2017 Catalan regional election: Difference between revisions

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== Election campaign ==
=== Campaign slogans ===
* [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes]] (ERC–CatSí): ''La democràcia semper guanya''. ('Democracy always wins').
* [[Citizens (Spanish political party)]] (Cs): ''Ara si votarem''. ('Now we will vote').
* [[Together for Catalonia]] (JuntsxCat): ''Puigdemont, the president nostre''. ('Puigdemont, our president').
* [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia]]: ''Solucions, ara Iceta''. ('Solutions, now Iceta').
* [[Catalonia in Common–We Can]] (CatComú–Podem): ''Tenim molt en comú''. ('We have much in common').
* [[Popular Unity Candidacy]] (CUP): '' Dempeus ''. ('Standing').
* [[People's Party of Catalonia]] (PP): ''Espanya is the solution''. ('Spain is the solution').
* [[Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals]] (PACMA): ''Catalunya, more porcs than people''. ('Catalonia, more pigs than people').
* [[The Greens-Green Group]]: ('The left that says no to independence, no to cuts').
* [[For a More Fair World]] (PUM+J): ('Ending poverty is a political decision').


==Notes==
==Notes==

Revision as of 02:14, 22 December 2017

Catalan regional election, 2017
← 2015 21 December 2017
All 135 seats in the Parliament of Catalonia
68 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered5,553,983 0.8%[1]
Turnout4,358,995 (81.9%)
7.0 pp
  First party Second party Third party
  File:Inés Arrimadas 2017 (cropped).jpg
Leader Inés Arrimadas Carles Puigdemont[a] Oriol Junqueras[a]
Party Cs JuntsxCat ERC
Leader since 3 July 2015 13 November 2017 17 September 2011
Leader's seat Barcelona Girona Barcelona
Last election 25 seats, 17.9% 31 seats, 19.8%[b] 26 seats, 16.6%[b]
Seats won 37 34 32
Seat change 12 3 6
Popular vote 1,101,574 940,414 929,061
Percentage 25.4% 21.7% 21.4%
Swing 7.5 pp 1.9 pp 4.8 pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
  File:Miquel Iceta 2017b (cropped).jpg
Leader Miquel Iceta Xavier Domènech Carles Riera
Party PSC–PSOE Catalunya en Comú–Podem CUP
Leader since 19 July 2014 8 April 2017 15 November 2017
Leader's seat Barcelona Barcelona Barcelona
Last election 16 seats, 12.7% 11 seats, 8.9%[c] 10 seats, 8.2%
Seats won 17 8 4
Seat change 1 3 6
Popular vote 602,616 323,460 193,285
Percentage 13.9% 7.5% 4.5%
Swing 1.2 pp 1.4 pp 3.7 pp
  Seventh party
 
Leader Xavier García Albiol
Party PP
Leader since 28 July 2015
Leader's seat Barcelona
Last election 11 seats, 8.5%
Seats won 3
Seat change 8
Popular vote 184,005
Percentage 4.2%
Swing 4.3 pp
Constituency results map for the Parliament of Catalonia
President before election

Office suspended
(previously Carles Puigdemont)
Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría
(as Minister for Territorial Administrations)

 Elected President

TBD

The 2017 Catalan regional election was held on Thursday, 21 December 2017, to elect the 12th Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was called by Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy after the invocation of Article 155 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and his declaring the entire Catalan government removed from office.[2]

After the 2015 election, pro-Catalan independence parties held a majority in the Parliament, but incumbent President Artur Mas and his Junts pel Sí (JxSí) alliance—made up primarily by Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) and Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)—required support from the Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) to get to office. However, the CUP's decision to vote against his investiture forced Mas to withdraw his bid for re-election as President at the last minute, in order to prevent a new election, and with mayor of Girona Carles Puigdemont being elected as President of a CDC–ERC coalition instead.[3] Shortly thereafter, CDC was re-founded as the Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT).[4]

On 27 October 2017, the pro-independence majority in the Catalan parliament voted in favour of a unilateral declaration of independence, just hours before the Spanish Senate voted to invoke Article 155 of the Spanish Constitution.[5][6] After the invocation of Article 155 Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy sacked the Catalan government and dissolved the Parliament, calling a regional election for 21 December.[7][2]

Overview

Background

Government formation
Main article: 2015–16 Catalan government formation

The 2015 election resulted in pro-Catalan independence Junts pel Sí (JxSí) (a coalition comprising the two main centre-right and centre-left Catalan parties at the time, Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) and Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), together with several minor parties) and Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) holding a slim majority of seats, despite not securing a majority of votes as was their objective. President Artur Mas' JxSí coalition also fell short of its goal to secure an absolute majority on its own, obtaining 62 seats against the combined 63 of the remaining opposition parties.[8] Thus, Mas found himself depending on CUP's support for securing his nomination to be re-elected to the office. The CUP, however, had difficulty in supporting Mas, whom they viewed as personally tainted by several corruption scandals involving his party, CDC. In the end, a last minute deal was struck between JxSí and the CUP to ensure a pro-independence government, narrowly avoiding a new election being called, this deal resulted in Mas being replaced as President by Carles Puigdemont.[3]

2017 events
Further information: Catalan independence referendum, 2017 and 2017 Spanish constitutional crisis

On 26 October 2017, it was expected that President of the Generalitat of Catalonia Carles Puigdemont would call an election to prevent the enforcement of Article 155 of the Spanish Constitution, which was due to be approved by the Spanish Senate on the following day amid the 2017 Spanish constitutional crisis and which would have resulted in direct rule from the central government in Madrid being imposed over Catalonia.[9] This move sparked outcry within pro-independence ranks, including members within Puigdemont's coalition, who had aimed for a unilateral declaration of independence in response to the Spanish government's move to trigger Article 155.[10][11] Finally, President Puigdemont ruled out calling an election, allegedly because of the Spanish government's refusal to call off the invocation of the Article 155 procedure even were an election to be called by Catalan authorities.[12][13] After Puigdemont's refusal to call an election, a debate over a possible declaration of independence went ahead as planned in the Parliament of Catalonia later that day and into the next day,[5] simultaneous to the Spanish Senate debating the enforcement of direct rule in Catalonia.[7] At the end of the debate, the Catalan parliament voted a unilateral declaration of independence which was backed 70–10, two MPs casting a blank ballot and all MPs from Citizens, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia and the People's Party boycotting the vote.[6] Mariano Rajoy subsequently removed the entire Catalan government from office and declared the Parliament's dissolution, calling a regional election for 21 December 2017.[2]

Puigdemont and part of his dismissed cabinet fled to Belgium on 30 October in a move to avoid action from the Spanish judiciary,[14][15] as the Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza announced a criminal complaint against them for rebellion, sedition and embezzlement.[16][17] On 2 November, the Spanish National Court ordered that eight members of the deposed Catalan government—including former Vice President and ERC leader Oriol Junqueras—be remanded in custody without bail after being summoned to appear to respond to the criminal charges pressed against them, with a ninth—Santi Vila—being granted a €50,000 bail. European Arrest Warrants were issued for Puigdemont and his four other cabinet members in Belgium refusing to attend the hearing.[18][19]

Electoral system

The Parliament of Catalonia is the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Generalitat.[20][21] Voting for the Parliament is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen, registered in Catalonia and not legally barred from voting. Additionally, Catalans abroad are required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[22]

The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of 3 percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold are not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method may result in an effective threshold over three percent, depending on the district magnitude.[23] Seats are allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona. Each constituency is allocated a fixed number of seats: 85 for Barcelona, 17 for Girona, 15 for Lleida and 18 for Tarragona.[20][21][24]

The electoral law provides that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors are allowed to present lists of candidates. However, parties, federations or coalitions who have not obtained a mandate in the Parliament at the preceding election are required to secure at least the signature of 0.1 percent of the electors entered in electoral register of the constituency for which they are seeking election, whereas groupings of electors are required to secure the signature of 1 percent of electors. Electors are barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.[25][26]

Election date

Election day in Sabadell

The term of the Parliament of Catalonia expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The President of the Generalitat was required to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of parliament, with election day taking place within from forty to sixty days after the call.[20][21] The previous election was held on 27 September 2015, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 27 September 2019. The election was required to be called no later than 12 September 2019, with it taking place up to the sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Monday, 11 November 2019.

The President of the Generalitat had the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Catalonia and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous one under this procedure. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.[20][21]

Parties and leaders

After independence was declared by the Parliament of Catalonia on 27 October and Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy announced the Parliament's dissolution and a regional election for 21 December, pro-independence parties debated whether they should contest the election–thus abiding to Spanish law and acknowledging independence did not take place–or boycott it and risking remaining absent from the Parliament in the next legislature.[27][28][29]

On 5 November 2017, the Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT) proposed Carles Puigdemont as their election candidate, who in the previous days had already showed interested in leading the PDeCAT into the 21 December election from Belgium.[30][31] PDeCAT members sought to contest the election into an unitary list formed by pro-independence parties for the right of self-determination and against the use of Article 155, calling for "amnesty of political prisoners".[32] Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) rejected to renew the Junts pel Sí alliance and conditioned its participation into any prospective electoral coalition on it including the Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) and members from Catalunya Sí que es Pot–in reference to the Podemos branch in Catalonia (Podem), led by Albano Dante Fachin, who had increasingly distanced himself from the party's national leadership.[33][34] The CUP dubbed the election as "illegitimate" and rejected contesting the election under their own brand, but did not rule out running under a different label or supporting a unitary pro-independence alliance.[35][36] However, after the CUP ruled out a coalition with other parties on 7 November, ERC rejected a joint candidacy of pro-independence parties and announced it would contest the election on its own.[37][38]

Catalunya en Comú, Ada Colau's party successor to the En Comú Podem electoral alliance which contested the 2015 and 2016 general elections in Catalonia, chose Xavier Domènech as its electoral candidate. Domènech proposed an alliance with Podem, which under Fachin had rejected merging into Colau's party earlier in 2017.[39] Podem's grassroots members voted in favour of an alliance with Catalunya en Comú, after Fachin had resigned as regional party leader over disputes with the national leadership.[40] Both parties announced they would contest the election under the Catalunya en Comú–Podem label.

On 7 November, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) announced an agreement with Units per Avançar (English: United to Advance), the wing of the defunct party Democratic Union of Catalonia that rejected separatism in 2015, to integrate some of its members in its list and hopefully add the near 102,000 votes collected by this party at the previous election, which were not enough to gain representation of their own. The agreement has been denied to be a proper coalition; as such, PSC will run under its own name only.[41]

On 13 November, the PDeCAT announced that it would run under the Junts per Catalunya platform, with Carles Puigdemont at the head of it.[42][43]

Parties and coalitions Composition Ideology Candidate Seats at
dissolution
bgcolor="Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color"| Cs Citizens–Party of the Citizenry
Ciudadanos–Partido de la Ciudadanía 		Liberalism
Secularism 		Inés Arrimadas
37 / 135
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Junts per Catalunya/meta/color"| JuntsxCat Together for Catalonia
Junts per Catalunya
List
 Catalan independentism
Regionalism 		Carles Puigdemont
34 / 135
bgcolor="Template:Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes/meta/color"| ERC–CatSí Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes
Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya–Catalunya Sí
List
 Catalan independentism
Social democracy 		Oriol Junqueras
32 / 135
bgcolor="Template:Socialists' Party of Catalonia/meta/color"| PSC–PSOE Socialists' Party of Catalonia
Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya 		Federalism
Social democracy 		Miquel Iceta
17 / 135
bgcolor="Template:Catalunya en Comú–Podem/meta/color"| CatComú–Podem Catalonia in Common–We Can
Catalunya en Comú–Podem
List
 Eco-socialism
Democratic socialism 		Xavier Domènech
8 / 135
bgcolor="Template:Popular Unity Candidacy/meta/color"| CUP Popular Unity Candidacy
Candidatura d'Unitat Popular 		Catalan independentism
Anti-capitalism 		Carles Riera
4 / 135
bgcolor="Template:People's Party of Catalonia/meta/color"| PP People's Party
Partit Popular 		Conservatism
Christian democracy 		Xavier García Albiol
3 / 135

Campaign

Slogans

Parties and coalitions Catalan Spanish English translation Refs
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Junts per Catalunya/meta/color"| Together for Catalonia (JuntsxCat) "Puigdemont, el nostre president" "Puigdemont, nuestro presidente" "Puigdemont, our president" [44]
bgcolor="Template:Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes/meta/color"| Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí) "La democràcia sempre guanya" "La democracia siempre gana" "Democracy always wins" [45]
bgcolor="Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color"| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) "Ara sí votarem" "Ahora sí votaremos" "Now we will vote" [46][47]
bgcolor="Template:Socialists' Party of Catalonia/meta/color"| Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) "Solucions. Ara, Iceta!" "Soluciones. ¡Ahora, Iceta!" "Solutions. Now, Iceta!" [48]
bgcolor="Template:Catalunya en Comú–Podem/meta/color"| Catalonia in Common–We Can (CatComú–Podem) "Tenim molt en comú" "Tenemos mucho en común" "We have a lot in common" [49]
bgcolor="Template:People's Party of Catalonia/meta/color"| People's Party (PP) "Espanya és la solució" "España es la solución" "Spain is the solution" [50][51]
bgcolor="Template:Popular Unity Candidacy/meta/color"| Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) "Dempeus!" "¡De pie!" "On our feet!" [52]

Stance on independence issues

Stance on
independence 		Parties and coalitions Referendum Unilateralism Support of direct rule
checkY Yes Together for Catalonia (JuntsxCat) checkY Question? ☒N
Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí) checkY ☒N ☒N
Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) checkY checkY ☒N
☒N No Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) ☒N checkY
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) ☒N checkY
People's Party (PP) ☒N checkY
Question? Neutral Catalonia in Common–We Can (CatComú–Podem) checkY ☒N

Leaders' debates

Catalan regional election debates, 2017
Date Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present    S  Surrogate    NI  Non-invitee   A  Absent invitee 
JxCat ERC Cs PSC CeC–P PP CUP
style="background:Template:Junts per Catalunya/meta/color;"| style="background:Template:Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes/meta/color;"| style="background:Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color;"| style="background:Template:Socialists' Party of Catalonia/meta/color;"| style="background:Template:Catalunya en Comú–Podem/meta/color;"| style="background:Template:People's Party of Catalonia/meta/color;"| style="background:Template:Popular Unity Candidacy/meta/color;"|
29 November RTVE
(El Debate de La 1) 		Julio Somoano S
Dalmases 		S
Torrent 		S
Roldán 		S
Granados 		S
Ribas 		S
Levy 		S
Sànchez
3 December laSexta
(Salvados) 		Jordi Évole NI P
Rovira 		P
Arrimadas 		NI NI NI NI
7 December RTVE
(El Debat de La 1) 		Quim Barnola S
Turull 		S
Torrent 		P
Arrimadas 		P
Iceta 		P
Domènech 		P
Albiol 		P
Riera
11 December TV3
(Més 324) 		Xavier Graset S
Madaula 		S
Mundó 		S
Sierra 		S
Granados 		S
Alamany 		S
García 		S
Sirvent
12 December TV3
(Més 324) 		Xavier Graset S
Campdepadrós 		S
Peris 		S
Roldán 		S
Ibarra 		S
López 		S
Fernández 		S
Milian
13 December TV3
(Més 324) 		Xavier Graset S
Forné 		S
Solé 		S
Soler 		S
Ordeig 		S
Vilà 		S
Xandri 		S
Boya
14 December Cadena SER
(Hoy por Hoy) 		Pepa Bueno S
Turull 		S
Maragall 		P
Arrimadas 		P
Iceta 		P
Domènech 		P
Albiol 		P
Riera
14 December TV3
(Més 324) 		Xavier Graset S
Geis 		S
Torrent 		S
Castel 		S
Bruguera 		S
Planagumà 		S
Olmedo 		S
Sànchez
17 December laSexta
(17D. El Debat) 		Ana Pastor S
Rull 		S
Mundó 		P
Arrimadas 		P
Iceta 		P
Domènech 		P
Albiol 		S
Aragonés
18 December TV3
(E17: El Debat) 		Vicent Sanchis S
Turull 		S
Rovira 		P
Arrimadas 		P
Iceta 		P
Domènech 		P
Albiol 		P
Riera

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 68 seats are required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.

Color key:

  Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 21 December 2017 Parliament of Catalonia election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Won +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color"| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 1,101,574 25.36 +7.46 37 +12
bgcolor="Template:Junts per Catalunya/meta/color"| Together for Catalonia (JuntsxCat)1 940,414 21.65 +1.85 34 +3
bgcolor="Template:Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes/meta/color"| Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí)1 929,061 21.39 +4.79 32 +6
bgcolor="Template:Socialists' Party of Catalonia/meta/color"| Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 602,616 13.88 +1.14 17 +1
bgcolor="Template:Catalunya en Comú–Podem/meta/color"| Catalonia in Common–We Can (CatComú–Podem)2 323,460 7.45 –1.49 8 –3
bgcolor="Template:Popular Unity Candidacy/meta/color"| Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) 193,285 4.45 –3.76 4 –6
bgcolor="Template:People's Party of Catalonia/meta/color"| People's Party (PP) 184,005 4.24 –4.25 3 –8
Blank ballots 19,375 0.44 –0.09
Total 4,342,973 100.00 135 ±0
Valid votes 4,342,973 99.63 +0.02
Invalid votes 16,022 0.37 –0.02
Votes cast / turnout 4,358,995 81.94
Abstentions 18.06
Registered voters 5,553,983
Sources[53]
Popular vote
Cs
 
 25.36%
JuntsxCat
 
 21.65%
ERC–CatSí
 
 21.39%
PSC–PSOE
 
 13.88%
CatComú–Podem
 
 7.45%
CUP
 
 4.45%
PP
 
 4.23%
Others
 
 1.13%
Blank ballots
 
 0.44%
Seats
Cs
 
 27.41%
JuntsxCat
 
 25.19%
ERC–CatSí
 
 23.70%
PSC–PSOE
 
 12.59%
CatComú–Podem
 
 5.93%
CUP
 
 2.96%
PP
 
 2.22%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency Cs JxCat ERC PSC CeC–P CUP PP
colspan="2" style="background:Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color"| colspan="2" style="background:Template:Junts per Catalunya/meta/color"| colspan="2" style="background:Template:Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes/meta/color"| colspan="2" style="background:Template:Socialists' Party of Catalonia/meta/color"| colspan="2" style="background:Template:Catalunya en Comú–Podem/meta/color"| colspan="2" style="background:Template:Popular Unity Candidacy/meta/color"| colspan="2" style="background:Template:People's Party of Catalonia/meta/color"|
% S % S % S % S % S % S % S
Barcelona style="background:Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color; color:white;"| 26.5 24 19.0 17 20.7 18 15.2 13 8.4 7 4.4 3 4.3 3
Girona 19.5 4 style="background:Template:Junts per Catalunya/meta/color; color:white;"| 36.7 7 21.7 4 8.6 1 4.0 − 5.3 1 2.8 −
Lleida 16.9 3 style="background:Template:Junts per Catalunya/meta/color; color:white;"| 32.6 6 26.7 5 9.0 1 3.9 − 5.0 − 4.5 −
Tarragona style="background:Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color; color:white;"| 27.4 6 21.7 4 23.7 5 11.8 2 5.4 1 4.0 − 4.6 −
Total style="background:Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color; color:white;"| 25.3 37 21.7 34 21.4 32 13.9 17 7.5 8 4.5 4 4.2 3

Election campaign

Campaign slogans

Notes

  1. ^ a b As a result of the exceptional circumstances amid which the election was held, at the time of the election's call Carles Puigdemont had self-exiled himself to Belgium in order to avoid action from the Spanish judiciary, whereas Oriol Junqueras had been put in preventive detention.
  2. ^ a b Within the Junts pel Sí alliance. Unofficial comparison calculated from the strength ratio of each party in Parliament after the 2015 election. Totals for ERC–CatSí include DC and MES. Also including aligned independents from 2015.
  3. ^ Data for CatSíqueesPot in the 2015 election.

Opinion poll sources

  1. ^ "Ciutadans se convertiría en la primera fuerza y los independentistas lograrían la mayoría". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 21 December 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Las encuestas otorgan la victoria a Ciudadanos y posibilidad de gobierno a los independentistas". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 21 December 2017.
  3. ^ "Catalonia's pro-indy parties within touching distance of absolute majority according to our final world exclusive poll". The National. 20 December 2017.
  4. ^ "ERC ganaría las elecciones en escaños y Ciutadans, en votos". El Periòdic d'Andorra (in Spanish). 20 December 2017.
  5. ^ "Catalan unionist parties stall as voters look to elect pro-indy majority in new world exclusive poll". The National. 20 December 2017.
  6. ^ "ERC abre brecha con Ciutadans y la mayoría independentista se afianza". El Periòdic d'Andorra (in Spanish). 19 December 2017.
  7. ^ "Pro-indy Catalan parties hold out despite strong unionist momentum in latest world exclusive poll". The National. 19 December 2017.
  8. ^ "Ciutadans ganaría las elecciones en votos y ERC, en escaños". El Periòdic d'Andorra (in Spanish). 18 December 2017.
  9. ^ "Pro-indy Catalan parties both closing in on unionists and are set to win combined majority in latest world exclusive poll from Catalonia". The National. 18 December 2017.
  10. ^ "ERC se resiente y Ciutadans y Puigdemont le recortan distancia". El Periòdic d'Andorra (in Spanish). 17 December 2017.
  11. ^ "Elections en Catalogne: résultats très serrés en prévision". L'Independant (in French). 19 December 2017.
  12. ^ "New Catalan election poll sees three parties vying for top spot". The National. 17 December 2017.
  13. ^ "ERC mantiene su ventaja sobre C's y Puigdemont retrocede". El Periòdic d'Andorra (in Spanish). 16 December 2017.
  14. ^ "Última encuesta antes del 21-D: Ciudadanos aumenta su ventaja en primera posición". ABC (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  15. ^ "Stunning Catalan poll predicts majority for pro-independence parties". The National. 16 December 2017.
  16. ^ "Arrimadas se impone en votos y escaños por primera vez a una semana del 21-D". ABC (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  17. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo GAD3. Autonómicas. Diciembre 2017 (2)". Electograph (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  18. ^ "ERC se despega y Puigdemont pierde fuelle". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 14 December 2017.
  19. ^ "La participación en las elecciones catalanas se estanca en el umbral del 80%". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 14 December 2017.
  20. ^ "Ciudadanos ganaría las elecciones del 21D en Cataluña y superaría en votos y escaños a ERC". laSexta (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  21. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo Invymark. Autonómicas. Diciembre 2017". Electograph (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  22. ^ "Encuesta digital: Ciudadanos ganará las elecciones catalanas". Top Position (in Spanish). 14 December 2017.
  23. ^ "Una encuesta interna de ERC certifica el mano a mano con Cs por la victoria el 21-D". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  24. ^ "Triple empat entre Cs, ERC i JuntsXCat a sis dies de les eleccions". El Nacional (in Catalan). 15 December 2017.
  25. ^ "JuntsXCat guanya a Lleida i l'independentisme millora posicions al territori". El Nacional (in Catalan). 15 December 2017.
  26. ^ "Ciudadanos crece hacia la victoria pero el separatismo roza la mayoría absoluta por el hundimiento del PP". El Español (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  27. ^ "ERC y Ciudadanos se disputan la victoria electoral en Cataluña". 20minutos (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  28. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo A+M. Autonómicas. Diciembre 2017". Electograph (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  29. ^ "Ciudadanos acaricia la victoria el 21-D y amenaza la mayoría separatista en Cataluña". El Mundo (in Spanish). 14 December 2017.
  30. ^ "ERC y Cs se disputan la victoria el 21-D". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  31. ^ "El ObSERvatorio de la Cadena SER. Preelectoral Cataluña (15/ 12/ 2017)" (PDF). MyWord (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  32. ^ "ERC ganaría en Lleida con 5 escaños y también en Catalunya, aunque empatando con Cs". Segre (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  33. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo Infortécnica. Autonómicas. Diciembre 2017 (2)". Electograph (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  34. ^ "El bloque constitucionalista ganaría en votos, pero no en escaños". La Razón (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  35. ^ "Radiografía del voto. Encuesta diciembre 2017". La Razón (in Spanish). 15 December 2017.
  36. ^ "El bloque de la Constitución roza el triunfo en Cataluña". El País (in Spanish). 14 December 2017.
  37. ^ "Intención de voto y proyección de escaños en el Parlament". El País (in Spanish). 14 December 2017.
  38. ^ "La victòria de Cs el 21-D amenaça la majoria absoluta independentista". El Nacional (in Catalan). 12 December 2017.
  39. ^ "L'ímpetu de Cs ensorra el PP a Barcelona i guanya el pols a ERC a Tarragona". El Nacional (in Catalan). 13 December 2017.
  40. ^ "La llista de Puigdemont passa al davant d'ERC, segons una enquesta de JxCat". RAC1 (in Catalan). 11 December 2017.
  41. ^ "Ciutadans seria el partit més votat, segons una enquesta de JxCat". RAC1 (in Catalan). 11 December 2017.
  42. ^ "Arrimadas lidera en intención de voto a costa del PP pero con mayoría separatista". El Español (in Spanish). 13 December 2017.
  43. ^ "El voto útil catapulta a Arrimadas pero los separatistas siguen rozando la mayoría absoluta". El Español (in Spanish). 11 December 2017.
  44. ^ "ERC aguanta l'embranzida d'un Puigdemont que disputa a Cs la segona plaça". El Nacional (in Catalan). 10 December 2017.
  45. ^ "ERC guanya en 3 de les 4 demarcacions el doble duel amb Cs i JuntsXCAT". El Nacional (in Catalan). 10 December 2017.
  46. ^ "Cs compite por el liderazgo con ERC mientras Puigdemont acorta distancias". El Español (in Spanish). 9 December 2017.
  47. ^ "El sondeo del PP deja a un escaño de la mayoría absoluta a ERC, PSC y 'comunes'". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 7 December 2017.
  48. ^ "Esquerra guanyaria les eleccions a Lleida, amb empat tècnic entre JxCat i Ciutadans". Segre (in Catalan). 12 December 2017.
  49. ^ "El soberanismo se aleja de la mayoría". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 December 2017.
  50. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo GAD3. Autonómicas. Diciembre 2017". Electograph (in Spanish). 9 December 2017.
  51. ^ "La majoria independentista entra en zona de perill per al 21-D". El Nacional (in Catalan). 7 December 2017.
  52. ^ "ERC ganaría las elecciones sin posibilidad de formar un gobierno independentista". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 11 December 2017.
  53. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo Celeste-Tel. Autonómicas. Diciembre 2017". Electograph (in Spanish). 11 December 2017.
  54. ^ "L'independentisme manté la majoria absoluta amb ERC al capdavant". El Nacional (in Catalan). 5 December 2017.
  55. ^ "Puigdemont atrapa a Junqueras". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 6 December 2017.
  56. ^ "ERC ganaría las elecciones del 21D, pero el bloque independentista perdería la mayoría absoluta". laSexta (in Spanish). 5 December 2017.
  57. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo Invymark. Autonómicas. Noviembre 2017". Electograph (in Spanish). 5 December 2017.
  58. ^ "La lista de Puigdemont pasa de 13 a 26 escaños con apurada mayoría separatista". El Español (in Spanish). 2 December 2017.
  59. ^ "Preelectoral de Cataluña. Elecciones autonómicas 2017. (Estudio nº 3198. Noviembre 2017)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 4 December 2017.
  60. ^ "Puigdemont pincha y deja que un tripartito se sitúe a un solo escaño de la mayoría absoluta". Público (in Spanish). 30 November 2017.
  61. ^ "PP, PSOE y C's obtendrían el 44'9% de los votos el 21-D frente al 43'4% de ERC, JxC y la CUP". La Razón (in Spanish). 26 November 2017.
  62. ^ "Radiografía del voto. II Encuesta noviembre 2017" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 26 November 2017.
  63. ^ "Encuesta Cataluña: bajan los nacionalistas y suben poco los constitucionalistas, que no logran mayoría con Podemos". El Confidencial Digital (in Spanish). 26 November 2017.
  64. ^ "El bloque constitucionalista alcanza en votos al independentismo". El País (in Spanish). 25 November 2017.
  65. ^ "Sondeo sobre la situación política en Cataluña". El País (in Spanish). 25 November 2017.
  66. ^ "Puigdemont recorta distancias con Junqueras a un mes del 21-D". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 19 November 2017.
  67. ^ "Los constitucionalistas suben hasta ocho escaños en el Parlamento catalán". ABC (in Spanish). 19 November 2017.
  68. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo GAD3. Autonómicas. Noviembre 2017 (2)". Electograph (in Spanish). 19 November 2017.
  69. ^ "Los independentistas superarían la mayoría absoluta el 21-D, aunque por un solo escaño". Público (in Spanish). 5 November 2017.
  70. ^ "Encuesta 21-D: Los constitucionalistas suben tras el 155 y la prisión de Junqueras". La Razón (in Spanish). 5 November 2017.
  71. ^ "Las coaliciones favorecerían sólo a los independentistas". La Razón (in Spanish). 5 November 2017.
  72. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo NC Report. Autonómicas. Noviembre 2017". Electograph (in Spanish). 4 November 2017.
  73. ^ "ERC ganaría el 21D sin asegurar la mayoría absoluta independentista". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 4 November 2017.
  74. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo GAD3. Autonómicas. Noviembre 2017". Electograph (in Spanish). 4 November 2017.
  75. ^ "Ajustada mayoría del independentismo en el primer sondeo tras huir Puigdemont". El Español (in Catalan). 1 November 2017.
  76. ^ "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. 3a onada 2017" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 31 October 2017.
  77. ^ "Los independentistas, lejos de la mayoría absoluta en las elecciones del 21-D". El Mundo (in Spanish). 28 October 2017.
  78. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo SigmaDos. Autonómicas. Octubre 2017". Electograph (in Spanish). 28 October 2017.
  79. ^ "Los soberanistas pierden la mayoría absoluta". La Razón (in Spanish). 23 October 2017.
  80. ^ "Radiografía del voto. Encuesta octubre 2017". La Razón (in Spanish). 23 October 2017. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  81. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo NC Report. Autonómicas. Octubre 2017". Electograph (in Spanish). 23 October 2017.
  82. ^ "El independentismo mantendría su mayoría sin llegar al 50%". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 22 October 2017.
  83. ^ "El independentismo tendría la mayoría sin llegar al 50%". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 23 October 2017.
  84. ^ "Los separatistas perderían 5 escaños y la mayoría absoluta en el Parlament". El Español (in Spanish). 10 October 2017.
  85. ^ "El soberanismo pierde la mayoría". La Razón (in Spanish). 24 September 2017.
  86. ^ "Radiografía del voto. Encuesta septiembre 2017 (1)". La Razón (in Spanish). 24 September 2017.
  87. ^ "Radiografía del voto. Encuesta septiembre (2)". La Razón (in Spanish). 24 September 2017.
  88. ^ "El bloque independentista se arriesga a perder la mayoría en el Parlament". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 19 September 2017.
  89. ^ "CATALUÑA. Sondeo Celeste-Tel. Autonómicas. Septiembre 2017". Electograph (in Spanish). 19 September 2017.
  90. ^ "Los separatistas mantendrían su actual mayoría y el PP crecería a costa del PSC". El Español (in Spanish). 10 September 2017.
  91. ^ "ERC rentabiliza el "procés" en las urnas". La Razón (in Spanish). 15 August 2017.
  92. ^ "Radiografía del voto. Encuesta agosto 2017". La Razón (in Spanish). 15 August 2017.
  93. ^ "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. 2a onada 2017" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 21 July 2017.
  94. ^ "La subida de ERC mantiene la mayoría soberanista y no excluye un tripartito". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 3 July 2017.
  95. ^ "ERC arrasaría en unas catalanas y la antigua Convergència se hunde por debajo del PP". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 3 July 2017.
  96. ^ "ERC amplía la ventaja sobre el PDECat, que se disputaría la segunda plaza con Ciutadans". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 16 April 2017.
  97. ^ "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política. 1a onada 2017" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 30 March 2017.
  98. ^ "El repunte de ERC apenas sostiene el voto soberanista". El País (in Spanish). 11 April 2017.
  99. ^ "Actitudes en Cataluña respecto de un hipotético referéndum". El País (in Spanish). 11 April 2017.
  100. ^ "ERC ganaría las autonómicas con más de siete puntos sobre el PDECat y C's". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 8 January 2017.
  101. ^ "ERC se dispara y hunde al partido de Puigdemont hasta la tercera fuerza". La Razón (in Spanish). 27 December 2016.
  102. ^ "Radiografía del voto" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 27 December 2016.
  103. ^ "Enquesta sobre context polític a Catalunya. 2016" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 29 December 2016.
  104. ^ "ERC podría alcanzar los 50 escaños en el Parlament y el PDECat sería la quinta fuerza". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 18 December 2016.
  105. ^ "Las tensiones del 'procés' propulsan a ERC". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 23 October 2017.
  106. ^ "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 39. 3a onada 2016" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 18 November 2016.
  107. ^ "El Partit Demòcrata i la CUP s'enfonsarien en cas d'eleccions al Parlament, segons una enquesta interna d'ERC". Crític (in Catalan). 2 October 2016.
  108. ^ "CATALUÑA (Autonómicas), Agosto 2016. Sondeo interno ERC". Electograph (in Spanish). 3 October 2016.
  109. ^ "El independentismo ya no suma ni coaligados ni separados". La Razón (in Spanish). 12 August 2016.
  110. ^ "CATALUÑA, Agosto 2016. Sondeo NC Report". Electograph (in Spanish). 12 August 2016.
  111. ^ "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 38. 2a onada 2016" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 22 July 2016.
  112. ^ "ERC adelantaría a CDC y la CUP se hundiría en unas nuevas catalanas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 20 June 2016.
  113. ^ "ERC ganaría las elecciones catalanas y CDC podría ser tercera, según la encuesta del GESOP". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 5 May 2016.
  114. ^ "Esquerra ganaría las elecciones catalanas y CDC podría ser tercera". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 6 May 2016.
  115. ^ "Baròmetre d'Opinió Política 37. 1a onada 2016" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 18 March 2016.
  116. ^ "¿Quién ganará las nuevas elecciones en Catalunya?". El Mundo (in Spanish). 3 January 2016.
  117. ^ "Unes eleccions al març deixarien un país ingovernable". El Nacional (in Catalan). 31 December 2015.
  118. ^ "La gran mayoría de los catalanes pide no apoyar a Mas". La Razón (in Spanish). 3 January 2016.
  119. ^ "Encuesta 31 de diciembre de 2015" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 3 January 2016.
  120. ^ "¿Cree que se deberían repetir las elecciones al Parlament de Cataluña?" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 3 January 2016.
  121. ^ "Ciudadanos disputaría la victoria a ERC si se adelantan las elecciones en Cataluña". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 6 December 2015.
  122. ^ "La mitad de los catalanes quiere votar de nuevo para salir del punto muerto". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 29 November 2015.
  123. ^ "Enquesta sobre context polític a Catalunya. 2015" (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 2 December 2015.
  124. ^ "Un mes después del 27-S" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 2 November 2015.
  125. ^ "CATALUÑA, Octubre 2015. Sondeo NC Report". Electograph (in Spanish). 2 November 2015.
  126. ^ "CATALUÑA, Octubre 2015. Sondeo CEO/Opinòmetre". Electograph (in Spanish). 13 November 2015.

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