Royal Palace of Aranjuez: Difference between revisions

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| latitude = 40.03613
| latitude = 40.03613
| longitude = -3.608004
| longitude = -3.608004
| location = [[Aranjuez]], [[Spain]]
| location = [[Aranjuez]], [[Community of Madrid]], [[Spain]]
| area =
| area =
| built =
| built =
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}}


The '''Royal Palace of Aranjuez''' ({{lang-es|Palacio Real de Aranjuez}}) is a residence of the [[King of Spain]], located in the town of [[Aranjuez]], [[Community of Madrid]], [[Spain]]. The palace is open to the public as one of the [[Spanish royal sites]].
The '''Royal Palace of Aranjuez''' ({{lang-es|Palacio Real de Aranjuez}}) is a residence of the [[King of Spain]], located in the town of [[Aranjuez]], in the [[Community of Madrid]], [[Spain]]. The palace is open to the public as one of the [[Spanish royal sites]].


==History==
It was commissioned by [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] and designed by [[Juan Bautista de Toledo]] and [[Juan de Herrera]], who also designed [[El Escorial]]. It was completed during the reign of [[Ferdinand VI of Spain|Ferdinand VI]] by the mid-18th century; [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]] had two wings added to it.
It is in the 12th century when the [[Order of Santiago]] settled in the area due to its verdant landscape and mild climate that is beneficiary of the waters of the [[Tagus]] and [[Jarama]].


As Royal Site, its story begins in the 15th century, when the master [[Lorenzo I Suárez de Figueroa]] ordered the construction of a house-palace north of the present Royal Palace, designed to recreation of the members of the order.
The huge gardens, built to relieve its royal residents from the dust and drought of the Spanish ''meseta'' using the waters of the adjacent [[Tagus]] and [[Jarama]] rivers, are Spain's most important of the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg period]]. The ''Jardín de la Isla'' is on a man-made island bounded by the River Tagus and the Ría Canal.
The ''Jardín del Príncipe'' contains a miniature palace (the ''Casa del Labrador'', built for [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]]) and the ''Museo de las Falúas Reales'', housing the most important extant collection of Spain's royal [[pleasure barge]]s.


In 1523, Aranjuez became a royal property. [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (Charles I of Spain)]] was the one who gave the former possessions of the order the dignity of Real Bosque y Casa de Aranjuez (Royal Wood and House of Aranjuez), in order to enjoy in them good days of hunting.
The ''[[Concierto de Aranjuez]]'' is a [[Musical composition|composition]] for [[classical guitar]] and [[orchestra]] written by [[Spanish people|Spanish]] [[composer]] [[Joaquín Rodrigo]], who was inspired by the palace gardens. The work attempts to take the listener through sounds of nature in and around the gardens during the period in which it was written.


In 1551 he destined a facilities for botanical garden, which serve to catalog the new species brought from the Americas.
The palace's important art and historical collections include the ''Museo de la Vida en Palacio'', describing the daily lives of Spain's monarchs.

But the purposes of the emperor barely met. Wars, his long stays in Europe and health setbacks prevented him seize the property as much as anticipated. It did his son [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]]. After granting Aranjuez the designation of Royal Site in 1561, aware of how fertile place, he devoted a portion of land to farm.

In the adjacent plot, the King began construction of the first palace, direct antecedent of the current. He hired for this services [[Juan Bautista de Toledo]] and [[Juan de Herrera]], responsibles for the works of [[El Escorial]].

On the death of Philip II in 1598, the works were still to finish. In addition to the royal apartments, only they had built the chapel at the base of the south tower and part of the facades of noon and sunset. Then, the 17th century economic and political crisis and the lack of interest for the place of the last [[Habsbourg Spain|Habsbourgs]] resulted in the stoppage of work.

Was [[Philip V of Spain|Philip V]], first king of the Bourbon dynasty, who decided to resume the work and tried to make Aranjuez his particular Versailles. Subsequently, this condition would inherit [[La Granja de San Ildefonso]]. With Philip V rose a new north tower, completed the west facade and charted the structure that would shape the current palace. Although little served. In 1748, a terrible fire destroyed almost all of his work.

After the fire, [[Ferdinand VI of Spain|Ferdinand VI]], son of [[Philip V of Spain|Philip V]], rebuilds the palace. The new project, although he respected the floor of the original building, was due entirely to aesthetic and thought of the 18th century. That is, an ostentatious construction, and refined lines in the exterior, after which a series of sumptuously furnished dependencies were inside. As a tribute to its history, it were included in the main facade the statues of its main promoters: Philip II, Philip V and Philip VI.

The imposing building that has reached today is mainly due to [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]] in his reforming work for Madrid and his court. The architect was Italian [[Francesco Sabatini]] who designed the two wings of the west, laterally limiting the cour d'honneur. At one end of the ensemble was located the chapel, and on the opposite side should built a theater that never came up.

The decoration was enriched in 18th and 19th centuries with paintings of various artists. Also appear in the halls hardwood furniture and several collections of tapestries, clocks, lamps and sculptures. These unique pieces still adorn a succession of halls, among which the Salón de Porcelana which was the preferred corner of Carlos III.

Charles III did in Aranjuez one of his favorite abodes. Chosen as spring and summer residence, the Court used to move his residence from Madrid in mid-March and did not return to the capital until October. During this period, the King enjoyed the palace the environment, divided by Jardín del Parterre and Jardín de la Isla gardens, held lavish parties or sailed the channels of Tagus in rich artistically decorated Falúas (golden ships). For leisure of heirs, [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]] and his wife [[Maria Luisa of Parma]], a small pavilion was built in the gardens, the Casa del Labrador. It is an important example of [[Neoclassical]] architecture in Europe.

In 1808, during the stay of the royal family at Aranjuez, [[Manuel Godoy]], favorite of Charles IV, faced the opposition of the heir Ferdinand, he claimed that the Kings were put safe from the impending [[Napoleon]]ic French invasion (he proposed them to flee to the Americas). When the rumor ran through the streets of the town, an angry crowd led by Ferdinand supporters thronged the doors of the palace, while other groups assaulted the house of Godoy. He was refuged one day in the attic of his home, and was discovered and taken prisoner. But then the Salón del Trono had witnessed the abdication of Charles IV in his son [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]].

After the Bourbon restoration in the person of [[Alfonso XII of Spain|Alfonso XII]], the Royal Palace of Aranjuez housed the family of the [[Duchy of Montpensier|Dukes of Montpensier]]. It was in the days before the wedding of the King with the daughter of them (and cousin of Alfonso), [[Mercedes of Orléans]]. The groom and bride could hold a phone conversation Madrid-Aranjuez at the wedding eve, and the train, decorated for the occasion, which had a way station to the palace doors, transported, the bride and her entourage to Madrid for the ceremony in 1878.

These would be the last splendours held in the vicinity of Aranjuez. Both [[Maria Christina of Austria]], second wife of the monarch, and his son [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]] and wife, [[Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg]], preferred [[La Granja de San Ildefonso]] for the royal vacations. Then in 1931, the [[Second Spanish Republic]] declared the Royal Site [[Conjunto histórico|Artistic Historical Monument]] and opened to the public, and in 2001 it was declared a [[World Heritage Site]] by the [[UNESCO]].


==Gallery==
==Gallery==

Revision as of 02:10, 7 September 2016

Royal Palace of Aranjuez
Native name
Spanish: Palacio Real de Aranjuez
LocationAranjuez, Community of Madrid, Spain
ArchitectJuan Bautista de Toledo, Juan de Herrera
Official nameAranjuez Cultural Landscape
TypeCultural
Criteriaii, iv
Designated2001 (25th session)
Reference no.1044
State Party Spain
RegionEurope and North America
Official namePalacio Real de Aranjuez
TypeNon-movable
CriteriaMonument
Designated1931[1]
Reference no.RI-51-0001063
Royal Palace of Aranjuez is located in Spain
Royal Palace of Aranjuez
Location of Royal Palace of Aranjuez in Spain

The Royal Palace of Aranjuez (Spanish: Palacio Real de Aranjuez) is a residence of the King of Spain, located in the town of Aranjuez, in the Community of Madrid, Spain. The palace is open to the public as one of the Spanish royal sites.

History

It is in the 12th century when the Order of Santiago settled in the area due to its verdant landscape and mild climate that is beneficiary of the waters of the Tagus and Jarama.

As Royal Site, its story begins in the 15th century, when the master Lorenzo I Suárez de Figueroa ordered the construction of a house-palace north of the present Royal Palace, designed to recreation of the members of the order.

In 1523, Aranjuez became a royal property. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (Charles I of Spain) was the one who gave the former possessions of the order the dignity of Real Bosque y Casa de Aranjuez (Royal Wood and House of Aranjuez), in order to enjoy in them good days of hunting.

In 1551 he destined a facilities for botanical garden, which serve to catalog the new species brought from the Americas.

But the purposes of the emperor barely met. Wars, his long stays in Europe and health setbacks prevented him seize the property as much as anticipated. It did his son Philip II. After granting Aranjuez the designation of Royal Site in 1561, aware of how fertile place, he devoted a portion of land to farm.

In the adjacent plot, the King began construction of the first palace, direct antecedent of the current. He hired for this services Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera, responsibles for the works of El Escorial.

On the death of Philip II in 1598, the works were still to finish. In addition to the royal apartments, only they had built the chapel at the base of the south tower and part of the facades of noon and sunset. Then, the 17th century economic and political crisis and the lack of interest for the place of the last Habsbourgs resulted in the stoppage of work.

Was Philip V, first king of the Bourbon dynasty, who decided to resume the work and tried to make Aranjuez his particular Versailles. Subsequently, this condition would inherit La Granja de San Ildefonso. With Philip V rose a new north tower, completed the west facade and charted the structure that would shape the current palace. Although little served. In 1748, a terrible fire destroyed almost all of his work.

After the fire, Ferdinand VI, son of Philip V, rebuilds the palace. The new project, although he respected the floor of the original building, was due entirely to aesthetic and thought of the 18th century. That is, an ostentatious construction, and refined lines in the exterior, after which a series of sumptuously furnished dependencies were inside. As a tribute to its history, it were included in the main facade the statues of its main promoters: Philip II, Philip V and Philip VI.

The imposing building that has reached today is mainly due to Charles III in his reforming work for Madrid and his court. The architect was Italian Francesco Sabatini who designed the two wings of the west, laterally limiting the cour d'honneur. At one end of the ensemble was located the chapel, and on the opposite side should built a theater that never came up.

The decoration was enriched in 18th and 19th centuries with paintings of various artists. Also appear in the halls hardwood furniture and several collections of tapestries, clocks, lamps and sculptures. These unique pieces still adorn a succession of halls, among which the Salón de Porcelana which was the preferred corner of Carlos III.

Charles III did in Aranjuez one of his favorite abodes. Chosen as spring and summer residence, the Court used to move his residence from Madrid in mid-March and did not return to the capital until October. During this period, the King enjoyed the palace the environment, divided by Jardín del Parterre and Jardín de la Isla gardens, held lavish parties or sailed the channels of Tagus in rich artistically decorated Falúas (golden ships). For leisure of heirs, Charles IV and his wife Maria Luisa of Parma, a small pavilion was built in the gardens, the Casa del Labrador. It is an important example of Neoclassical architecture in Europe.

In 1808, during the stay of the royal family at Aranjuez, Manuel Godoy, favorite of Charles IV, faced the opposition of the heir Ferdinand, he claimed that the Kings were put safe from the impending Napoleonic French invasion (he proposed them to flee to the Americas). When the rumor ran through the streets of the town, an angry crowd led by Ferdinand supporters thronged the doors of the palace, while other groups assaulted the house of Godoy. He was refuged one day in the attic of his home, and was discovered and taken prisoner. But then the Salón del Trono had witnessed the abdication of Charles IV in his son Ferdinand VII.

After the Bourbon restoration in the person of Alfonso XII, the Royal Palace of Aranjuez housed the family of the Dukes of Montpensier. It was in the days before the wedding of the King with the daughter of them (and cousin of Alfonso), Mercedes of Orléans. The groom and bride could hold a phone conversation Madrid-Aranjuez at the wedding eve, and the train, decorated for the occasion, which had a way station to the palace doors, transported, the bride and her entourage to Madrid for the ceremony in 1878.

These would be the last splendours held in the vicinity of Aranjuez. Both Maria Christina of Austria, second wife of the monarch, and his son Alfonso XIII and wife, Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, preferred La Granja de San Ildefonso for the royal vacations. Then in 1931, the Second Spanish Republic declared the Royal Site Artistic Historical Monument and opened to the public, and in 2001 it was declared a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO.

  • Royal Palace of Aranjuez.
    Royal Palace of Aranjuez.
  • La Ría.
    La Ría.
  • Back facade of Casa del Labrador.
    Back facade of Casa del Labrador.
  • Eastern facade.
    Eastern facade.
  • A room of the palace.
    A room of the palace.
  • Detail of the interior.
    Detail of the interior.
  • Narcissus Fountain in the Prince's Garden.
    Narcissus Fountain in the Prince's Garden.
  • Chinese Kiosks of the Prince's Garden.
    Chinese Kiosks of the Prince's Garden.

References

  1. ^ Template:Bien de Interés Cultural
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