Coordinates: 42°20′14″N 3°39′25″W / 42.33722°N 3.65694°W / 42.33722; -3.65694

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| area =
| area =
| built = 1401
| built = 1401
| rebuilt = 1454-1488
| rebuilt = 1454-1484
| founded = 1441
| founded = 1442
| restored = July 28, 1484
| restored = July 28, 1484
| architect = [[Juan de Colonia]] and [[Simon de Colonia]]
| architect = [[Juan de Colonia]] and [[Simón de Colonia]]
| architecture = [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]
| architecture = [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]
| governing_body = [[Carthusian Order]]
| governing_body = [[Carthusian Order]]
Line 25: Line 25:
| designation1_number = RI-51-0000238
| designation1_number = RI-51-0000238
}}
}}
'''Miraflores Charterhouse''' ({{lang-es|Cartuja de Miraflores}}) is a charterhouse, or [[Carthusian]] [[monastery]], located in the city of [[Burgos]] in [[Spain]].<ref>The name ''miraflores'' refers an area with flowers</ref>
'''Miraflores Charterhouse''' ({{lang-es|Cartuja de Miraflores}}) is a charterhouse, or [[Carthusian]] [[monastery]] of the [[Carthusians|Order of the Carthusians]] built on a hill (known as Miraflores) about three kilometers from the [[Spain|Spanish]] city center of [[Burgos]], autonomous community of [[Castile and León]], in [[Spain]].


Its origin dates back to 1442, when the king [[John II of Castile]] decided to donate to the [[Carthusians|Order of the Carthusians]] for conversion into monastery a hunting lodge located outside the city ​​of [[Burgos]], which had been erected by his father [[Henry III of Castile]] in 1401. In this way, the king fulfilled the will of his father stated in his will. The Carthusian monks, from other Hispanic Carthusians, were installed on this site until a fire in 1452 caused the destruction of the pavilion.
For centuries it was a summer residence of the [[Spanish monarchy]] and is one of the most important [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] buildings of Spain.


In 1453 was decided to build a new building, the existing today, which was placed under the patronage of Saint Mary of the Annunciation. The works were commissioned to [[Juan de Colonia]], starting in 1454, being continued after his death by his son, [[Simón de Colonia]].
⚫
== Location ==


The works were completed in 1484 at the behest of Queen [[Isabella I of Castile]], survivor daughter of the kings [[John II of Castile]] and [[Isabella of Portugal]], which were [[Sepulchers of John II and Isabella of Portugal|buried]] in the sanctuary of the temple.
It is situated in the east part of the city of Burgos, in the ''Fuentes Blancas'' urban park.


It is a later-[[Gothic]] jewel, in its set highlights the church with western facade in [[Isabelline Gothic]] style decorated with the coats of its founders. The temple consists of a single nave with starry vault, with side chapels, and topped by a polygonal apse.
==History==
The buildings were originally built as a palace for [[Henry III of Castile]] in 1401, while his son [[John II of Castile]] gave it to the [[Carthusian Order]] in order to make it a royal burial place, and in 1441 the abbey was founded.<ref>[http://www.burgos.es/provincia/monumentos-y-lugares/cartuja-de-miraflores Cartuja de Miraflores] Burgos.es {{es icon}}</ref> In 1452 the palace was damaged by fire and reconstruction started in 1454 under the direction of the architects [[Juan de Colonia]] and [[Simón de Colonia]]. The restoration was finished in 1484, during the reign of [[Isabella I of Castile]].


== Situation and access ==
==Works of art==
The Charterhouse is 3 km east of the city center of [[Burgos]], in the [[Fuentes Blancas|parque de Fuentes Blancas]], next to [[Arlanzón River]].
[[File:Burgos Cartuja de Miraflores PM 73411 E.jpg|thumb|250px|Altarpiece by Gil de Siloé]]
The monument is connected to the city by road and can also be reached on foot in a natural way. It is possible to go by bus or taxi from the city and also there is free parking for private vehicles and buses.
There are several works by [[Gil de Siloé]]:
<ref name="Directions - Official Website of the Miraflores Charterhouse">{{web cite|
| title=Directions - Official Website of the Miraflores Charterhouse
| url=http://www.cartuja.org/visita/mapa/
| accessdate=August 27, 2015}}</ref>


⚫
== Origins ==
*The main altarpiece.
First was erected in 1401 the Palace - alcázar of Miraflores, built by King [[Henry III of Castile|Henry III of Castile "the Sufferer"]].<ref>[http://www.cartuja.org/cultura/historia/medieval/ "The Medieval Foundation, Miraflores Charterhouse", cartuja.org]</ref> Then, the Miraflores Charterhouse was founded in 1442 after the donation to the [[Carthusians|Order of the Carthusians]] by King [[John II of Castile]] inside the Palace - alcázar of Miraflores. This original monastery, originally placed under the patronage of [[Francis of Assisi|Saint Francis of Assisi]], suffered a fire in 1452 causing a new approach to the building according to the current design, which was commissioned the architect [[Juan de Colonia]], who worked at that time in the [[Cathedral of Burgos]].
*The mausoleum of King John II of Castile and of his wife, [[Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Castile|Isabella of Portugal]].
*The funeral monument of [[Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1453–1468)|Alfonso]], son of John II and brother of Isabella I of Castile.


{{Quote | [...] By which I offered to the blessed their order [Charterhouse] which then were my palaces of the blessed Miraflores and are now the blessed monastery of Saint Francis of Assisi of the blessed Order of Cartuxa". (written in [[Medieval Spanish]])<ref> Estract the founding privilege of the Charterhouse by John II of Castile.</ref>}}
Other works include a sculpture of ''[[Bruno of Cologne|Saint Bruno]]'' by Manuel Pereira, and an ''Annunciation'' by [[Pedro Berruguete]].


With the arrival to the throne of the daughter of John II, [[Isabella I of Castile]], works in the monastery resumed its pace from the year 1477, being undertaken new projects such as the [[Sepulchers of John II and Isabella of Portugal|Sepulchers of the Kings]] or the Altarpiece. It will continue the architectural tracery of Garci Fernández de Matienzo and later [[Simón de Colonia]], son of [[Juan de Colonia]], finishing the works of vaulting of the temple the year 1484.
== Cultural heritage==


Between 1532 and 1539 undertaken other architectural works in the monastery under the direction of Diego de Mendieta, designed to create the side chapels and give greater height to the church as well as the incorporation of [[spires]] and [[pinnacles]], and the incorporation of the [[cresting]].
{{Empty section|date=February 2013}}
===19th-century drawings of the Miraflores Charterhouse===
Both of these sights exist today
<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" >
File:John II of Castile Miraflores Charterhouse 1865.jpg|Sepulchers of John II of Castile and Isabella of Portugal in the Miraflores Charterhouse by [[Jenaro Pérez Villaamil]] in 1865. Lithograph published in the work España artística y monumental.
File:Tomb of infante Don Alonso 1865.jpg|Sepulcher of the infante Alfonso in the Miraflores Charterhouse by [[Jenaro Pérez Villaamil]] in 1865. Lithograph published in the work España artística y monumental.
</gallery>

===Written sources===
The sources for the study of the Miraflores Charterhouse include writings of various kinds
* '''Compendium of the [[Libro becerro]]''' entitled ''Brief and compendious news of the foundation of this Miraflores Charterhouse taken from the Libro Becerro with other news worthy of knowing '', and covering events and privileges granted to the Charterhouse from 1442-1764.
* '''Other sources''', among which are the following contributions:
** Iglesia, Fr. Nicolás, [http://bibliotecadigital.jcyl.es/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=8351 "Flowers of Miraflores sacred hieroglyphics, figurative truths, true shadows of the Mysterio of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin and Mother of God Mary Our Lady […<nowiki>]</nowiki>»],, Burgos, 1659.
** Vallés, José de, "First Institute of Sacred Religion of the Cartuxa: foundations of convents throughout Spain, martyrs of England and generals of the whole order" Madrid, 1663.
** Arias de Miranda, Juan, "Historical Notes on the Cartuja de Miraflores Burgos» Burgos, 1843.
** Tarín and Juaneda, Francisco, "The Real Miraflores Charterhouse (Burgos). Its History and description" Burgos, 1896.

==Exterior set==
===Floor===
[[File:Plano de la Cartuja de Miraflores (Burgos).jpg|thumb|472x472px|right|Plan of the Miraflores Charterhouse (Burgos)]]
The [[Floor plan|floor]] of the '''monastery''' follows the pattern of other [[Carthusian Monastery|Carthusian monasteries]] of the Middle Ages. The floor develops from the placement of the church and the plotting of two main [[cloister]]s for each of the groups of Carthusian monks who inhabit it: '''Fathers''' and '''Brothers'''. Around these two cloisters are the individual hermitages that allows the monk to live the solitude and silence own of the Carthusian spirituality. This part of the monastery is not visitable.

The floor of the '''church''' is formed by a single quadripartite longitudinal nave, distinguishing the spaces of the [[chancel]], the choir of the Fathers, the choir of the Brothers and stay of the faithfuls. The nave is closed with vaults with tiercerons, maintaining the original layout of [[Gothic (architecture)|Gothic]] style.

===Portal===
[[File:Portada Cartuja.jpg|left|thumb|Portal of the Miraflores Charterhouse|342x342px.]]
The [[Portal (architecture)|portal]] of the church rose in the year 1486 and was originally located on the left side of the temple, providing access to the faithful directly from outside the monastery. It consists of a pointed [[archivolt]]s decorated with plants, animals and some human figurative motifs located under a big [[ogee]] with [[poaceae]]s. In the [[Tympanum (architecture)|tympanum]] represents the motive for the [[Compassion|Compassion of the Virgin]], which according to the late-Medieval iconographic canons, shows the Virgin sitting with her son died in her arms, accompanied by the symbols of the moon and sun.

Stylistically it is linked to the works of the [[Colonia family|Colonia]] (father and son), who participated in the rising of the temple. It can also relate with other portals of other Burgalese temples, like the church of [[San Nicolás de Bari, Burgos|San Nicolás de Bari]] or the church of [[San Lesmes Abad]].

Between 1657 and 1659 was ordered to transfer to the current location, where getting from the Patio de la portería and connecting to the nave of the temple. In the year 2010 it proceeded to restore the portal to returning to the original condition, especially recovering the Compassion of the Virgin sculpture.

[[File:Foto del Patio.JPG|thumb|228x228px|Interior courtyard of the Charterhouse.]]

===Courtyard===
The [[Portal (architecture)|portal]] of entrance to the church of the Charterhouse is currently located in a courtyard of entrance landscaped with a statue of [[Bruno of Cologne|Saint Bruno of Cologne]], founder of the [[Carthusians|Order]]. Its tracery dates from the first half of the 16th century, originally serving as connection of the stays of the monastery with the service units and the portería.

The arcaded [[long gallery]] preceding the courtyard is formed by [[arches]] forming [[groin vault]]s recessed finished off in [[Keystone (architecture)|keystones]] with modular decoration. In the year 2010 the [[cloister]] is intervened to ensure the maintenance of the walls and consolidate waters off the courtyard, that suffered inclement weather.


== Transport ==
== Transport ==

Revision as of 01:41, 4 July 2016

Miraflores Charterhouse
Native name
Spanish: Cartuja de Miraflores
Facade of the monastery
LocationBurgos, Castile and León, Spain
Founded1442
Built1401
Rebuilt1454-1484
RestoredJuly 28, 1484
ArchitectJuan de Colonia and Simón de Colonia
Architectural style(s)Gothic
Governing bodyCarthusian Order
Official nameCartuja de Miraflores
TypeNon-movable
CriteriaMonument
DesignatedJanuary 5, 1923[1]
Reference no.RI-51-0000238
Miraflores Charterhouse is located in Spain
Miraflores Charterhouse
Location of Miraflores Charterhouse in Spain

Miraflores Charterhouse (Spanish: Cartuja de Miraflores) is a charterhouse, or Carthusian monastery of the Order of the Carthusians built on a hill (known as Miraflores) about three kilometers from the Spanish city center of Burgos, autonomous community of Castile and León, in Spain.

Its origin dates back to 1442, when the king John II of Castile decided to donate to the Order of the Carthusians for conversion into monastery a hunting lodge located outside the city ​​of Burgos, which had been erected by his father Henry III of Castile in 1401. In this way, the king fulfilled the will of his father stated in his will. The Carthusian monks, from other Hispanic Carthusians, were installed on this site until a fire in 1452 caused the destruction of the pavilion.

In 1453 was decided to build a new building, the existing today, which was placed under the patronage of Saint Mary of the Annunciation. The works were commissioned to Juan de Colonia, starting in 1454, being continued after his death by his son, Simón de Colonia.

The works were completed in 1484 at the behest of Queen Isabella I of Castile, survivor daughter of the kings John II of Castile and Isabella of Portugal, which were buried in the sanctuary of the temple.

It is a later-Gothic jewel, in its set highlights the church with western facade in Isabelline Gothic style decorated with the coats of its founders. The temple consists of a single nave with starry vault, with side chapels, and topped by a polygonal apse.

Situation and access

The Charterhouse is 3 km east of the city center of Burgos, in the parque de Fuentes Blancas, next to Arlanzón River. The monument is connected to the city by road and can also be reached on foot in a natural way. It is possible to go by bus or taxi from the city and also there is free parking for private vehicles and buses. [2]

Origins

First was erected in 1401 the Palace - alcázar of Miraflores, built by King Henry III of Castile "the Sufferer".[3] Then, the Miraflores Charterhouse was founded in 1442 after the donation to the Order of the Carthusians by King John II of Castile inside the Palace - alcázar of Miraflores. This original monastery, originally placed under the patronage of Saint Francis of Assisi, suffered a fire in 1452 causing a new approach to the building according to the current design, which was commissioned the architect Juan de Colonia, who worked at that time in the Cathedral of Burgos.

[...] By which I offered to the blessed their order [Charterhouse] which then were my palaces of the blessed Miraflores and are now the blessed monastery of Saint Francis of Assisi of the blessed Order of Cartuxa". (written in Medieval Spanish)[4]

With the arrival to the throne of the daughter of John II, Isabella I of Castile, works in the monastery resumed its pace from the year 1477, being undertaken new projects such as the Sepulchers of the Kings or the Altarpiece. It will continue the architectural tracery of Garci Fernández de Matienzo and later Simón de Colonia, son of Juan de Colonia, finishing the works of vaulting of the temple the year 1484.

Between 1532 and 1539 undertaken other architectural works in the monastery under the direction of Diego de Mendieta, designed to create the side chapels and give greater height to the church as well as the incorporation of spires and pinnacles, and the incorporation of the cresting.

19th-century drawings of the Miraflores Charterhouse

Both of these sights exist today

  • Sepulchers of John II of Castile and Isabella of Portugal in the Miraflores Charterhouse by Jenaro Pérez Villaamil in 1865. Lithograph published in the work España artística y monumental.
    Sepulchers of John II of Castile and Isabella of Portugal in the Miraflores Charterhouse by Jenaro Pérez Villaamil in 1865. Lithograph published in the work España artística y monumental.
  • Sepulcher of the infante Alfonso in the Miraflores Charterhouse by Jenaro Pérez Villaamil in 1865. Lithograph published in the work España artística y monumental.
    Sepulcher of the infante Alfonso in the Miraflores Charterhouse by Jenaro Pérez Villaamil in 1865. Lithograph published in the work España artística y monumental.

Written sources

The sources for the study of the Miraflores Charterhouse include writings of various kinds

Exterior set

Floor

Plan of the Miraflores Charterhouse (Burgos)

The floor of the monastery follows the pattern of other Carthusian monasteries of the Middle Ages. The floor develops from the placement of the church and the plotting of two main cloisters for each of the groups of Carthusian monks who inhabit it: Fathers and Brothers. Around these two cloisters are the individual hermitages that allows the monk to live the solitude and silence own of the Carthusian spirituality. This part of the monastery is not visitable.

The floor of the church is formed by a single quadripartite longitudinal nave, distinguishing the spaces of the chancel, the choir of the Fathers, the choir of the Brothers and stay of the faithfuls. The nave is closed with vaults with tiercerons, maintaining the original layout of Gothic style.

Portal

342x342px.

The portal of the church rose in the year 1486 and was originally located on the left side of the temple, providing access to the faithful directly from outside the monastery. It consists of a pointed archivolts decorated with plants, animals and some human figurative motifs located under a big ogee with poaceaes. In the tympanum represents the motive for the Compassion of the Virgin, which according to the late-Medieval iconographic canons, shows the Virgin sitting with her son died in her arms, accompanied by the symbols of the moon and sun.

Stylistically it is linked to the works of the Colonia (father and son), who participated in the rising of the temple. It can also relate with other portals of other Burgalese temples, like the church of San Nicolás de Bari or the church of San Lesmes Abad.

Between 1657 and 1659 was ordered to transfer to the current location, where getting from the Patio de la portería and connecting to the nave of the temple. In the year 2010 it proceeded to restore the portal to returning to the original condition, especially recovering the Compassion of the Virgin sculpture.

Interior courtyard of the Charterhouse.

Courtyard

The portal of entrance to the church of the Charterhouse is currently located in a courtyard of entrance landscaped with a statue of Saint Bruno of Cologne, founder of the Order. Its tracery dates from the first half of the 16th century, originally serving as connection of the stays of the monastery with the service units and the portería.

The arcaded long gallery preceding the courtyard is formed by arches forming groin vaults recessed finished off in keystones with modular decoration. In the year 2010 the cloister is intervened to ensure the maintenance of the walls and consolidate waters off the courtyard, that suffered inclement weather.

Transport

The charterhouse can be accessed on foot and by private car. There is public parking in front of the monastery. The bus line 17 connects the Plaza de España with the charterhouse on all religious holidays and Sunday mornings.[5]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cartuja de Miraflores (Burgos).

References

  1. ^ Template:Bien de Interés Cultural
  2. ^ "Directions - Official Website of the Miraflores Charterhouse". Retrieved August 27, 2015. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  3. ^ "The Medieval Foundation, Miraflores Charterhouse", cartuja.org
  4. ^ Estract the founding privilege of the Charterhouse by John II of Castile.
  5. ^ "17 Plaza de España - Cartuja de Miraflores".

42°20′14″N 3°39′25″W / 42.33722°N 3.65694°W / 42.33722; -3.65694

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