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| producer = [[John Stafford (producer)|John Stafford]]
| producer = [[John Stafford (producer)|John Stafford]]
| writer = [[Guy Elmes]]<br>Peter Proud
| writer = [[Guy Elmes]]<br>Peter Proud
| based on = novel by Sidney Charles George
| based on = novel ''Planter's Wife'' by Sidney Charles George
| starring = [[Claudette Colbert]]<br>[[Jack Hawkins]]
| starring = [[Claudette Colbert]]<br>[[Jack Hawkins]]
| music = [[Allan Gray (composer)|Allan Gray]]
| music = [[Allan Gray (composer)|Allan Gray]]
| cinematography = [[Geoffrey Unsworth]]
| cinematography = [[Geoffrey Unsworth]]
| editing = [[Alfred Roome]]
| editing = [[Alfred Roome]]
| studio = [[Pinnacle Productions]]
| studio = Pinnacle Productions
| distributor = [[General Film Distributors]] (UK) <br>[[United Artists]] (USA)
| distributor = [[General Film Distributors]] (UK) <br>[[United Artists]] (USA)
| released = 18 September 1952 (UK)<br>26 November 1952 (USA)
| released = 18 September 1952 (UK)<br>26 November 1952 (USA)
Line 23: Line 23:
}}
}}


'''''The Planter's Wife ''''' is a 1952 British drama film directed by [[Ken Annakin]], and starring [[Claudette Colbert]], [[Jack Hawkins]] and [[Anthony Steel (actor)|Anthony Steel]]. It is set against the backdrop of the [[Malayan Emergency]] and focuses on a rubber planter and his neighbours who are fending off a campaign of sustained attacks by Communist insurgents while also struggling to save their marriage.
'''''The Planter's Wife ''''' is a 1952 British drama film directed by [[Ken Annakin]], and starring [[Claudette Colbert]], [[Jack Hawkins]] and [[Anthony Steel (actor)|Anthony Steel]]. It is set against the backdrop of the [[Malayan Emergency]] and focuses on a rubber planter and his neighbours who are fending off a campaign of sustained attacks by Communist insurgents while also struggling to save their marriage.<ref>PLANTER'S WIFE, The
Monthly Film Bulletin; London Vol. 19, Iss. 216, (Jan 1, 1952): 155. </ref>


The film was retitled '''''Outpost in Malaya''''' in the United States.<ref>Hollywood Notes
The film was retitled '''''Outpost in Malaya''''' in the United States.<ref>Hollywood Notes
The Christian Science Monitor (1908-Current file) [Boston, Mass] 09 Sep 1952: 7</ref>
The Christian Science Monitor 9 Sep 1952: 7</ref>


==Plot==
==Plot==
Line 56: Line 57:


==Production==
==Production==
===Development===
The movie was originally known as ''White Blood''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55743235 |title=Anthony Steele on the way up. |newspaper=[[The Mail (Adelaide)|The Mail]] |location=Adelaide |date=26 January 1952 |accessdate=7 May 2012 |page=7 Supplement: SUNDAY MAGAZINE |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> This was the name given to liquid rubber as it is tapped from trees. However the title was criticised by the [[Colonial Office]] and overseas distributors because it could be interpreted as referring to racial discrimination, so it was changed to ''The Planter's Wife''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57698078 |title=U.K. honor to Jane Wyman. |newspaper=[[The Mail (Adelaide)|The Mail]] |location=Adelaide |date=10 May 1952 |accessdate=11 July 2012 |page=7 Supplement: SUNDAY MAGAZINE |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
The movie was based on a 1951 novel ''Planter's Wife''. It was originally known as ''White Blood''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55743235 |title=Anthony Steele on the way up. |newspaper=[[The Mail (Adelaide)|The Mail]] |location=Adelaide |date=26 January 1952 |accessdate=7 May 2012 |page=7 Supplement: SUNDAY MAGAZINE |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> This was the name given to liquid rubber as it is tapped from trees. However the title was criticised by the [[Colonial Office]] and overseas distributors because it could be interpreted as referring to racial discrimination, so it was changed to ''The Planter's Wife''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57698078 |title=U.K. honor to Jane Wyman. |newspaper=[[The Mail (Adelaide)|The Mail]] |location=Adelaide |date=10 May 1952 |accessdate=11 July 2012 |page=7 Supplement: SUNDAY MAGAZINE |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>


The film was co-financed by the [[NFFC]].<ref name="rank">[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=UyYTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA386&lpg=PA386&dq=vincent+porter+sue+harper&source=bl&ots=978Q3rMq7B&sig=R2UhMp6T53KbfjIFniBqZYP0amw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLzJmegsPMAhUB_2MKHZcZDfEQ6AEIQzAI#v=onepage&q&f=false ''British Cinema of the 1950s: The Decline of Deference'' by Sue Harper, Vincent Porter Oxford University Press, 2003 p 44-45]</ref>
The film was co-financed by the [[NFFC]] and the Rank Organisation. The producer, John Stafford, was freelance.<ref name="rank">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=UyYTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA386&lpg=PA386&dq=vincent+porter+sue+harper&source=bl&ots=978Q3rMq7B&sig=R2UhMp6T53KbfjIFniBqZYP0amw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLzJmegsPMAhUB_2MKHZcZDfEQ6AEIQzAI#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=British Cinema of the 1950s: The Decline of Deference|first1= Sue|last1= Harper|first2= Vincent|last2= Porter|publisher= Oxford University Press|year= 2003|page=44-45}}</ref>
===Casting===
⚫
To encourage a receptive American audience, Pinewood Studios head [[Earl St. John]] sent Annakin to Hollywood in November 1951 to select an American actress for the female lead. Annakin interviewed [[Norma Shearer]], [[Loretta Young]], [[Joan Crawford]], [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Claudette Colbert]]. Though all the actresses expressed satisfaction with the script, none wanted to leave their film and television commitments in Hollywood for an extended overseas location shoot except for Claudette Colbert.<ref>p, 61 Annakin, Ken ''So You Wanna Be a Director?'' Tomahawk Press 2001</ref> Claudette Colbert was paid £20,000 to play the lead.<ref name="WA">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59698492 |title=WHAT'S NEWS IN THE MOVIE WORLD. |newspaper=[[The Sunday Times (Western Australia)|Sunday Times]] |location=Perth |date=28 November 1954 |accessdate=10 July 2012 |page=39 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>


The role of Jim Fraser was meant to be played by [[Michael Redgrave]] but in December 1951 [[Jack Hawkins]] was cast instead.<ref>Looking at Hollywood: Fred Allen's Loyalty Takes Him to Coast
⚫
Director [[Ken Annakin]] and a team gathered anecdotes from planters, policemen and soldiers in [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] and shot second unit sequences there as well as [[Singapore]] and [[Malacca]] but for safety reasons during the ongoing Emergency, much of the filming was done in [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]]. The majority of the film was shot in London at [[Pinewood Studios]].
Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune 20 Dec 1951: s2. </ref> In January 1952 Antony Steele joined the cast.<ref>Lalo Rios Will Star in 'Ring;' Eve Arden Set as Douglas Partner

Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 8 Jan 1952: B7.</ref>
⚫
To encourage a receptive American audience, Pinewood Studios head [[Earl St. John]] sent Annakin to Hollywood to select an American actress for the female lead. Annakin interviewed [[Norma Shearer]], [[Loretta Young]], [[Joan Crawford]], [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Claudette Colbert]]. Though all the actresses expressed satisfaction with the script, none wanted to leave their film and television commitments in Hollywood for an extended overseas location shoot except for Claudette Colbert.<ref>p, 61 Annakin, Ken ''So You Wanna Be a Director?'' Tomahawk Press 2001</ref> Claudette Colbert was paid £20,000 to play the lead.<ref name="WA">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59698492 |title=WHAT'S NEWS IN THE MOVIE WORLD. |newspaper=[[The Sunday Times (Western Australia)|Sunday Times]] |location=Perth |date=28 November 1954 |accessdate=10 July 2012 |page=39 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The role of Jim Fraser was meant to be played by [[Michael Redgrave]] but [[Jack Hawkins]] was cast instead.<ref>http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/410358|409496/Outpost-in-Malaya.html</ref> Colbert impressed Annakin with her detailed technical knowledge of lighting and camera work and confided in Annakin that she had never been called upon to do real action scenes in Hollywood and quickly became adept in small arms use.<ref> p.64 Annakin</ref>


Indian dancer Ram Gopal was given his first dramatic role as the overseer.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49480798 |title=WANT MALAYAN STARLET. |newspaper=[[The Northern Standard]] |location=Darwin, NT |date=6 June 1952 |accessdate=11 July 2012 |page=6 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Child actor [[Peter Asher]] – who later went on to a successful career as musician, singer (as half of the 1960s' "[[Peter & Gordon]]" duo) and record producer – plays the couple's son, Mike. Among the Burmese, Indian and Malay extras was Khin Maung, a noted Burmese painter.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18279204 |title=FILMS' CHAMPION MOTHER. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=28 August 1952 |accessdate=11 July 2012 |page=7 Section: Women's Section |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
Indian dancer Ram Gopal was given his first dramatic role as the overseer.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49480798 |title=WANT MALAYAN STARLET. |newspaper=[[The Northern Standard]] |location=Darwin, NT |date=6 June 1952 |accessdate=11 July 2012 |page=6 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Child actor [[Peter Asher]] – who later went on to a successful career as musician, singer (as half of the 1960s' "[[Peter & Gordon]]" duo) and record producer – plays the couple's son, Mike. Among the Burmese, Indian and Malay extras was Khin Maung, a noted Burmese painter.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18279204 |title=FILMS' CHAMPION MOTHER. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=28 August 1952 |accessdate=11 July 2012 |page=7 Section: Women's Section |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
===Shooting===
Colbert left for England in February 1951 and stayed there three months.<ref>Drama: Victor Mature Costars With Esther Williams
Los Angeles Times ]28 Nov 1951: A8. </ref>

⚫
Director [[Ken Annakin]] and a team gathered anecdotes from planters, policemen and soldiers in [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] and shot second unit sequences there as well as [[Singapore]] and [[Malacca]] but for safety reasons during the ongoing Emergency, much of the filming was done in [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]]. The majority of the film was shot in London at [[Pinewood Studios]].

Colbert impressed Annakin with her detailed technical knowledge of lighting and camera work and confided in Annakin that she had never been called upon to do real action scenes in Hollywood and quickly became adept in small arms use.<ref> p.64 Annakin</ref>


To shoot the cobra vs mongoose fight, the room set was built in a Ceylon zoo. When several of the local mongooses ran away from the cobra, the zookeeper said "Ï'm afraid our Singhalese mongooses are not used to fighting; I'll have to get you some North-Indian variety". Imported from [[Madras]], the Indian mongoose engaged in a true fight to the finish with the cobra.<ref>p. 64 Annakin</ref>
To shoot the cobra vs mongoose fight, the room set was built in a Ceylon zoo. When several of the local mongooses ran away from the cobra, the zookeeper said "Ï'm afraid our Singhalese mongooses are not used to fighting; I'll have to get you some North-Indian variety". Imported from [[Madras]], the Indian mongoose engaged in a true fight to the finish with the cobra.<ref>p. 64 Annakin</ref>
Line 71: Line 82:


===Box office===
===Box office===
The film was the sixth most popular movie of the year at the British box office in 1952.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18504988 |title=COMEDIAN TOPS FILM POLL. |newspaper=[[The Sunday Herald (Sydney)|The Sunday Herald]] |location=Sydney |date=28 December 1952 |accessdate=24 April 2012 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>U. S. STARS TOP WORLD IN BRITISH FILM POLL
The film was the sixth most popular movie of the year at the British box office in 1952, after ''The Greatest Show on Earth'', ''Where No Vultures Fly'', ''Son of Paleface''. ''Ivanhoe'' and ''Mandy''. It was followed by ''The Quiet Man'', ''World In His Arms'', ''Angel One Five'', ''Reluctant Heroes'', ''The African Queen'' and ''The Sound Barrier''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18504988 |title=COMEDIAN TOPS FILM POLL. |newspaper=[[The Sunday Herald (Sydney)|The Sunday Herald]] |location=Sydney |date=28 December 1952 |accessdate=24 April 2012 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>U. S. STARS TOP WORLD IN BRITISH FILM POLL
⚫
New York Times 27 Dec 1952: 5.</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/Screen_Volume_32_Issue_3/page/n17|magazine=Screen|page=259|volume=32|issue=3|title=The popular cash and culture in the postwar British cinema industry|first=Janet|last=Thumim}}</ref>
New York Times 27 Dec 1952: 5.
⚫
</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/Screen_Volume_32_Issue_3/page/n17|magazine=Screen|page=259|volume=32|issue=3|title=The popular cash and culture in the postwar British cinema industry|first=Janet|last=Thumim}}</ref>


However, despite Colbert's presence, it only took £32,000 in the United States.<ref name="WA"/>
However, despite Colbert's presence, the film only took £32,000 in the United States.<ref name="WA"/>


===Critical===
===Critical===
Line 81: Line 91:


The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' said "the atmosphere is more plausible than the melodrama."<ref>Colbert in Difficulties in Malaya
The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' said "the atmosphere is more plausible than the melodrama."<ref>Colbert in Difficulties in Malaya
Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 08 Dec 1952: B11</ref>
Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times 8 Dec 1952: B11</ref>


===Legacy===
===Legacy===
Ken Annakin later said he was "quite proud" of the film.<ref>Brian McFarlane, ''An Autobiography of British Cinema by the Actors and Filmmakers Who Made It'', Methuen 1997 p 26</ref>
Ken Annakin later said he was "quite proud" of the film.<ref>Brian McFarlane, ''An Autobiography of British Cinema by the Actors and Filmmakers Who Made It'', Methuen 1997 p 26</ref> The success of the movie led to Rank's head of production [[Earl St John]] to commission another colonial war film, about Britain's struggle against the [[Mau Mau]], ''Simba''.<ref name="rank"/>


==References==
==References==
Line 94: Line 104:
* {{Amg movie|105279|The Planter's Wife}}
* {{Amg movie|105279|The Planter's Wife}}
*[https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9801E7DD113AE23BBC4F51DFB7678389649EDE Review of film] at [[New York Times]]
*[https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9801E7DD113AE23BBC4F51DFB7678389649EDE Review of film] at [[New York Times]]
*[https://letterboxd.com/film/the-planters-wife/ The Planter's Wife] at Letterbox DVD
*[https://archive.org/stream/variety188-1952-10#page/n5/mode/1up/search/%22anthony+steel%22 Review of film] at ''Variety''
*[https://archive.org/stream/variety188-1952-10#page/n5/mode/1up/search/%22anthony+steel%22 Review of film] at ''Variety''
*[http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6b324ebd ''The Planter's Wife''] at [[British Film Institute|BFI]]
*[http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6b324ebd ''The Planter's Wife''] at [[British Film Institute|BFI]]

Revision as of 03:47, 28 August 2019

The Planter's Wife
Original British film poster
Directed byKen Annakin
Written byGuy Elmes
Peter Proud
Produced byJohn Stafford
StarringClaudette Colbert
Jack Hawkins
CinematographyGeoffrey Unsworth
Edited byAlfred Roome
Music byAllan Gray
Production
company
Pinnacle Productions
Distributed byGeneral Film Distributors (UK)
United Artists (USA)
Release dates
18 September 1952 (UK)
26 November 1952 (USA)
Running time
88 min.
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish

The Planter's Wife is a 1952 British drama film directed by Ken Annakin, and starring Claudette Colbert, Jack Hawkins and Anthony Steel. It is set against the backdrop of the Malayan Emergency and focuses on a rubber planter and his neighbours who are fending off a campaign of sustained attacks by Communist insurgents while also struggling to save their marriage.[1]

The film was retitled Outpost in Malaya in the United States.[2]

Plot

During the Malayan Emergency, communist terrorists attack an isolated rubber plantation, killing the manager. This concerns neighbouring planter Jim Frazer, who is struggling to produce rubber under constant attacks. Jim is having domestic difficulties with his American wife Liz, who is planning to take their son Mike to England and not return. British Inspector Hugh Dobson urges Liz to come clean with Jim.

Jim gives a lift to Wan Li, a Chinese man, the uncle of a little servant girl injured in the attack on Jim's neighbour. After Wan Li goes to the police, the communists murder him. Mike is almost bitten by a cobra but a mongoose kills the snake.

A bandit attacks Liz and corners her, but she shoots him with a pistol. Jim takes her home. When she awakes the plantation is under attack. Jim fights off the communists with the help of his friend Nair. Liz decides to stay in Malaya.[3]

Cast

Production

Development

The movie was based on a 1951 novel Planter's Wife. It was originally known as White Blood.[4] This was the name given to liquid rubber as it is tapped from trees. However the title was criticised by the Colonial Office and overseas distributors because it could be interpreted as referring to racial discrimination, so it was changed to The Planter's Wife.[5]

The film was co-financed by the NFFC and the Rank Organisation. The producer, John Stafford, was freelance.[6]

Casting

To encourage a receptive American audience, Pinewood Studios head Earl St. John sent Annakin to Hollywood in November 1951 to select an American actress for the female lead. Annakin interviewed Norma Shearer, Loretta Young, Joan Crawford, Olivia de Havilland and Claudette Colbert. Though all the actresses expressed satisfaction with the script, none wanted to leave their film and television commitments in Hollywood for an extended overseas location shoot except for Claudette Colbert.[7] Claudette Colbert was paid £20,000 to play the lead.[8]

The role of Jim Fraser was meant to be played by Michael Redgrave but in December 1951 Jack Hawkins was cast instead.[9] In January 1952 Antony Steele joined the cast.[10]

Indian dancer Ram Gopal was given his first dramatic role as the overseer.[11] Child actor Peter Asher – who later went on to a successful career as musician, singer (as half of the 1960s' "Peter & Gordon" duo) and record producer – plays the couple's son, Mike. Among the Burmese, Indian and Malay extras was Khin Maung, a noted Burmese painter.[12]

Shooting

Colbert left for England in February 1951 and stayed there three months.[13]

Director Ken Annakin and a team gathered anecdotes from planters, policemen and soldiers in Malaya and shot second unit sequences there as well as Singapore and Malacca but for safety reasons during the ongoing Emergency, much of the filming was done in Ceylon. The majority of the film was shot in London at Pinewood Studios.

Colbert impressed Annakin with her detailed technical knowledge of lighting and camera work and confided in Annakin that she had never been called upon to do real action scenes in Hollywood and quickly became adept in small arms use.[14]

To shoot the cobra vs mongoose fight, the room set was built in a Ceylon zoo. When several of the local mongooses ran away from the cobra, the zookeeper said "Ï'm afraid our Singhalese mongooses are not used to fighting; I'll have to get you some North-Indian variety". Imported from Madras, the Indian mongoose engaged in a true fight to the finish with the cobra.[15]

Reception

Box office

The film was the sixth most popular movie of the year at the British box office in 1952, after The Greatest Show on Earth, Where No Vultures Fly, Son of Paleface. Ivanhoe and Mandy. It was followed by The Quiet Man, World In His Arms, Angel One Five, Reluctant Heroes, The African Queen and The Sound Barrier.[16][17][18]

However, despite Colbert's presence, the film only took £32,000 in the United States.[8]

Critical

The critic from the Daily Worker called it "the most viciously dishonest war propaganda picture yet made in Britain."[19]

The Los Angeles Times said "the atmosphere is more plausible than the melodrama."[20]

Legacy

Ken Annakin later said he was "quite proud" of the film.[21] The success of the movie led to Rank's head of production Earl St John to commission another colonial war film, about Britain's struggle against the Mau Mau, Simba.[6]

References

  1. ^ PLANTER'S WIFE, The Monthly Film Bulletin; London Vol. 19, Iss. 216, (Jan 1, 1952): 155.
  2. ^ Hollywood Notes The Christian Science Monitor 9 Sep 1952: 7
  3. ^ "THE PLANTER'S WIFE". The Australian Women's Weekly. National Library of Australia. 11 March 1953. p. 29. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  4. ^ "Anthony Steele on the way up". The Mail. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 26 January 1952. p. 7 Supplement: SUNDAY MAGAZINE. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  5. ^ "U.K. honor to Jane Wyman". The Mail. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 10 May 1952. p. 7 Supplement: SUNDAY MAGAZINE. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  6. ^ a b Harper, Sue; Porter, Vincent (2003). British Cinema of the 1950s: The Decline of Deference. Oxford University Press. p. 44-45.
  7. ^ p, 61 Annakin, Ken So You Wanna Be a Director? Tomahawk Press 2001
  8. ^ a b "WHAT'S NEWS IN THE MOVIE WORLD". Sunday Times. Perth: National Library of Australia. 28 November 1954. p. 39. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
  9. ^ Looking at Hollywood: Fred Allen's Loyalty Takes Him to Coast Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune 20 Dec 1951: s2.
  10. ^ Lalo Rios Will Star in 'Ring;' Eve Arden Set as Douglas Partner Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 8 Jan 1952: B7.
  11. ^ "WANT MALAYAN STARLET". The Northern Standard. Darwin, NT: National Library of Australia. 6 June 1952. p. 6. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  12. ^ "FILMS' CHAMPION MOTHER". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 28 August 1952. p. 7 Section: Women's Section. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  13. ^ Drama: Victor Mature Costars With Esther Williams Los Angeles Times ]28 Nov 1951: A8.
  14. ^ p.64 Annakin
  15. ^ p. 64 Annakin
  16. ^ "COMEDIAN TOPS FILM POLL". The Sunday Herald. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 28 December 1952. p. 4. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  17. ^ U. S. STARS TOP WORLD IN BRITISH FILM POLL New York Times 27 Dec 1952: 5.
  18. ^ Thumim, Janet. "The popular cash and culture in the postwar British cinema industry". Screen. Vol. 32, no. 3. p. 259.
  19. ^ "Douglas Brass's". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. 22 September 1952. p. 4. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  20. ^ Colbert in Difficulties in Malaya Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times 8 Dec 1952: B11
  21. ^ Brian McFarlane, An Autobiography of British Cinema by the Actors and Filmmakers Who Made It, Methuen 1997 p 26
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