Verraco: Difference between revisions
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* [[Mingorría]] |
* [[Mingorría]] |
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* [[Narrillos de San Leonardo]], Ávila |
* [[Narrillos de San Leonardo]], Ávila |
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* [[El Oso, Ávila|El Oso]] ( |
* [[El Oso, Ávila|El Oso]] (example nicknamed "El oso" (''the bear'') and gives name to the town) |
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* [[San Miguel de Serrezuela]] ( |
* [[San Miguel de Serrezuela]] (today in ''El Torreón de los Guzmanes'' in the city of Ávila) |
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* [[Santa María del Arroyo]] ([[Verraco of Santa María del Arroyo]]) |
* [[Santa María del Arroyo]] ([[Verraco of Santa María del Arroyo]]) |
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* [[Santo Domingo de las Posadas]] (1 example) |
* [[Santo Domingo de las Posadas]] (1 example) |
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* [[Villatoro]] (3 examples) |
* [[Villatoro]] (3 examples) |
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* [[Vicolozano]], Ávila |
* [[Vicolozano]], Ávila |
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=== Province of Salamanca === |
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* [[Ciudad Rodrigo]] (2 examples, one of them from Gallegos de Argañán) |
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* [[Gallegos de Argañán]] (one today in the Museum of [[Salamanca]] and other in the Casa de la Cultura in [[Ciudad Rodrigo]]) |
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* [[Juzbado]] |
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* [[Larrodrigo]] |
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* [[Ledesma, Castile and León|Ledesma]] |
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* [[Lumbrales]] (2 verracos) |
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* [[Masueco]] (today in the Museum of [[Salamanca]]) |
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* [[Monleón]] |
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* [[Puente del Congosto]] |
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* [[La Redonda]] (today in the Museum of [[Salamanca]]) |
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* [[Salamanca]] (the [[Verraco of the bridge, Salamanca|verraco of the bridge]] cited in ''[[El Lazarillo de Tormes]]'' next to the [[Roman bridge of Salamanca|Roman bridge]] and several examples in the Museum) |
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* [[San Felices de los Gallegos]] |
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* [[Santibáñez de Béjar]] |
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* [[Tabera de Abajo]] |
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* [[Yecla de Yeltes]] ([[Castro de Yecla la Vieja]], today in the Aula arqueológica) |
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=== Province of Segovia === |
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* [[Segovia]] (2 ejemplares: un toro y un jabalí; actualmente en el Museo Provincial).<ref name="escultura_segoviana">{{cita libro | apellidos = MARTÍN| nombre = José Luis| título = La escultura segoviana| año = 1992| ubicación = Segovia| isbn = 84-606-0909-X| páginas = 231-235}}</ref> |
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* [[Coca (Segovia)|Coca]] (3 ejemplares: dos frente al arco de la Villa<ref name="escultura_segoviana"></ref> y uno incrustado en los muros del [[Castillo de Coca|castillo]]). |
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===== Province of Toledo ===== |
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* [[La Puebla de Montalbán]]. One example, found in 2006 and placed in the Museum "La Celestina".<ref>{{Cite web| author= City Council of La Puebla de Montalbán| year= 2010| title= El VII aniversario del Museo ‘La Celestina' acercará al público el verraco encontrado en La Puebla| url= http://www.pueblademontalban.com/ayto/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=448&Itemid=62| fechaacceso= 26 de mayo de 2010}}</ref> |
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* [[Castillo de Bayuela]] 2 examples. Located in the Plaza de San Antonio and in almost perfect condition. |
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*[[Talavera de la Reina]]. Known as «cabeza del moro» to be embedded in a wall and only see the head. |
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* [[Talavera la Nueva]] |
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* [[Torralba de Oropesa]] |
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* [[Torrecilla de la Jara]] (2 examples) |
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===== Province of Zamora ===== |
===== Province of Zamora ===== |
Revision as of 15:34, 17 August 2016
The verracos (English: boar) (Spanish: verraco; Portuguese: berrão) are Vettones's granite megalithic monuments, sculptures of animals that are to be found in the west of the Iberian meseta - the high central plain of the Iberian peninsula - in the Spanish provinces of Ávila, Salamanca, Zamora, and Cáceres, but also in the north of Portugal and Galicia. Over 400 have been identified.
The Spanish word verraco normally refers to boars and the sculptures are sometimes called verracos de piedra (pigs of stone) to distinguish them from live animals. The stone verracos appear to represent not only pigs but also other animals. Some have been identified as bulls, and the village of El Oso, Ávila, named for "the Bear", has a verraco which supposedly represents a bear. Their dates range from the mid 4th to 1st centuries BC. There is some similar zoomorphic monument markers in lands of Poland from the same period or older.[citation needed]
Though they were perhaps not confined to a single usage, the verracos were an essential part of the landscape of the Vettones, one of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula. It has generally been assumed from their high visibility in their original open fields surroundings that these sculptures had some protective religious significance, whether guarding the security of livestock or as funerary monuments (some of them bear Latin funerary inscriptions). The verracos are particularly numerous too in the vicinity of the walled Celtiberian communities that Romans called oppida.
Notable verracos
Portugal
- Murça
- Torre de Dona Chama
- Berroa
- Marvão
- Head of berrão, with right eye clearly visible, found in the Abegoa area of Marvão. Today in Municipal Museum in Marvão.
Spain
Castile and León
Province of Ávila
- Aldea del Rey Niño
- Arévalo (one example in the Palacio del general Vicente de Río)
- Ávila (14 examples from Tornadizos and 3 found next to Adaja River)
- Cardeñosa (Castro of Las Cogotas)
- Chamartín (5 examples, the best preserved is the Verraco of the Castro de la Mesa de Miranda)
- Martiherrero (4 verracos)
- Mingorría
- Narrillos de San Leonardo, Ávila
- El Oso (example nicknamed "El oso" (the bear) and gives name to the town)
- San Miguel de Serrezuela (today in El Torreón de los Guzmanes in the city of Ávila)
- Santa María del Arroyo (Verraco of Santa María del Arroyo)
- Santo Domingo de las Posadas (1 example)
- Solosancho (2 examples, Castro de Ulaca)
- El Tiemblo (4 examples, the known "Bulls of Guisando")
- Tornadizos de Ávila (8 examples preserved)
- La Torre (2 headless verracos in the atrium of the church and other embedded in a wall)
- Villanueva del Campillo (2 verracos, one of them the largest in Europe)
- Villatoro (3 examples)
- Vicolozano, Ávila
Province of Salamanca
- Ciudad Rodrigo (2 examples, one of them from Gallegos de Argañán)
- Gallegos de Argañán (one today in the Museum of Salamanca and other in the Casa de la Cultura in Ciudad Rodrigo)
- Juzbado
- Larrodrigo
- Ledesma
- Lumbrales (2 verracos)
- Masueco (today in the Museum of Salamanca)
- Monleón
- Puente del Congosto
- La Redonda (today in the Museum of Salamanca)
- Salamanca (the verraco of the bridge cited in El Lazarillo de Tormes next to the Roman bridge and several examples in the Museum)
- San Felices de los Gallegos
- Santibáñez de Béjar
- Tabera de Abajo
- Yecla de Yeltes (Castro de Yecla la Vieja, today in the Aula arqueológica)
Province of Segovia
- Segovia (2 ejemplares: un toro y un jabalí; actualmente en el Museo Provincial).[2]
- Coca (3 ejemplares: dos frente al arco de la Villa[2] y uno incrustado en los muros del castillo).
Province of Toledo
- La Puebla de Montalbán. One example, found in 2006 and placed in the Museum "La Celestina".[3]
- Castillo de Bayuela 2 examples. Located in the Plaza de San Antonio and in almost perfect condition.
- Talavera de la Reina. Known as «cabeza del moro» to be embedded in a wall and only see the head.
- Talavera la Nueva
- Torralba de Oropesa
- Torrecilla de la Jara (2 examples)
Province of Zamora
Extremadura
Province of Cáceres
- Botija (Castro de Villasviejas del Tamuja, "Tamusia")
- Guadalupe (Caserío de Mirabel)
- Jaraíz de la Vera
- Madrigalejo (currently in the Archaeological Museum of Cáceres)
- Segura de Toro
- Valdelacasa de Tajo
- Villar del Pedroso
- Pasarón de la Vera It was possibly destroyed in the 19th century, but still forming part of its coat of arms.
Further reading
- J. Leite de Vasconcelos, Religiões da Lusitânia, Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda, Lisbon.
- Eduardo Sánchez Moreno, 2000. Vetones: Historia y Arqueología de un pueblo prerromano (Madrid: Ediciones de la Universidad Autónoma)
External links
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b La escultura segoviana. Segovia. 1992. pp. 231–235.
{{cite book}}
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ City Council of La Puebla de Montalbán (2010). "El VII aniversario del Museo 'La Celestina' acercará al público el verraco encontrado en La Puebla".
{{cite web}}
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- Jesús R. Álvarez-Sanchís, "Oppida and Celtic society in western Spain," in e-Celtoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies vol 6 (The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula)
- Photo gallery of verracos