User:Linshee/List of official languages by country and territory

List of countries

Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Abkhazia	Official: Abkhaz State: Abkhaz; Russian	Art. 6, Const. of Abkhazia, 1994. The official language of the Republic of Abkhazia shall be the Abkhaz language. The Russian language, equally with the Abkhazian language, shall be recognized as a language of State and other institutions.
Afghanistan	None (de facto: Pashto; Dari)
Albania	Official: Albanian	Art. 14, cl. 1, Const. of Albania, 1998. The official language in the Republic of Albania is Albanian.
Algeria	National: Arabic, Tamazight Official: Arabic	Art. 3, Const. of Algeria, 1996. Arabic is the national and official language. (2002 amendment) Tamazight is also a national language.
Andorra	Official: Catalan	Art. 2, cl. 1, Const. of Andorra, 1993. Catalan is the official language of the State.
Angola	Official: Portuguese	Article 19, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Angola (2010) The official language of the Republic of Angola is Portuguese.
Antigua and Barbuda	English
Argentina	None (de facto: Spanish)
Armenia	State: Armenian	Article 20 of the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia (1995) The Armenian language shall be the state language of the Republic of Armenia.
Artsakh	State: Armenian	Article 20, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Artsakh (2017) The state language of the Republic of Artsakh is the Armenian.
Australia	None (de facto: English)
Austria	Official: German	Article 8, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Austria (1920) German is the official language of the Republic.
Azerbaijan	State: Azerbaijani	Article 21, Clause I of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1995) The State language of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the Azerbaijani language.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Bahamas	English
Bahrain	Official: Arabic	Article 2 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain (2002) The official language is Arabic.
Bangladesh	State: Bangla	Article 3 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (1974) The state language of the Republic is Bangla.
Barbados	English
Belarus	Official: Belarusian; Russian	Article 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus (1994) The Belarusian and Russian languages shall be the official languages of the Republic of Belarus.
Belgium	Official: Dutch, French, German	Article 4 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Belgium (1831) Belgium comprises four linguistic regions: the Dutch-speaking region, the French-speaking region, the bilingual [Dutch- and French-speaking] region of Brussels-Capital and the German-speaking region.
Belize	English
Benin	Official: French	Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Benin (1990) The official language shall be French.
Bhutan	National: Dzongkha	Article 1, Clause 8 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan (2008) Dzongkha is the National Language of Bhutan.
Bolivia	Official: Spanish; 36 indigenous languages	Article 5, Clause I of the Constitution of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (2009) The official languages of the State are Spanish and all the languages of the rural native indigenous nations and peoples, which are Aymara, Araona, Baure, Bésiro, Canichana, Cavineño, Cayubaba, Chácobo, Chimán, Ese Ejja, Guaraní, Guarasu'we, Guarayu, Itonama, Leco, Machajuyai-Kallawaya, Machineri, Maropa, Mojeño-Trinitario, Mojeño-Ignaciano, Moré, Mosetén, Movima, Pacawara, Puquina, Quechua, Sirionó, Tacana, Tapiete, Toromona, Uru-Chipaya, Weenhayek, Yaminawa, Yuki, Yuracaré and Zamuco.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	None (de facto: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian)
Botswana	English; Tswana
Brazil	Official: Portuguese	Article 13 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil (1988) Portuguese is the official language of the Federative Republic of Brazil.
Brunei	Official: Malay; English	Article 82 of the Constitution of the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (1959) 1. The official language of Brunei Darussalam shall be the Malay language. 2. An official version in the English language shall be provided of anything which, by this Constitution or by any written law or by the Standing Orders, is required to be printed or in writing, and such version shall, in addition to the official Malay version, be accepted as an authentic text. 3. In the case of any doubt, conflict or discrepancy between the Malay and the English texts of this Constitution, or anything printed or written in accordance with Clause (2), the Malay text shall prevail.
Bulgaria	Official: Bulgarian	Article 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria (1991) Bulgarian shall be the official language of the Republic.
Burkina Faso	Official: French National: Fula; Jula; More	Article 35 of the Constitution of Burkina Faso (1991) The official language is French.
Burundi	National: Kirundi Official: Kirundi; French; English; Kiswahili	Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Burundi (2018) The national language is Kirundi. The official languages are Kirundi and all other languages as determined by law. Loi n° 1/30 du 3 Novembre 2014 Portant statut des langues au Burundi.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Cambodia	Official: Khmer	Article 5 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia (1993) The official language and script is Khmer.
Cameroon	Official: English; French	Article 1, Clause 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon (1972) The Official languages of the Republic of Cameroon shall be English and French, both languages having the same status.
Canada	Official: English; French	Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, § 16, cl. 1, Part 1 of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.), 1982, c 11. English and French are the official languages of Canada and have equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the Parliament and government of Canada.
Cape Verde	National: Kabuverdianu Official: Portuguese
Central African Republic	National: Sango Sango; French	Article 24 of the Constitution of the Central African Republic (2016) [The state's] national language is Sango. Its official languages are Sango and French.
Chad	Official: French; Arabic	Article 9 of the Constitution of the Republic of Chad (2018) The official languages are French and Arabic.
Chile	None (de facto: Spanish)
China	National: Putonghua	Article 19 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China (1982) The state promotes the nationwide use of Putonghua (common speech based on Beijing pronunciation).
Christmas Island	English; Mandarin Chinese; Malay
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	English; Cocos Malay
Colombia	Official: Spanish	Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Colombia (1991) Spanish is the official language of Colombia.
Comoros	National: Shikomor Official: Shikomor; French; Arabic	Article 9 of the Constitution of the Union of the Comoros (2018) The official languages are the Shikomor national language, French, and Arabic.
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Official: French National: Kikongo; Lingala; Swahili; Tshiluba	Article 1 of the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2005) [The state's] official language is French. The national languages are Kikongo, Lingala, Swahili and Tshiluba.
Republic of the Congo	Official: French National: Lingala; Kituba	Article 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of the Congo (2015) The official language is French. The national languages are Lingala and Kituba.
Cook Islands	English, Cook Islands Māori
Costa Rica	Official: Spanish	Article 76 of the Constitution of the Republic of Costa Rica (1949) Spanish is the official language of the Nation.
Croatia	Official: Croatian	Article 12 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia (1991) The Croatian language and Latin script shall be in official use in the Republic of Croatia.
Cuba	Official: Spanish	Article 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Cuba (2019) [T]he official language is Spanish.
Cyprus	Official: Greek; Turkish	Article 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus (1960) The official languages of the Republic are Greek and Turkish.
Czech Republic	Nationa: Czech Official: Czech; Slovak
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Denmark	Danish
Djibouti	Official: Arabic; French	Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Djibouti (1992) [The state's] official languages are Arabic and French.
Dominica	English
Dominican Republic	Official: Spanish	Article 29 of the Constitution of the Dominican Republic (2015) The official language of the Dominican Republic is Spanish.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
East Timor	Official: Tetum; Portuguese National: Tetum Working: Indonesian; English	Article 13 of the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (2002) 1. Tetum and Portuguese shall be the official languages in the Democratic Republic of East Timor. 2. Tetum and the other national languages shall be valued and developed by the State. Article 159 The Indonesian and the English languages shall be working languages within the public administration side by side with official languages as long as it is deemed necessary.
Ecuador	Official: Spanish; Lingua franca: Spanish; Kichwa; Shuar	Article 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador (2008) Spanish is Ecuador's official language; Spanish, Kichwa and Shuar are official languages for intercultural relations.
Egypt	Official: Arabic National: Egyptian	Article 2 of the Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt (2014) Arabic is [the state's] official language.
El Salvador	Official: Spanish	Article 62 of the Constitution of the Republic of El Salvador (1983) The official language of El Salvador is Spanish.
Equatorial Guinea	Official: Spanish; French; Portuguese	Article 4, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (1991) The official languages of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea are Spanish, French, and the ones determined by the Law. Indigenous languages are recognized as part of the national culture.
Eritrea	Tigrinya
Estonia	Official: Estonian	Article 6 of the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (1992) The official language of Estonia is Estonian.
Eswatini	Official: siSwati; English	Article 3, Clause 2 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Eswatini (2005) The official languages of Swaziland are siSwati and English.
Ethiopia	Working: Amharic Official: Afar; Amharic; Oromo; Somali; Tigrinya National: Afar; Amharic; Benshangul; Gumuz; Harari; Kunama; Oromo; Sidamo; Somali; Tigrinya	Article 5 of the Constitution of the Federald Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1994) 1. All Ethiopian languages shall enjoy equal state recognition. 2. Amharic shall be the working language of the Federal Government. 3. Members of the Federation may by law determine their respective working languages.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Fiji	Official: English; iTaukei; Hindi	Article 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Fiji (2013) 3. This Constitution is to be adopted in the English language and translations in the iTaukei and Hindi languages are to be made available. 4. If there is an apparent difference between the meaning of the English version of a provision of this Constitution, and its meaning in the iTaukei and Hindi versions, the English version prevails.
Finland	National: Finnish; Swedish	, Section 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of Finland (1999) The national languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish.
France	French	Article 2 of the Constitution of the French Republic (1958) The language of the Republic shall be French.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Gabon	Official: French	Article 2 of the Constitution of the Gabonese Republic (1991) The Gabonese Republic adopts French as the official language of work and labor.
The Gambia	Official: English	Article 106 of the Constitution of the Republic of The Gambia (1996) The business of the National Assembly shall be conducted in the English language or any other language prescribed by an Act of the National Assembly.
Georgia	Official: Georgian	Article 2, Clause 3 of the Constitution of Georgia (1995) The official language of Georgia shall be Georgian.
Germany	None (de facto: German)
Ghana	English
Greece	Greek
Grenada	English
Guatemala	Official: Spanish	Article 143 of the Constitution of the Republic of Guatemala (1985) The official language of Guatemala is Spanish. The vernacular languages form part of the cultural heritage of the Nation.
Guinea	French
Guinea-Bissau	Portuguese
Guyana	English
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Haiti	Official: Creole; French	Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Haiti (1987) All Haitians are united by a common language: Creole. Creole and French are the official languages of the Republic.
Honduras	Official: Spanish	Article 6 of the Constitution of the Republic of Honduras (1982) The official language of Honduras is Spanish.
Hungary	Official: Hungarian	Article H, Clause 1 of the Constitution of Hungary (2011) In Hungary the official language shall be Hungarian.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Iceland	Icelandic; Icelandic Sign Language
India	Official: Hindi; English (subsidiary)	Article 343, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of India (1949) 1. The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. 2. Notwithstanding anything in clause (1), for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement: Provided that the President may, during the said period, by order authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition to the English language...for any of the official purposes of the Union.
Indonesia	National: Indonesian	Article 36 of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (1945) The national language shall be Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia).
Iran	Official: Persian	Article 15 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1979) The official language and script of Iran, the lingua franca of its people, is Persian.
Iraq	Official: Arabic; Kurdish	Article 4, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq (2005) The Arabic language and the Kurdish language are the two official languages of Iraq.
Ireland	National: Irish Official: Irish (first); English (second)	Article 8, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ireland (1937) 1. The Irish language as the national language is the first official language. 2. The English language is recognised as a second official language.
Israel	Hebrew
Italy	Italian
Ivory Coast	Official: French	Article 48 of the Constitution of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (2016) The official language is French.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Jamaica	Official: English National: Jamaican Patois
Japan	National: Japanese
Jordan	Official: Arabic	Article 2 of the Constitution of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1952) Arabic is [the state's] official language.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Kazakhstan	State: Kazakh Official: Kazakh; Russian	Article 7, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1995) 1. The state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the Kazakh language. 2. In state institutions and local self-administrative bodies the Russian language shall be officially used on equal grounds along with the Kazak language.
Kenya	National: Kiswahili Official: Kiswahili; English	Article 7, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kenya (2010) 1. The national language of the Republic is Kiswahili. 2. The official languages of the Republic are Kiswahili and English.
Kiribati	National: Kiribati Official: English; Kiribati	Article 127 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kiribati (1979) The provisions of this Constitution shall be published in a Kiribati language text as well as this English text, but in the event of any inconsistency between the two texts this English text shall prevail.
North Korea	Korean	Article 53 of the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic (1972) The State shall safeguard our language [Korean] from all attempts to obliterate it and shall develop it to meet present-day needs.
South Korea	Korean; Korean Sign Language
Kosovo	Official: Albanian; Serbian	Article 5, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo (2008) The official languages in the Republic of Kosovo are Albanian and Serbian.
Kuwait	Official: Arabic National: Kuwaiti Sign Language; Kuwaiti Arabic; Kuwaiti Persian	Article 3 of the Constitution of the State of Kuwait (1961) Arabic is the official language of the State.
Kyrgyzstan	State: Kyrgyz Official: Russian	Article 10, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic (2010) 1. The state language of the Kyrgyz Republic shall be the Kyrgyz language. 2. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian language shall be used in the capacity of an official language.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Laos	Official: Lao	Article 110 of the Constitution of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (2015) The Lao language and Lao script are the language and script officially used.
Latvia	Official: Latvian	Article 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia (1922) The Latvian language is the official language in the Republic of Latvia.
Lebanon	Official: Arabic National: Arabic; English; French	Article 11 of the Constitution of the Lebanese Republic (1926) The Arabic language is the official national language. The conditions under which the French language is to be used are determined by law.
Lesotho	Official: Sesotho; English National: Sesotho	Article 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Lesotho (1993) The official languages of Lesotho shall be Sesotho and English.
Liberia	Official: English	Article 41 of the Constitution of the Republic of Liberia (1986) The business of the Legislature shall be concluded in the English language or, when adequate preparations shall have been made, in one more of the languages of the Republic as the Legislature may by resolution approve.
Libya	Official: Arabic	Article 1 of the Constitution of the State of Libya (2011) Arabic shall be the official language.
Liechtenstein	National: German Official: German	Article 6 of the Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein (1921) The German language is the national and official language.
Lithuania	State: Lithuanian	Article 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (1992) Lithuanian shall be the State language.
Luxembourg	National: Luxembourgish Official: French; German; Luxembourgish
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Madagascar	National: Malagasy Official: French; Malagasy	Article 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of Madagascar (2010) The national language is Malagasy. The official languages are Malagasy and French.
Malawi	National: Chichewa Official: English; Chichewa	Article 56, Clause 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Malawi (1994) The proceedings of Parliament shall be conducted in the English language and such other languages as the National Assembly may prescribe.
Malaysia	National: Malay Official: Malay; English	Article 152, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of Malaysia (1957) 1. The national language shall be the Malay language. 2. [T]he English language may be used in both Houses of Parliament, in the Legislative Assembly of every State, and for all other official purposes. National Language Act 1963/67 (32, 2). Parliament of Malaysia. 1 July 1971. [T]he national language [Malay] shall be used for official purposes.
Maldives	National: Dhivehi	Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of the Maldives (2008) The national language of the Maldives is Dhivehi.
Mali	French
Malta	National: Maltese Official: Maltese; English	Article 5, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Malta (1964) 1. The National language of Malta is the Maltese language. 2. The Maltese and the English languages and such other language as may be prescribed by Parliament...shall be the official languages of Malta.
Sovereign Military Order of Malta	Italian
Marshall Islands	Official: Marshallese; English National: Marshallese	, Section 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (1979) The Marshallese and English texts of this Constitution shall be equally authentic, but in case of difference, the Marshallese text shall prevail.
Mauritania	National: Arabic; Poular; Soninke; Wolof Official: Arabic	Article 6 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (1991) The national languages are: Arabic, Poular, Soninke, and Wolof. The official language is Arabic.
Mauritius	Official: English National: French	Article 49 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mauritius (1968) The official language of the Assembly shall be English but any member may address the chair in French.
Mexico	None (de facto: Spanish)
Micronesia	Official: English	, Section 19 of the Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia (1990) Legislative proceedings shall be conducted in the English language.
Moldova	State: Moldovan	Article 13, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova (1994) The State language in the Republic of Moldova is the Moldovan language.
Monaco	Official: French	Article 8 of the Constitution of the Principality of Monaco (1962) The French language is the official language of the State.
Mongolia	Official: Mongolian	Article 8, Clause 1 of the Constitution of Mongolia (1992) The Mongolian language shall be the official language of the State.
Montenegro	Official: Montenegrin Co-official: Serbian; Bosnian; Albanian; Croatian	Article 13 of the Constitution of Montenegro (2007) The official language in Montenegro shall be Montenegrin. Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian shall also be in the official use.
Morocco	Official: Arabic; Tamazight National: Arabic	Article 5 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco (2011) Arabic is the official language of the State. Likewise, Tamazight constitutes an official language of the State.
Mozambique	Official: Portuguese	Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique (2004) The official language in the Republic of Mozambique shall be Portuguese.
Myanmar	Official: Myanmar	Article 450 of the Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008) Myanmar language is the official language.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Namibia	Official: English National: Afrikaans	Article 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia (1990) The official language of Namibia shall be English.
Nauru	English; Nauruan
Nepal	National: All mother tongues spoken in Nepal Official: Nepali	Article 6 of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2015) All the mother tongues spoken in Nepal shall be the national language. Article 7, Clause 1 The Nepali language written in Devanagari script shall be the language of official business in Nepal.
Netherlands	Dutch
New Zealand	English; Maori; New Zealand Sign Language
Nicaragua	Official: Spanish	Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Nicaragua (1987) Spanish is the official language of the State.
Niger	National: All languages of all communities composing the Nigerien Nation Official: French	Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of the Niger (2010) All communities composing the Nigerien Nation enjoy the freedom to use their languages, respecting those of others. These languages have, in all equality, the status of national languages. The official language is French.
Nigeria	Official: English Co-official: Hausa; Yoruba; Ibo National: Hausa; Yoruba; Ibo; Tiv	Article 55 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999) The business of the National Assembly shall be conducted in English, and in Hausa, Ibo and Yoruba when adequate arrangements have been made therefor.
Niue	English; Niuean
Norfolk Island	English; Norfuk
North Macedonia	Official: Macedonian; Albanian	Article 1 of Amendment V (YEAR) to the Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia (1991) The Macedonian language, written using its Cyrillic alphabet, is the official language throughout the Republic of Macedonia and in the international relations of the Republic of Macedonia. Any other language spoken by at least 20 percent of the population is also an official language, written using its alphabet, as specified below.
Northern Cyprus	Turkish
Norway	National: Bokmål;Nynorsk; Sami Official: Norwegian; Sami
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Oman	Official: Arabic	Article 3 of the Constitution of the Sultanate of Oman (1996) The official language of the State is the Arabic language.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Pakistan	National: Urdu Official: Urdu; English	Article 251, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1973) 1. The National language of Pakistan is Urdu, and arrangements shall be made for its being used for official and other purposes within fifteen years from the commencing day. 2. Subject to clause (1), the English language may be used for official purposes until arrangements are made for its replacement by Urdu.
Palau	National: Palauan Official: Palauan; English	Article XIII, Section 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Palau (1981) The Palauan traditional languages shall be the national languages. Palauan and English shall be the official languages.
Palestine	Official: Arabic	Article 4, Clause 3 of the Constitution of the Palestine (2003) Arabic shall be the official language.
Panama	Official: Spanish	Article 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Panama (1972) Spanish is the official language of the Republic.
Papua New Guinea	English; Hiri Motu; PNG Sign Language; Tok Pisin
Paraguay	Official: Spanish; Guaraní	Article 140 of the Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay (1992) Spanish and Guaraní are official languages.
Peru	Official: Spanish; Aymara; Quechua; other indigenous langauages	Article 48 of the Constitution of the Republic of Peru (1993) The official languages of the State are Spanish and, wherever they predominate, Quechua, Aymara, and other native tongues, in accordance with the law.
Philippines	National: Filipino; Filipino Sign Language Official: Filipino; English	Article XIV, Section 6 of the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines (1987) The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. Section 7 For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English.
Poland	Official: Polish	Article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland (1997) Polish shall be the official language in the Republic of Poland.
Portugal	Official: Portuguese	Article 11, Clause 3 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic (1976) The official language shall be Portuguese.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Qatar	Official: Arabic	Article 1 of the Constitution of the State of Qatar (2003) [The state's] official language is the Arabic language.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Romania	Official: Romanian	Article 13 of the Constitution of Romania (1991) In Romania, the official language is Romanian.
Russia	State: Russian	Article 68, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993) The Russian language shall be the State language on the entire territory of the Russian Federation.
Rwanda	National: Ikinyarwanda Official: Ikinyarwanda; English; French; Swahili	Article 68, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Rwanda (1993) The National language is Ikinyarwanda. The official languages are Ikinyarwanda, English and French.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Tamazight; Arabic; Spanish
Saint Kitts and Nevis	English
Saint Lucia	English
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	English
Samoa	Official: Samoan; English	Article 54, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Independent State of Samoa (1962) 1. All debates and discussions in the Legislative Assembly shall be conducted in the Samoan language and the English language. 2. The Minutes and the debates of the Legislative Assembly, every bill introduced therein, every paper presented thereto, and all minutes of proceedings, minutes of evidence and reports of committees of the Assembly shall be in the Samoan language and the English language.
San Marino	Italian
São Tomé and Príncipe	Portuguese
Saudi Arabia	Arabic	Article 1 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1992) Language: Arabic
Senegal	Official: French National: Diola; Pular; Sérère; Soninké; Wolof	Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Senegal (2001) The official language of the Republic of Senegal is French. The national languages are the Diola, the Malinké, the Pular, the Sérère, the Soninké and the Wolof and any other national languages which shall be codified.
Serbia	Official: Serbian	Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia (2006) Serbian language and Cyrillic script shall be in official use in the Republic of Serbia.
Seychelles	National: Creole; English; French	Article 4, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (1993) The National languages of Seychelles shall be Creole, English and French
Sierra Leone	Official: English National: Krio	Article 90 of the Constitution of the Republic of Sierra Leone (1991) The business of Parliament shall be conducted in the English Language.
Singapore	Official: Malay; Mandarin; Tamil; English National: Malay	Article 153A, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1963) 1. Malay, Mandarin, Tamil and English shall be the 4 official languages in Singapore. 2. The national language shall be the Malay language and shall be in the Roman script.
Slovakia	State: Slovak	Article 6, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic (1992) The state language on the territory of the Slovak Republic is the Slovak language.
Slovenia	Official: Slovene	Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia (1991) The official language in Slovenia is Slovene.
Solomon Islands	English
Somalia	Official: Somali (first); Arabic (second)	Article 5 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia (2012) The official language of the Federal Republic of Somalia is Somali (Maay and Maxaa-tiri), and Arabic is the second language.
Somaliland	Arabic; English; Somali
South Africa	Official: Sepedi; Sesotho; Setswana; siSwati; Xitsonga; Afrikaans; English; isiNdebele; isiXhosa; isiZulu	Article 6, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) The official languages of the Republic are Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, siSwati, Tshivenda, Xitsonga, Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa and isiZulu.
South Ossetia	Ossetian; Russian
South Sudan	National: All indigenous languages of South Sudan Working: English	Article 6, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan (2011) 1. All indigenous languages of South Sudan are national languages and shall be respected, developed and promoted. 2. English shall be the official working language in the Republic of South Sudan, as well as the language of instruction at all levels of education.
Spain	Official: Spanish	, Clause 1, Section 3 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Spain (1978) Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State.
Sri Lanka	Official: Sinhala; Tamil Lingua franca: English National: Sinhala; Tamil	Article 18, Clause 1–3 of the Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (1978) 1. The Official Language of Sri Lanka shall be Sinhala. 2. Tamil shall also be an official language. 3. English shall be the link language. Article 19 The National Languages of Sri Lanka shall be Sinhala and Tamil.
Sudan	Arabic; English
Suriname	Official: Dutch National: Sranan Tongo
Sweden	Swedish
Switzerland	National: German; French; Italian; Romansh Official: German; French; Italian; Romansh	Article 4 of the Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (1999) The National Languages are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. Article 70, Clause 1 The official languages of the Confederation are German, French and Italian. Romansh is also an official language of the Confederation when communicating with persons who speak Romansh.
Syria	Arabic	Article 4 of the Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic (2012) The official language of the state is Arabic.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Taiwan	Official: None (de facto: Mandarin Chinese) National: Taiwanese Mandarin; Taiwanese Hokkien; Taiwanese Hakka; Formosan languages; Taiwan Sign Language; Matsu dialect
Tajikistan	State: Tajik Lingua franca: Russian	Article 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan (1994) The State language of Tajikistan is the Tajik language. Russian is the language of communication between the nationalities.
Tanzania	Official: English National: Swahili
Thailand	Thai
Togo	French	Article 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Togo (1992) The official language of the Republic of Togo is French.
Tokelau	English; Tokelauan
Tonga	English; Tongan
Transnistria	Moldovan; Russian; Ukrainian
Trinidad and Tobago	English
Tunisia	Arabic	Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tunnisia (2014) [The state's] language is Arabic.
Turkey	Official: Turkish	Article 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (1982) [The state's] language is Turkish.
Turkmenistan	State: Turkmen	Article 21 of the Constitution of Turkmenistan (2008) Turkmen language shall be the state language of Turkmenistan.
Tuvalu	Tuvaluan; English
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Uganda	Official: English (first); Swahili (second)	Article 6, Clause 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (1995) 1. The official language of Uganda is English. 2. Swahili shall be the second official language in Uganda to be used in such circumstances as Parliament may by law prescribe.
Ukraine	State: Ukrainian	Article 10 of the Constitution of Ukraine (1996) The state language of Ukraine is the Ukrainian language.
United Arab Emirates	Arabic	Article 10 of the Constitution of the United Arab Emirates (1996) The official language of the UAE is Arabic.
United Kingdom	None (de facto: English)
United States	None (de facto: English)
Uruguay	None (de facto: Spanish)
Uzbekistan	State: Uzbek	Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan (1992) The state language of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be Uzbek.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Vanuatu	National: Bislama Official: Bislama; English; French	Article 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (1980) The national language of the Republic of Vanuatu is Bislama. The official languages are Bislama, English and French.
Vatican City	Italian
Venezuela	Official: Spanish	Article 9 of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1999) Spanish is the official language.
Vietnam	National: Vietnamese	Article 5, Clause 3 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1992) The national language is Vietnamese.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Yemen	Official: Arabic	Article 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Yemen (1991) Arabic is [the state's] official Language.
Country	Official, national or state language	Legal text
Zambia	English	Article 258, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Zambia (1991) The official language of Zambia is English.
Zanzibar	Swahili
Zimbabwe	Official: Chewa; Chibarwe; English; Kalanga; Koisan; Nambya; Ndau; Ndebele; Shangani; Shona; sign language; Sotho; Tonga; Tswana; Venda; Xhosa	Article 6, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Zimbabwe (2013) The following languages, namely Chewa, Chibarwe, English, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Ndebele, Shangani, Shona, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda and Xhosa, are the officially recognised languages of Zimbabwe.

List of dependant territories

Territory	Country	Official language	Legal text
Akrotiri and Dhekelia	United Kingdom
Åland	Finland
American Samoa	United States
Anguilla	United Kingdom
Aruba	Netherlands
Ashmore and Cartier Islands	Australia
Baker Island	United States
Bermuda	United Kingdom
Bonaire	Netherlands
Bouvet Island	Norway
British Indian Ocean Territory	United Kingdom
British Virgin Islands	United Kingdom
Cayman Islands	United Kingdom
Christmas Island	Australia
Clipperton Island	France
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Australia
Coral Sea Islands	Australia
Curaçao	Netherlands
Faroe Islands	Denmark
French Guiana	France
French Polynesia	France
French Southern and Antarctic Lands	France
Greenland	Denmark
Guadeloupe	France
Guam	United States
Guernsey	United Kingdom
Heard Island and McDonald Islands	Australia
Hong Kong	China
Howland Island	United States
Isle of Man	United Kingdom
Jan Mayen	Norway
Jarvis Island	United States
Jersey	United Kingdom
Johnston Atoll	United States
Kingman Reef	United States
Macau	China
Martinique	France
Mayotte	France
Montserrat	United Kingdom
Navassa Island	United States
New Caledonia	France
Norfolk Island	Australia
Northern Mariana Islands	United States
Palmyra Atoll	United States
Pitcairn Islands	United Kingdom
Puerto Rico	United States
Réunion	France
Saba	Netherlands
Saint Barthélemy	France
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	United Kingdom
Saint Martin	France
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	France
Sint Eustatius	Netherlands
Sint Maarten	Netherlands
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	United Kingdom
Svalbard	Norway
Tokelau	New Zealand
Turks and Caicos Islands	United Kingdom
United States Virgin Islands	United States
Wake Island	United States
Wallis and Futuna	France