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==History==
==History==
[[File:Cliffs in Arcos de la Frontera.jpg|thumb|left|280px|The cliffs, 11th-15th c. Moorish-origin castle, and 16th-17th c. Gothic church of San Pedro in Arcos de la Frontera.]]
[[File:"Église d'Arcos de la Frontera" (19942432241).jpg|thumb|left|150px|Iglesia de San Pedro in 1874 by [[Gustave Doré]] in the work L'Espagne.]]
There is local evidence that [[Stone Age]] [[cave-dweller]]s used rocks to form living chambers. Roman ruins also exist in the area.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
There is local evidence that [[Stone Age]] [[cave-dweller]]s used rocks to form living chambers. Roman ruins also exist in the area.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}


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==Main sights==
==Main sights==
[[File:Santa María de la Asunción, Arcos de la Frontera.jpg|thumb|left|180px|14th-16th century Mudéjar-Gothic minor basilica of Santa María de la Asunción]]
[[File:Santa María de la Asunción, Arcos de la Frontera.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Basílica Menor de Santa María de la Asunción]]
[[File:Convento de la Encarnación, Arcos de la Frontera.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Plateresque portal of early-16th c. Convento de la Encarnación and 17th c. buttresses in alley Callejón de las Monjas.]]
[[File:Castillo de Arcos, Arcos de la Frontera.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Castillo de Arcos]]
* ''Castillo de Arcos'' (11th-15th-century castle), a medieval castle of Moorish origin, rebuilt almost entirely in the first half of 15th century. Currently it is a [[private]] property, it is not open to the public. It has quadrangular plant with four towers at the corners. It was a military [[alcázar]] in the Muslim period. On the cover the shields of the Dukes of Arcos are observed.
* ''Castillo de Arcos'' (11th-15th-century castle), a medieval castle of Moorish origin, rebuilt almost entirely in the first half of 15th century. Currently it is a [[private]] property, it is not open to the public. It has quadrangular plant with four towers at the corners. It was a military [[alcázar]] in the Muslim period. On the cover the shields of the Dukes of Arcos are observed.
* Iglesia de San Francisco (church built between the 16th and 17th centuries)
* Iglesia de San Francisco (church built between the 16th and 17th centuries)
* Iglesia de la Caridad (church built between the 16th and 17th centuries)
* Iglesia de la Caridad (church built between the 16th and 17th centuries)
⚫
* Hospital de San Juan de Dios, a 16th century hospital, formerly it was called as ''Hospital de San Sebastián''. attached to a hermitage. It had at that time 14 charitable hospitals in Arcos, and reunified in 1596 in San Sebastián.
⚫
* Palacio de los Condes del Águila, a 15th century late Gothic-Mudéjar palace.
* Basílica Menor de Santa María de la Asunción, it was erected after the Reconquista on a [[Visigoth]]ic temple and remains of a 13th and 14th c. mosque. The main facade is Plateresque-Gothic style and the facade which faces Plaza del Cabildo is mostly Renaissance. Its unfinished tower, repaired after the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]] has Baroque air. Since 1931 it is an [[Bien de Interés Cultural|Artistic-Historic Monument]].
* Basílica Menor de Santa María de la Asunción, it was erected after the Reconquista on a [[Visigoth]]ic temple and remains of a 13th and 14th c. mosque. The main facade is Plateresque-Gothic style and the facade which faces Plaza del Cabildo is mostly Renaissance. Its unfinished tower, repaired after the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]] has Baroque air. Since 1931 it is an [[Bien de Interés Cultural|Artistic-Historic Monument]].
* Iglesia de San Pedro, it is a 15th-17th c. church built on the basis of an 14th c. Al-Andalusian fortress or watchtower. Are observed different styles, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque, in its tower and facade.
* Iglesia de San Pedro, it is a 15th-17th c. church built on the basis of an 14th c. Al-Andalusian fortress or watchtower. Are observed different styles, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque, in its tower and facade.
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*Iglesia de San Miguel, formerly a Moorish fortress, in the 15th century converted into a hermitage, later was rebuilt in 18th century. It was also hospice for orphaned girls. Currently it for exhibitions and lectures.
*Iglesia de San Miguel, formerly a Moorish fortress, in the 15th century converted into a hermitage, later was rebuilt in 18th century. It was also hospice for orphaned girls. Currently it for exhibitions and lectures.
*Convento de la Encarnación, is founded in the first half of 16th century. Its main portal is Plateresque and the adjacent is of late-Gothic style. Currently it is a parish hall.
*Convento de la Encarnación, is founded in the first half of 16th century. Its main portal is Plateresque and the adjacent is of late-Gothic style. Currently it is a parish hall.
⚫
*Capilla de la Misericordia, a chapel founded in 1490, to house the abandoned children, besides to serve for house and hospital for women. Its facade is Gothic. It is now a conference and exhibition hall.
⚫
*Ayuntamiento viejo, (Former City Hall), with a 17th-century stone portal. It moved the City Council to the building that is in front of the castle by stone falls from the rock, which came to affect it.
⚫
* Asilo de la Caridad, late-16th century.
⚫
* Edificio del Pósito (granary building) with a stone facade of 1738; it was a wheat store in 18th century, where its takes its name. Years later was a public school. Today it is a health center.
⚫
* Birth house of the poet Julio Mariscal, whose facade can seen a commemorative azulejo.
*Convento de las Mercedarias Descalzas, the only remaining cloistered convent in Arcos and dates from 1642. Its nuns make sweets sold there and in some candy shops in Arcos. Formerly the nuns mended every kind of clothes, except men's pants.
*Convento de las Mercedarias Descalzas, the only remaining cloistered convent in Arcos and dates from 1642. Its nuns make sweets sold there and in some candy shops in Arcos. Formerly the nuns mended every kind of clothes, except men's pants.
⚫
* Hospital de San Juan de Dios, a 16th century hospital, formerly it was called as ''Hospital de San Sebastián''. attached to a hermitage. It had at that time 14 charitable hospitals in Arcos, and reunified in 1596 in San Sebastián.
[[File:Iglesia de San Agusín, Arcos de la Frontera.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Iglesia de San Agusín]]
[[File:Iglesia de San Agusín, Arcos de la Frontera.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Iglesia de San Agustín]]
[[File:Palacio del Mayorazgo facade, Arcos de laFrontera.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Palacio del Mayorazgo facade.]]
[[File:Palacio del Mayorazgo facade, Arcos de laFrontera.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Palacio del Mayorazgo facade.]]
⚫
* Palacio de los Condes del Águila, a 15th century late Gothic-Mudéjar palace.
*Palacio del Mayorazgo, an [[Herrerian]] style house-palace built in the 17th century. It is now a municipal building.
*Palacio del Mayorazgo, an [[Herrerian]] style house-palace built in the 17th century. It is now a municipal building.
⚫
* Asilo de la Caridad, late-16th century.
⚫
*Capilla de la Misericordia, a chapel founded in 1490, to house the abandoned children, besides to serve for house and hospital for women. Its facade is Gothic. It is now a conference and exhibition hall.
⚫
* Edificio del Pósito (granary building) with a stone facade of 1738; it was a wheat store in 18th century, where its takes its name. Years later was a public school. Today it is a health center.
⚫
* Birth house of the poet Julio Mariscal, whose facade can seen a commemorative azulejo.
⚫
*Ayuntamiento viejo, (Former City Hall), with a 17th-century stone portal. It moved the City Council to the building that is in front of the castle by stone falls from the rock, which came to affect it.
* Historic centre. Declared a Historic-Artistic Monument in 1962.<ref>[http://andaluciarustica.com/arcos-de-la-frontera.htm "Arcos de la Frontera", andaluciarustica.com]</ref>
* Historic centre. Declared a Historic-Artistic Monument in 1962.<ref>[http://andaluciarustica.com/arcos-de-la-frontera.htm "Arcos de la Frontera", andaluciarustica.com]</ref>
* Remains of the Roman and Moorish City walls, although very garbled and largely demolished. This walled enclosure comprises only the upper neighborhood of the city. The remains of this wall, which can still recognize on the ground itself, for it the following detailed description of the situation of it makes Miguel Mancheño y Olivares in his book "''Apuntes para una historia de Arcos de la Frontera (chapt. V)''". Of this wall, the part between the Torre de la Esquina and San Antón, scarcely are remains of its foundations, and having the City Gates Puerta de Jerez and Puerta de Carmona completely disappeared. It preserves, however, although modified, the city gate Puerta de Matrera.<ref>[http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/conjunto-monumental-de-la-ciudad-de-arcos-de-la-frontera-cadiz/56a764b2-a01c-11e1-b1fb-00163ebf5e63.pdf "CONJUNTO MONUMENTAL DE LA CIUDAD DE ARCOS DE LA FRONTERA (CÁDIZ)" (pdf file). author: D. Fernando de la Cuadra. March, 1958]</ref>
* Remains of the Roman and Moorish City walls, although very garbled and largely demolished. This walled enclosure comprises only the upper neighborhood of the city. The remains of this wall, which can still recognize on the ground itself, for it the following detailed description of the situation of it makes Miguel Mancheño y Olivares in his book "''Apuntes para una historia de Arcos de la Frontera (chapt. V)''". Of this wall, the part between the Torre de la Esquina and San Antón, scarcely are remains of its foundations, and having the City Gates Puerta de Jerez and Puerta de Carmona completely disappeared. It preserves, however, although modified, the city gate Puerta de Matrera.<ref>[http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/conjunto-monumental-de-la-ciudad-de-arcos-de-la-frontera-cadiz/56a764b2-a01c-11e1-b1fb-00163ebf5e63.pdf "CONJUNTO MONUMENTAL DE LA CIUDAD DE ARCOS DE LA FRONTERA (CÁDIZ)" (pdf file). author: D. Fernando de la Cuadra. March, 1958]</ref>
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===Other interest places===
===Other interest places===
[[File:Convento de la Encarnación, Arcos de la Frontera.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Plateresque portal of Convento de la Encarnación and 17th c. buttresses in alley Callejón de las Monjas.]]
*Calle Nueva, a highlights street because it was the castle moat. With the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]] collapsed a stretch of wall that blinds the moat and gives rise to this street. It is decorated with pots and frequently locals and is located the old small 'Bar Alcaraván' within a cave.
*Calle Nueva, a highlights street because it was the castle moat. With the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]] collapsed a stretch of wall that blinds the moat and gives rise to this street. It is decorated with pots and frequently locals and is located the old small 'Bar Alcaraván' within a cave.
*Torre de Santa María, typical narrow street. This particular one has been walled up until a few years ago, it is said to be closed for be a street where frecuently robbed.
*Torre de Santa María, typical narrow street. This particular one has been walled up until a few years ago, it is said to be closed for be a street where frecuently robbed.
Line 135: Line 136:
===Formerly monuments===
===Formerly monuments===
In Cuesta of Belén, in the preamble to the historic centre. Here was one of the three city gates in medieval times, called ''Puerta de Jerez'', which was torn down in 1852. An architect built a replica with his own initiative. This is the only replica of old monuments in Arcos.
In Cuesta of Belén, in the preamble to the historic centre. Here was one of the three city gates in medieval times, called ''Puerta de Jerez'', which was torn down in 1852. An architect built a replica with his own initiative. This is the only replica of old monuments in Arcos.

==Natural sites==
[[File:Cliffs in Arcos de la Frontera.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The cliffs, 11th-15th c. Moorish-origin castle, and 16th-17th c. Gothic church of San Pedro.]]
*The cliffs.
*The river and dam.


==Gastronomy==
==Gastronomy==

Revision as of 00:31, 22 August 2016

This article is about a Spanish town. For other uses, see Arcos (disambiguation).
Arcos de la Frontera
Municipality
File:Arcos de la Frontera overview.jpg
Coat of arms of Arcos de la Frontera
Coat of arms
Country Spain
Autonomous communityAndalusia
ProvinceCádiz
ComarcaSierra de Cádiz
Government
 • AlcaldeJose Luis Nuñez (PP)
Area
 • Total527.54 km2 (203.68 sq mi)
Elevation
185 m (607 ft)
Population
 (2008)
 • Total31,017
 • Density59/km2 (150/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Arcense, Arcobricense
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
11630
WebsiteOfficial website

Arcos de la Frontera is a historic walled city in the province of Cádiz, in Andalusia, Spain. It is located on the Northern, Western and Southern banks of the Guadalete river, which flows around three sides of the city under towering vertical cliffs, to Jerez and on to the Bay of Cadiz. The town commands a fine vista atop a sandstone ridge, from which the peak of San Cristobal and the Guadalete Valley can be seen. The town gained its name by being the frontier of Spain's 13th century battle with the Moors.[1]

History

Iglesia de San Pedro in 1874 by Gustave Doré in the work L'Espagne.

There is local evidence that Stone Age cave-dwellers used rocks to form living chambers. Roman ruins also exist in the area.[1]

Arcos became an independent Moorish taifa in 1011 during the protracted collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba. Arcos was associated with the Jerez by 'Abdun ibn Muhammad who ruled from c. 1029/1030 to 1053. The region was overtaken by the Almoravid dynasty in 1091. From 1145 to 1147 the region of Arcos and Jerez was briefly a taifa under dependency of Granada, led by Abu'l-Qasim Ahyal.

The town was a bulwark of Christianity after Alfonso the Wise of Castile (1252–1284) expelled the Moors. He constructed a Gothic cathedral which remains on its high ridge.

It is famed for its ten bells, which tolled throughout the war with the Moors. Several Moorish banners were taken in the nearby battle of Zahara and have been on display in a church in Arcos since 1483.[1]

Main sights

File:Santa María de la Asunción, Arcos de la Frontera.jpg
Basílica Menor de Santa María de la Asunción
File:Castillo de Arcos, Arcos de la Frontera.jpg
Castillo de Arcos
  • Castillo de Arcos (11th-15th-century castle), a medieval castle of Moorish origin, rebuilt almost entirely in the first half of 15th century. Currently it is a private property, it is not open to the public. It has quadrangular plant with four towers at the corners. It was a military alcázar in the Muslim period. On the cover the shields of the Dukes of Arcos are observed.
  • Iglesia de San Francisco (church built between the 16th and 17th centuries)
  • Iglesia de la Caridad (church built between the 16th and 17th centuries)
  • Basílica Menor de Santa María de la Asunción, it was erected after the Reconquista on a Visigothic temple and remains of a 13th and 14th c. mosque. The main facade is Plateresque-Gothic style and the facade which faces Plaza del Cabildo is mostly Renaissance. Its unfinished tower, repaired after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake has Baroque air. Since 1931 it is an Artistic-Historic Monument.
  • Iglesia de San Pedro, it is a 15th-17th c. church built on the basis of an 14th c. Al-Andalusian fortress or watchtower. Are observed different styles, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque, in its tower and facade.
  • Iglesia de San Agustín, founded in 1539 as Convento de San Juan de Letrán. Subsequently occupied the convent the Order of St. Augustine of the Observance. With the Confiscation the last Augustinians are expelled and the convent is abandoned. Currently remains the church.
  • Iglesia de San Miguel, formerly a Moorish fortress, in the 15th century converted into a hermitage, later was rebuilt in 18th century. It was also hospice for orphaned girls. Currently it for exhibitions and lectures.
  • Convento de la Encarnación, is founded in the first half of 16th century. Its main portal is Plateresque and the adjacent is of late-Gothic style. Currently it is a parish hall.
  • Capilla de la Misericordia, a chapel founded in 1490, to house the abandoned children, besides to serve for house and hospital for women. Its facade is Gothic. It is now a conference and exhibition hall.
  • Convento de las Mercedarias Descalzas, the only remaining cloistered convent in Arcos and dates from 1642. Its nuns make sweets sold there and in some candy shops in Arcos. Formerly the nuns mended every kind of clothes, except men's pants.
  • Hospital de San Juan de Dios, a 16th century hospital, formerly it was called as Hospital de San Sebastián. attached to a hermitage. It had at that time 14 charitable hospitals in Arcos, and reunified in 1596 in San Sebastián.
File:Iglesia de San Agusín, Arcos de la Frontera.jpg
Iglesia de San Agustín
File:Palacio del Mayorazgo facade, Arcos de laFrontera.jpg
Palacio del Mayorazgo facade.
  • Palacio de los Condes del Águila, a 15th century late Gothic-Mudéjar palace.
  • Palacio del Mayorazgo, an Herrerian style house-palace built in the 17th century. It is now a municipal building.
  • Asilo de la Caridad, late-16th century.
  • Edificio del Pósito (granary building) with a stone facade of 1738; it was a wheat store in 18th century, where its takes its name. Years later was a public school. Today it is a health center.
  • Birth house of the poet Julio Mariscal, whose facade can seen a commemorative azulejo.
  • Ayuntamiento viejo, (Former City Hall), with a 17th-century stone portal. It moved the City Council to the building that is in front of the castle by stone falls from the rock, which came to affect it.
  • Historic centre. Declared a Historic-Artistic Monument in 1962.[2]
  • Remains of the Roman and Moorish City walls, although very garbled and largely demolished. This walled enclosure comprises only the upper neighborhood of the city. The remains of this wall, which can still recognize on the ground itself, for it the following detailed description of the situation of it makes Miguel Mancheño y Olivares in his book "Apuntes para una historia de Arcos de la Frontera (chapt. V)". Of this wall, the part between the Torre de la Esquina and San Antón, scarcely are remains of its foundations, and having the City Gates Puerta de Jerez and Puerta de Carmona completely disappeared. It preserves, however, although modified, the city gate Puerta de Matrera.[3]

Farmhouses, haciendas and mills

  • Cortijo de San Rafael, (cortijos are farmhouses)
  • Cortijo de la Fuensanta
  • Cortijo Casablanca
  • Cortijo Casa Blanquilla
  • Cortijo Albardén
  • Cortijo del Rey
  • Cortijo el Jadublón
  • Cortijo Faín
  • Cortijo las Posadas
  • Cortijo Nuevo o el Guijo
  • Cortijo o Hacienda el Peral
  • Cortijo Soto del Almirante
  • Hacienda el Santiscal
  • Hacienda de San Andrés Nuevo
  • Molino del Bachiller Viejo, (mill).
  • Molino Nuestra Señora de la Luz o Barrancos, (mill).
  • Molino de San Antón, (mill).

Other interest places

File:Convento de la Encarnación, Arcos de la Frontera.jpg
Plateresque portal of Convento de la Encarnación and 17th c. buttresses in alley Callejón de las Monjas.
  • Calle Nueva, a highlights street because it was the castle moat. With the 1755 Lisbon earthquake collapsed a stretch of wall that blinds the moat and gives rise to this street. It is decorated with pots and frequently locals and is located the old small 'Bar Alcaraván' within a cave.
  • Torre de Santa María, typical narrow street. This particular one has been walled up until a few years ago, it is said to be closed for be a street where frecuently robbed.
  • The Guardacantones, common feature in streets of this town, is a reinforcing of the corners with old columns in which there are capitals of many ages.
  • Alley Callejón de las Monjas, In 1699 are built the flying buttresses crossing this alley and holding the walls of the church began to bend under the weight of the vaults. These buttresses join Santa María and the Convento de la Encarnación.
  • A Roman altar, located in the alley Callejón de las Monjas.
  • Plaza del Cabildo, a main square, one of its sides is occupied by the lateral facade of Santa María, with its tower, the other side is occupied by the Parador de Turismo, other side the Castillo Ducal (Ducal Castle) and the other side is the famous "Mirador de la Peña" (a viewpoint) overlooking the whole area of countryside and orchards. In this square also there a car-parking occuping most part of the square.
  • The Oficina de Turismo y el Centro de Interpretación de la Ciudad de Arcos (the Tourist Office and Interpretation Center of the City of Arcos), located in a typical old house.
  • Plaza Botica, a square where it can eat outside. There is located the Convento de las Mercedarias Descalzas and the Convento de los Jesuitas.
  • Convento de los Jesuitas (Convent of the Jesuits), which began to erect in 1759, stopping to build a few years later because of their expulsion from Spain, thus is unfinished. Today is a supply market.
  • Calle Maldonado, one of the town's most painted streets by artists. In the background is the Tower of the Church of San Pedro.
  • Calle Cuna, it is a narrow street whose name comes because it was the entrance to the shelter of foundling children. A reproduction of this street is located in the Poble Espanyol of Barcelona.
  • Calle Bóvedas, is other typical street of Arcos. Here the slopes are no longer up and begin to descend the hill of the rock.
  • There are very typical in Arcos the called ventanas con orejeras (windows with earmuffs), some holes in the sides of the window, in various ways, to observe from inside what happens abroad.

Formerly monuments

In Cuesta of Belén, in the preamble to the historic centre. Here was one of the three city gates in medieval times, called Puerta de Jerez, which was torn down in 1852. An architect built a replica with his own initiative. This is the only replica of old monuments in Arcos.

Natural sites

File:Cliffs in Arcos de la Frontera.jpg
The cliffs, 11th-15th c. Moorish-origin castle, and 16th-17th c. Gothic church of San Pedro.
  • The cliffs.
  • The river and dam.

Gastronomy

  • Native cuisine: Sausages, Ajo a la molinera. Sopa de Clausura. Gazpacho serrano. Sopa de espárragos. Sopa de tomate. Berza. Garbanzos con tomillo. Revueltos de espárragos. Dishes cooked with game meat, pork and lamb.
  • Sweets: Bollos de Semana Santa. Pestiños. Empanadillas. Compota regada con miel serrana.
  • Young table wines, both white and red.

Besides the Bar Alcaraván, there is also, in the historic centre, bars for tapas like 'Bar la Cárcel', 'Mesón La Rebotica', 'Mesón Los Murales', 'Casa Rural la Campana'. There also an Italian food restaurant the 'Mamma Tina'.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Chisholm 1911.
  2. ^ "Arcos de la Frontera", andaluciarustica.com
  3. ^ "CONJUNTO MONUMENTAL DE LA CIUDAD DE ARCOS DE LA FRONTERA (CÁDIZ)" (pdf file). author: D. Fernando de la Cuadra. March, 1958
Attribution
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Arcos de la Frontera". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

References

  • M. Mancheño y Olivares, Galeria de Arcobricenses illustres (Arcos, 1892)
  • M. Mancheño y Olivares, Riqueza y cultura de Arcos de la Frontera (Arcos, 1898)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arcos de la Frontera.


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