List of official languages: Difference between revisions

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'''[[Armenian language|Armenian]]''':
'''[[Armenian language|Armenian]]''':
* [[Armenia]]<ref>[http://www.president.am/library/constitution/eng/?pn=1 Article 12. Constitution of Armenia]</ref>{{Dead link|date=December 2017|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901000000*/http://www.president.am/library/constitution/eng/?pn=1}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/|title=Armenian Constitution (article 20, English Translation)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref>
* [[Armenia]]<ref>[http://www.president.am/library/constitution/eng/?pn=1 Article 12. Constitution of Armenia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220065003/http://president.am///library/constitution/eng/?pn=1 |date=20 December 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/|title=Armenian Constitution (article 20, English Translation)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref>
* [[Nagorno-Karabakh]]<ref>[http://www.nkr.am/en/constitution/9/ Article 15. Constitution of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]</ref> (independence disputed)
* [[Nagorno-Karabakh]]<ref>[http://www.nkr.am/en/constitution/9/ Article 15. Constitution of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]</ref> (independence disputed)


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'''[[Bengali language|Bengali]]''':
'''[[Bengali language|Bengali]]''':
* [[Bangladesh]]<ref>[http://www.parliament.gov.bd/Constitution_English/part1.htm 3. The state language. Constitution of Bangladesh]</ref>
* [[Bangladesh]]<ref>[http://www.parliament.gov.bd/Constitution_English/part1.htm 3. The state language. Constitution of Bangladesh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615150032/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/Constitution_English/part1.htm |date=15 June 2012 }}</ref>
* [[India]] (with 21 other regional languages, and with [[English language|English]] as a link language)
* [[India]] (with 21 other regional languages, and with [[English language|English]] as a link language)


'''[[Berber language|Berber]]''':
'''[[Berber language|Berber]]''':
* [[Algeria]] (with Arabic)<ref name="Algeria">[http://www.el-mouradia.dz/francais/symbole/textes/symbolefr.htm Loi n<sup>o</sup>02-03 du 27 Moharram 1423 correspondant au 10 avril 2002 portant révision constitutionnelle].</ref>
* [[Algeria]] (with Arabic)<ref name="Algeria">[http://www.el-mouradia.dz/francais/symbole/textes/symbolefr.htm Loi n<sup>o</sup>02-03 du 27 Moharram 1423 correspondant au 10 avril 2002 portant révision constitutionnelle].</ref>
* [[Morocco]] (with Arabic)<ref name=Maroc>[http://www.maroc.ma/NR/rdonlyres/2298ADD6-703C-471E-B924-A5E4F396FEA2/0/TexteintégralduprojetdenouvelleConstitution.pdf Article 5. Constitution du Maroc]</ref>
* [[Morocco]] (with Arabic)<ref name=Maroc>[http://www.maroc.ma/NR/rdonlyres/2298ADD6-703C-471E-B924-A5E4F396FEA2/0/TexteintégralduprojetdenouvelleConstitution.pdf Article 5. Constitution du Maroc] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518075239/http://www.maroc.ma/NR/rdonlyres/2298ADD6-703C-471E-B924-A5E4F396FEA2/0/Texteint%C3%A9gralduprojetdenouvelleConstitution.pdf |date=18 May 2012 }}</ref>


'''[[Biali language|Biali]]''':
'''[[Biali language|Biali]]''':
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* [[Malta]] (with [[Maltese language|Maltese]])
* [[Malta]] (with [[Maltese language|Maltese]])
* [[Marshall Islands]] (with [[Marshallese language|Marshallese]])
* [[Marshall Islands]] (with [[Marshallese language|Marshallese]])
* [[Mauritius]] (with [[French language|French]])<ref name=Mauritius>[http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/AssemblySite/menuitem.ee3d58b2c32c60451251701065c521ca/?content_id=4cb54555fc808010VgnVCM100000ca6a12acRCRD#parliament Article 49. Constitution of Mauritius]</ref>
* [[Mauritius]] (with [[French language|French]])<ref name=Mauritius>[http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/AssemblySite/menuitem.ee3d58b2c32c60451251701065c521ca/?content_id=4cb54555fc808010VgnVCM100000ca6a12acRCRD#parliament Article 49. Constitution of Mauritius] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302063320/http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/AssemblySite/menuitem.ee3d58b2c32c60451251701065c521ca/?content_id=4cb54555fc808010VgnVCM100000ca6a12acRCRD |date=2 March 2009 }}</ref>
* [[Federated States of Micronesia|Micronesia, Federated States of]]
* [[Federated States of Micronesia|Micronesia, Federated States of]]
* [[Namibia]] (Afrikaans, German, and Oshiwambo are spoken regionally)<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/wa00000_.html
* [[Namibia]] (Afrikaans, German, and Oshiwambo are spoken regionally)<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/wa00000_.html
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* Italy (in South Tyrol)
* Italy (in South Tyrol)
* [[Namibia]] (with [[Afrikaans]] and [[English language|English]])
* [[Namibia]] (with [[Afrikaans]] and [[English language|English]])
* Switzerland (with [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], and [[Romansh language|Romansh]])<ref name=Suisse>[http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/1/101.fr.pdf Article 4. Constitution fédérale de la Confédération Suisse]</ref>{{Dead link|date=December 2017}}<ref name=":0" />
* Switzerland (with [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], and [[Romansh language|Romansh]])<ref name=Suisse>[http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/1/101.fr.pdf Article 4. Constitution fédérale de la Confédération Suisse] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125005213/http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/1/101.fr.pdf |date=25 November 2011 }}</ref><ref name=":0" />
** 17 of the [[Cantons of Switzerland|26 cantons]] (monolingually [[German language|German]])
** 17 of the [[Cantons of Switzerland|26 cantons]] (monolingually [[German language|German]])
** [[Graubünden]] (with [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[Romansh language|Romansh]])
** [[Graubünden]] (with [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[Romansh language|Romansh]])
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'''[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]''':
'''[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]''':
* [[Indonesia]] (a standardized dialect of Malay)<ref name=Indonesia>[http://www.embassyofindonesia.org/about/pdf/IndonesianConstitution.pdf Article 36. Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia]</ref>
* [[Indonesia]] (a standardized dialect of Malay)<ref name=Indonesia>[http://www.embassyofindonesia.org/about/pdf/IndonesianConstitution.pdf Article 36. Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/68lbEKRTP?url=http://www.embassyofindonesia.org/about/pdf/IndonesianConstitution.pdf |date=28 June 2012 }}</ref>


'''[[Irish language|Irish]]''':
'''[[Irish language|Irish]]''':
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'''[[Russian language|Russian]]''':
'''[[Russian language|Russian]]''':
* Russia (in some regions together with regional languages)<ref name=Russia>[http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-01.htm Article 68. Constitution of the Russian Federation]</ref>
* Russia (in some regions together with regional languages)<ref name=Russia>[http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-01.htm Article 68. Constitution of the Russian Federation]</ref>
* [[Abkhazia]] (with [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] according to the Abkhazian constitution;<ref name=Abkhazia>{{ref-ru}} [http://www.abkhaziagov.org/ru/state/sovereignty/ Статья 6. Конституция Республики Абхазия]</ref> independence is disputed)
* [[Abkhazia]] (with [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] according to the Abkhazian constitution;<ref name=Abkhazia>{{ref-ru}} [http://www.abkhaziagov.org/ru/state/sovereignty/ Статья 6. Конституция Республики Абхазия] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321022823/http://abkhaziagov.org/ru/state/sovereignty/ |date=21 March 2009 }}</ref> independence is disputed)
* [[Belarus]] (with Belarusian)<ref name=Belarus/>
* [[Belarus]] (with Belarusian)<ref name=Belarus/>
* [[Kazakhstan]] (with Kazakh)<ref name=Kazakhstan/>
* [[Kazakhstan]] (with Kazakh)<ref name=Kazakhstan/>
Line 851: Line 851:


'''[[Swahili language|Swahili]]''':
'''[[Swahili language|Swahili]]''':
* [[Kenya]] (with English)<ref>[http://www.parliament.go.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=79 Article 7. The Constitution of Kenya (2010)]</ref>
* [[Kenya]] (with English)<ref>[http://www.parliament.go.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=79 Article 7. The Constitution of Kenya (2010)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504064750/http://www.parliament.go.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=79 |date=4 May 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Tanzania]] (de facto; with English)
* [[Tanzania]] (de facto; with English)
* [[Uganda]] (since 2005; with English)
* [[Uganda]] (since 2005; with English)
Line 1,335: Line 1,335:


'''[[Finnish language|Finnish]]:
'''[[Finnish language|Finnish]]:
* [[Republic of Karelia|Karelia]] (''authorized language''; with Karelian and Veps)<ref name=Karelia>[http://www.karelia-zs.ru/reestr/010000000/010030000/010030020/12040267181.html Law of the Republic of Karelia ''On state support of Karelian, Veps and Finnish languages in the Republic of Karelia'']</ref>
* [[Republic of Karelia|Karelia]] (''authorized language''; with Karelian and Veps)<ref name=Karelia>[http://www.karelia-zs.ru/reestr/010000000/010030000/010030020/12040267181.html Law of the Republic of Karelia ''On state support of Karelian, Veps and Finnish languages in the Republic of Karelia''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118230257/http://www.karelia-zs.ru/reestr/010000000/010030000/010030020/12040267181.html |date=18 January 2012 }}</ref>


'''[[French language|French]]''':
'''[[French language|French]]''':
Line 1,475: Line 1,475:


'''[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]:
'''[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]:
* [[Altay Republic|Republic of Altay]] (''official language''; in localities with Kazakh population)<ref>[http://altai.regionz.ru/index.php?ds=1323854 Article 4 of the Law of the Republic of Altay ''On languages'']</ref>
* [[Altay Republic|Republic of Altay]] (''official language''; in localities with Kazakh population)<ref>[http://altai.regionz.ru/index.php?ds=1323854 Article 4 of the Law of the Republic of Altay ''On languages''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811092858/http://altai.regionz.ru/index.php?ds=1323854 |date=11 August 2011 }}</ref>
* part of the [[People's Republic of China]]
* part of the [[People's Republic of China]]
** [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture|Ili]], with Chinese (Mandarin)
** [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture|Ili]], with Chinese (Mandarin)
Line 1,498: Line 1,498:
'''[[Komi-Permyak language|Komi-Permyak]]:
'''[[Komi-Permyak language|Komi-Permyak]]:
* [[Perm Krai]]
* [[Perm Krai]]
** [[Komi-Permyak Okrug]] (''official language'')<ref>[http://www.admin.permkrai.ru/docs/ Article 42 of the Statute of the Perm Krai]</ref>
** [[Komi-Permyak Okrug]] (''official language'')<ref>[http://www.admin.permkrai.ru/docs/ Article 42 of the Statute of the Perm Krai] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903080557/http://www.admin.permkrai.ru/docs/ |date=3 September 2011 }}</ref>


'''[[Korean language|Korean]]''':
'''[[Korean language|Korean]]''':

Revision as of 03:04, 1 January 2018

See also: List of official languages by country and territory

This is a list of official languages of sovereign countries.

Official languages of supra-national institutions

Different organisations sometimes refer to their principal languages of administration and communication as "working languages", whilst others refer to these as being "official".

Official languages of sovereign countries

A

Afar:

Afrikaans:

Aja-Gbe:

Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante):

Albanian:

Amazigh:

Amharic:

Anii:

Arabic (see also List of countries where Arabic is an official language):

Armenian:

Assamese:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language)

Aymara:

Azerbaijani:

B

Balanta:

Bambara:

Bariba:

Bassari:

Bedik:

Belarusian:

Bengali:

Berber:

Biali:

Bislama:

Boko:

Bomu:

Bosnian:

Bozo:

Buduma:

Bulgarian:

Burmese:

  • Burma (called Myanmar in the constitution)[20]

C

Cantonese:

Catalan:

Chinese, Mandarin:

Chichewa:

Chirbawe (Sena):

Comorian

Croatian:

Czech:

  • Czech Republic
  • Slovakia (legislation states that a person using Czech language at a Slovak institution must be treated as if using Slovak language)

D

Dagaare:

Dagbani:

Dangme

Danish:

Dari:

  • Afghanistan (a local variant of Persian, but defined as "Dari" in the Afghan constitution; together with Pashto)[25]

Dendi:

Dhivehi:

Dioula:

Dogon:

Dutch:

Dzongkha:

E

English (see also List of countries where English is an official language):

Estonian:

Ewe-Gbe:

F

Fijian:

Filipino:

Finnish:

Fon-Gbe:

Foodo:

French (see also List of countries where French is an official language):

Fula:

G

Ga:

Gàidhlig:

Gbe:

Gen-Gbe:

Georgian:

German:

Gonja:

Gourmanché

Greek:

Guaraní:

Gujarati:

  • India

H

Haitian Creole:

Hassaniya:

Hausa:

Hebrew:

Hindi:

Hiri Motu:

Hungarian:

I

Igbo:

Icelandic:

Indonesian:

Irish:

Italian:

J

Japanese:

  • Japan (de facto)

Jola:

K

Kabye:

Kalanga:

Kannada:;

  • India (with 21 other regional Languages, and with English as a link language)[citation needed


Kanuri:

Kasem:

Kazakh:

Khmer:

Kinyarwanda:

Kirundi:

Kissi

Khoisan:

Korean:

Kpelle:

Kurdish:

Kyrgyz:

L

Lao:

Latin:

Latvian:

Lithuanian:

Lukpa:

Luxembourgish:

M

Macedonian:

Malagasy:

Malay:

Malinke:

Maltese:

Mamara:

Manding (Mandinka, Malinke):

Mandinka:

Mandjak:

Mankanya:

Manx Gaelic:

Māori:

  • New Zealand (with English and New Zealand Sign Language)

Marshallese:

Mbelime:

Moldovan

Mongolian:

Montenegrin:

Mossi:

N

Nambya:

Nateni:

Nauruan

Ndau:

Ndebele (Northern):

Ndebele (Southern):

Nepali:

New Zealand Sign Language:

  • New Zealand (with English and Māori)

Noon:

North Korean:

Northern Sotho:

Norwegian:

  • Norway (two official written forms - Bokmål and Nynorsk)

Nzema:

O

Oniyan:

Ossetian:

P

Palauan:

Papiamento:

Pashto:

Persian:

Polish:

Portuguese:

Q

Quechua:

R

Romanian:

Romansh:

Russian:

S

Safen:

Samoa

Sango

Sena:

Serbian:

Serer:

Seychellois Creole

Shona:

Sinhala:

Slovak:

Slovene:

Somali:

Songhay-Zarma:

Soninke:

Sotho:

Spanish:

Susu:

Swahili:

Swati:

Swedish:

Syenara:

T

Tajik:

Tagalog:

Tamasheq:

Tamil:

Tammari:

Tasawaq:

Tebu:

Telugu:

Tetum:

Thai:

Tigrinya:

Tok Pisin:

Toma:

Tonga:

Tongan

Tsonga:

Tswana:

Turkish:

Turkmen:

Tuvaluan

U

Ukrainian:

Urdu:

  • Pakistan (with English)
  • Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Hindustani as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi.)

Uzbek:

V

Venda:

Vietnamese:

W

Waama:

Waci-Gbe:

Wamey:

Welsh:

Wolof:

X

Xhosa:

Xwela-Gbe:

Y

Yobe:

Yom:

Yoruba:

Z

Zimbabwean sign language:

Zulu:

Number of countries with the same official language

This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official (or with a national language status).

Language World Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Countries
English 59 24 16 4 3 12 India, United States, Pakistan, United Kingdom. See the full list
French 29 21 2 - 5 1 France, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Canada, Madagascar. See the full list
Arabic 27 14 - 13 - - Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Morocco. See the full list
Spanish 21 1 19 - 1 - Spain, Mexico, Equatorial Guinea, Easter Island in (Oceania). See the full list
Portuguese 10 6 1 2 1 - Brazil, Portugal, Mozambique, Angola. See full list
Russian 8 - - 3 5 - Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Abkhazia*, South Ossetia*, Transnistria*. See also the full list
German 7 1 - - 6 - Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Namibia
Fula 7 7 - - - - Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal
Italian 4 - - - 4 - Italy, San Marino, Switzerland, Vatican City
Malay 4 - - 4 - - Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei
Manding 4 4 - - - - Burkina Faso (Dioula), Guinea (Malinke), Mali (Bambara), Senegal (Maninka)
Northern Sami 4 - - - 4 - Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia
Swahili 4 4 - - - - Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Danish 3 - 1 - 2 - Denmark, Faroe Island*, Greenland*
Dutch 3 - 1 - 2 - Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname
Gbe 3 3 - - - - Benin, Ghana, Togo
Tamil 3 - - 3 - - India, Singapore, Sri Lanka
Persian 3 - - 3 - - Iran, Afghanistan (known as Dari), Tajikistan (known as Tajik)
Romanian 3 - - - 3 - Romania, Moldova, Transnistria*
Serbian 3 - - - 3 - Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*
Somali 3 3 - - - - Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland*
Soninke 3 3 - - - - Mali, Mauritania, Senegal
Tswana 3 3 - - - - Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Mandarin Chinese 2 - - 2 - - China, Singapore
Bengali 2 - - 2 - - Bangladesh, India
Albanian 2 - - - 2 - Albania and Kosovo*
Aymara & Quechua 2 - 2 - - - Bolivia and Peru
Berber 2 2 - - - - Algeria and Morocco
Catalan 2 - - - 2 - Andorra and Spain
Chichewa 2 2 - - - - Malawi and Zimbabwe
Croatian 2 - - - 2 - Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Greek 2 - - - 2 - Greece and Cyprus
Hausa 2 2 - - - - Niger and Nigeria
Hindi 2 - - 1 - 1 India and Fiji
Korean 2 - - 2 - - North Korea and South Korea
Lingala 2 2 - - - - Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of the Congo
Samoan 2 - - - - 2 American Samoa and Samoa
Slovak 2 - - - 2 - Slovakia and Czech Republic
Songhay-Zarma 2 2 - - - - Mali, Niger
Sotho 2 2 - - - - Lesotho and South Africa
Swati 2 2 - - - - Swaziland and South Africa
Swedish 2 - - - 2 - Sweden and Finland
Tamasheq 2 2 - - - - Mali and Niger
Tigrinya 2 2 - - - - Eritrea and Ethiopia
Turkish 2 - - - 2 - Turkey and Cyprus
Ukrainian 2 - - - 2 - Ukraine and Transnistria*
Venda 2 2 - - - - South Africa and Zimbabwe
Wolof 2 2 - - - - Mauritania and Senegal
Xhosa 2 2 - - - - South Africa and Zimbabwe
Finnish 1 - - - 1 - Finland
Norwegian 1 - - - 1 - Norway
Icelandic 1 - - - 1 - Iceland
Note
Asterisk shows the countries which independence is disputed

Official regional and minority languages

Abaza:

Adyghe:

Aghul:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[61]

Aklanon:

  • Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[62]

Albanian:

  • Serbia (in Kosovo and several municipalities in Central-Serbia)
  • Macedonia (in some municipalities)

Albanian:

Altay:

Arabic:

Aranese see Occitan

Armenian:

Assamese:

Avar:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[61]

Azeri:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[61]

Balkar:

Bashkir:

Basque:

Bengali:

Bikol:

  • Luzon and Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[62]

Bosnian:

Buryat:

Cantonese Chinese:

Catalan:

Cebuano:

  • Luzon and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[62]

Chavacano:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[62]

Chechen:

Cherkess:

Cherokee:

Chipewyan:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Chukchi:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Chukchi population)[70]

Chuvash

Cree:

  • Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Crimean Tatar

  • Crimea (with Russian and Ukrainian)

Croatian:

Dargwa:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[61]

Dolgan:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Dolgan population)[70]

Dutch:

English:

  • parts of Canada:
See also: Official language by province and [[:l1=Official language by province]]
  • The United Kingdom:

Erzya:

Even:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Even population)[70]

Evenki:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Evenki population)[70]

Faroese:

Finnish:

  • Karelia (authorized language; with Karelian and Veps)[73]

French:

  • parts of Canada

Frisian (West):

Gagauz:

Galician:

  • part of Spain

German:

Greek:

Guaraní:

Gujarati:

Gwich'in:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Hawaiian:

Hiligaynon:

  • Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[62]

Hindi:

Hungarian:

Ibanag:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[62]

Ilocano:

  • Luzon and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan.)[62]

Ingush:

Inuinnaqtun:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
  • Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)

Inuktitut:

  • Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuinnaqtun)
  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Inuvialuktun:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Irish:

Italian:

Ivatan:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[62]

Japanese:

Kabardian

Kalaallisut:

Kalmyk:

Kannada:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Kapampangan:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ibanag, Ivatan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[62]

Karachay:

Karelian:

  • Karelia (authorized language; with Finnish and Veps)[73]

Kashmiri:

Kazakh:

Khakas:

Khanty:

Kinaray-a:

  • Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[62]

Komi:

Komi-Permyak:

Korean:

Kumyk:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[61]

Kyrgyz:

Lak:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[61]

Lezgian

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[61]

Macedonian:*part of Albania

Maguindanao:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[62]

Malayalam:

Mansi:

Maranao:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[62]

Marathi:

Mari (Hill and Meadow):

Mayan:

Moksha:

Mongolian:

Náhuatl:

  • Mexico (*only recognized)
  • El Salvador (*only recognized)

Nenets:

Nepali:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Nogai:

Occitan:

Odia:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Ossetic (Digor and Iron dialects):

Pangasinan:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[62]

Portuguese:*part of the People's Republic of China

Punjabi:

Romanian:

  • Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak and Ruthenian)

Russian. Russian is fixed as a state language in the Constitutions of the republics of the Russian Federation:

Rusyn:

  • Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak)
  • Ukraine
    • Zakarapts'ka region (with Ukrainian, Hungarian)

Rutul:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[61]

Sakha:

Sambal:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, and Tagalog)[62]

Sami:

  • Finland (in four municipalities)
  • Norway (in six municipalities in two provinces)
  • Sweden (in four municipalities and surrounding municipalities)

Sanskrit:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Saraiki

Sarikoli:

Scottish Gaelic:

  • Scotland (United Kingdom) (with English and Scots)

Scots:

Selkup:

Serbian:

Sindhi:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)
  • Pakistan (Official language in the Province of Sindh along with Urdu and English)

North and South Slavey:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Slovak:

  • part of Serbia
  • Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian and Ruthenian)

Slovene:

Spanish:

Surigaonon:

  • Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[62]

Tabasaran:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[61]

Tagalog:

  • Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[62]

Tahitian:

Tamil:

Tat:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[61]

Tatar:

Tausug:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Maranao, and Yakan)[62]

Telugu:

Tibetan:

Tłįchǫ:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, and South Slavey)

Tsakhur:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[61]

Tswana:

Turkish:

Tuvan:

Udmurt:

Urdu:

Uyghur:

Veps:

  • Karelia (authorized language; with Finnish and Karelian)[73]

Vietnamese:

Waray:

Welsh:

  • Wales (United Kingdom) (with English)

Yakan:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Tausug)[62]

Yiddish:

Yukaghir:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Yukaghir population)[70]

Zhuang:

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Section 6. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Article 14. Albanian Constitution
  3. ^ Article 5. Kosovo Constitution Archived 21 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Article 5. Ethiopian Constitution
  5. ^ a b Article 4. Constitution of Iraq Archived 13 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b Article 5. Constitution du Maroc Archived 18 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Loi n° 2001-037 du 31 décembre 2001 fixant les modalités de promotion et de développement des langues nationales
  8. ^ Article 12. Constitution of Armenia Archived 20 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "Armenian Constitution (article 20, English Translation)". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  10. ^ Article 15. Constitution of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
  11. ^ a b c d Artículo 5. Constitución Política del Estado
  12. ^ a b c Artículo 48. Constitución Política del Perú
  13. ^ Article 21. Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan
  14. ^ a b Article 17. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus Archived 16 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ 3. The state language. Constitution of Bangladesh Archived 15 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ Loi no02-03 du 27 Moharram 1423 correspondant au 10 avril 2002 portant révision constitutionnelle.
  17. ^ a b c Article 3. Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu
  18. ^ a b c Hilary Footitt; Michael Kelly (2012). Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-230-36877-4.
  19. ^ Article 3. Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
  20. ^ Article 450. Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
  21. ^ Article 2. La Constitució del Principat d’Andorra
  22. ^ a b c d Articles 44, 53, 123. Constitution of the Republic of Singapore
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Constitution of Zimbabwe 2013, Africatime.com, 22 March 2013
  24. ^ Article 12. Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
  25. ^ a b c Article 16. Constitution of Afghanistan
  26. ^ Article 11. Constitution of the Republic of Maldives
  27. ^ Article 1. Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ a b c Section 4. Fiji Constitution
  29. ^ a b "Article 8. Constitution of Ireland 1937" (PDF). p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2012.
  30. ^ Article 152 - National Language and Other Languages, Constitution of Malaysia
  31. ^ a b Article 49. Constitution of Mauritius Archived 2 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ Namibia - Constitution, servat.unibe.ch/icl (International Constitutional Law collection), 1990, retrieved 2 May 2008 (Article 3)
  33. ^ a b Article 18. Constitution de la République Centrafricaine
  34. ^ a b Article 5. La Constitution de la République d’Haïti
  35. ^ a b c d Article 4. Constitution fédérale de la Confédération Suisse Archived 25 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ a b c d "Switzerlands constitution of 1999" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  37. ^ a b Article 8. Constitution of Georgia
  38. ^ a b c Template:Ref-ru Статья 4. Конституция Республики Южная Осетия Archived 11 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ^ a b App. D., Part 1, Art. 3. Constitution of Cyprus
  40. ^ a b Artículo 140. Constituciones de la ública del Paraguay
  41. ^ a b c Article 55. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
  42. ^ "Axis Translations". Axis Translations. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  43. ^ Part XVII. Constitution of India
  44. ^ Article H. Fundamental Law of Hungary
  45. ^ a b Article 36. Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Archived 28 June 2012 at WebCite
  46. ^ a b Article 7. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan Archived 20 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  47. ^ Article 5. Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia
  48. ^ a b Minahan, James B. (2014). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-61069-018-8.
  49. ^ a b Template:Ref-ru Статья 10. Конституция Кыргызской Республики
  50. ^ Article 13. Constitution of the Republic of Moldova
  51. ^ a b c Article 12. Constitution of the Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublica
  52. ^ a b c Article 2. Constitution of Tajikistan
  53. ^ Article 68. Constitution of the Russian Federation
  54. ^ Template:Ref-ru Статья 6. Конституция Республики Абхазия Archived 21 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  55. ^ Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws - e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) „Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz
  56. ^ "Constitution of Paraguay 1992" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  57. ^ Section 3. Spanish Constitution
  58. ^ Article 7. The Constitution of Kenya (2010) Archived 4 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  59. ^ a b c d e Article 11 of the Constitution of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
  60. ^ a b Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Adygea
  61. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Dagestan
  62. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s DepEd adds 7 languages to mother tongue-based education for Kinder to Grade 3. GMA News. 13 July 2013.
  63. ^ a b Article 13 of the Constitution of the Republic of Altay
  64. ^ a b c Article 76 of the Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
  65. ^ a b Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan
  66. ^ a b Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Buryatia
  67. ^ Article 108 of the Statute of the Zabaykalsky Krai
  68. ^ a b Article 10 of the Constitution of the Chechen Republic
  69. ^ "The Cherokee Nation & its Language" (PDF). University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition. 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  70. ^ a b c d e Article 6 of the Law of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) On languages in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
  71. ^ a b Article 8 of the Constitution of the Chuvash Republic
  72. ^ a b c Article 12 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mordovia
  73. ^ a b c Law of the Republic of Karelia On state support of Karelian, Veps and Finnish languages in the Republic of Karelia Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  74. ^ a b Article 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ingushetia
  75. ^ a b Article 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kalmykia
  76. ^ Article 4 of the Law of the Republic of Altay On languages Archived 11 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  77. ^ a b Article 69 of the Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia
  78. ^ a b c Law of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug On the languages of the aboriginal minorities of the North living within the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
  79. ^ a b c Law of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug On native languages of the aboriginal minorities of the North within the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
  80. ^ a b Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Komi
  81. ^ Article 42 of the Statute of the Perm Krai Archived 3 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  82. ^ a b Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mari El
  83. ^ a b Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia—Alania
  84. ^ Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Karelia
  85. ^ a b Article 46 of the Constitution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
  86. ^ a b Article 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan
  87. ^ a b Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tyva
  88. ^ a b Article 8 of the Constitution of the Udmurt Republic
  89. ^ a b c d e f g h "Treće izvješće Republike Hrvatske o primjeni Europske povelje o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima" (PDF). Government of Croatia. August 2006. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  90. ^ a b c d e f g h i Government of Croatia. "NAPUTAK ZA DOSLJEDNU PROVEDBU ZAKONA O UPORABI JEZIKA I PISMA NACIONALNIH MANJINA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ". Narodne novine. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  91. ^ a b c "Registar Geografskih Imena Nacionalnih Manjina Republike Hrvatske" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  92. ^ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/02/english-official-language-border-bilingual_n_1249307.html
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