Genoese-Circassian War

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Genoese-Circassian War
Part of Conquests of Inal the Great
Date1434-1438
Location
Kuban
Result

Circassian victory

•Genoese left fortress and left Circassian possessions
Belligerents
Genoa Genoa Circassia
Commanders and leaders
Unknown Inal the Great of Circassia
Strength
Unknown 7.000
Casualties and losses
Unknown Unknown

According to legend, Inal managed to capture all the Genoese fortresses, except for the most powerful one - Humaran, located on Mount Kalezh. The city was surrounded by a powerful stone wall with towers, 1,900 meters long. Inal stormed the city from the east, which eventually led to the surrender of the Genoese after a long siege. The Genoese left the fortress under the guarantee of inviolability, but were destroyed by Kabarda Tambi's cavalry detachment after their departure.

Conflict

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According to legend, Inal managed to take all the Genoese fortresses with the exception of the most powerful of them - Khumaran. Despite the damage caused to the city during Timur's invasion in 1396, it was a natural fortress that remained strategically inaccessible. Khumaran controlled the pass routes along the gorges of the river. Kuban, Mary and Teberda, which led to Transcaucasia, and was of great strategic importance. It was located on the flat top of Mount Kalezh (Adyghe - “old fortress”), above the modern Circassian village of Khumaran. The city was surrounded by a powerful stone wall, the length of which was 1900 m, and its area was 5 hectares. The walls were made of powerful stone blocks with dimensions on average of 1 x 0.5 x 3 m. The fortress wall was interspersed with towers, of which there were at least 15. The city was a natural fortification dominating the river valley. Kuban.

The top of the mountain is surrounded by sheer exposed rocks, forming a kind of natural scarp, which further strengthened the city’s defense. Only from the east could the city be approached along a winding road running along the Inal gully. The name of the beam indicates that Inal led the assault on the fortress from this side, which was strategically more convenient, where, perhaps, his camp headquarters was located. Inal, according to legend, had to stand for a long time under the walls of one of the most powerful fortresses in the Caucasus.

The first assaults ended unsuccessfully for him and were associated with heavy losses. Only energy and perseverance, an assessment of the strategic situation allowed him to take the last and main stronghold of the Genoese, which occupied an advantageous strategic position. The Genoese, exhausted by the blockade and long siege, agreed to leave Humaran on the condition that Inal guaranteed them immunity while they were in his possessions. After the Genoese left the fortress and left the possessions of Inal, they were caught up with the cavalry detachment of Kabarda Tambi, who destroyed the enemies.

References

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