Monastery of Uclés: Difference between revisions
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:20070415 - Monasterio de Uclés - Vista desde el oeste (2).jpg|thumb|220px|View of the Monasterio de Uclés on top of the hill of El Portillo (from the West).]] |
[[File:20070415 - Monasterio de Uclés - Vista desde el oeste (2).jpg|thumb|220px|View of the Monasterio de Uclés on top of the hill of El Portillo (from the West).]] |
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[[File:Uclés (Cuenca) monasterio (FJ Parcerisa 1853).png|thumb|220px|Engraving of Francisco Javier Parcerisa in 1853, shows the |
[[File:Uclés (Cuenca) monasterio (FJ Parcerisa 1853).png|thumb|220px|Engraving of Francisco Javier Parcerisa in 1853, shows the [[spire]]s of the monastery, later were lopped due to a 1877 fire, and not were restored.<ref>Parcerisa, F. J. ''[http://books.google.es/books?id=ybw-gefrCV4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=related:BNC1001979701#v=onepage&q&f=false Memories and beauties of Spain: Castile The New]" (Volume II). Madrid: Imprenta de D. José Repullés; 1853, p. 558.</ref>]] |
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The hill on which is located the monastery, hosted in the ancient times a [[Celtiberian]] [[Castros (Spain)|castro]]. Were however the [[Al-Andalus|Muslims]] who built a fortress with imposing defensive parapets, some of which can be seen yet today. After being definitely conquered by the Christians, the king [[Alfonso VIII of Castile]] in 1174 ceded the castle to the [[Order of Santiago]], becoming its main headquarters. Over time, it was forming an intricate set of dependencies, in that resided the members of the order, who joined the fortress and the church built after the Christian conquest. |
The hill on which is located the monastery, hosted in the ancient times a [[Celtiberian]] [[Castros (Spain)|castro]]. Were however the [[Al-Andalus|Muslims]] who built a fortress with imposing defensive parapets, some of which can be seen yet today. After being definitely conquered by the Christians, the king [[Alfonso VIII of Castile]] in 1174 ceded the castle to the [[Order of Santiago]], becoming its main headquarters. Over time, it was forming an intricate set of dependencies, in that resided the members of the order, who joined the fortress and the church built after the Christian conquest. |
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==Monastery== |
==Monastery== |
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The result of the long period during which were carried out the works, can be seen in the monastery three architectural styles: [[Plateresque]], [[Herrerian]] and [[Churrigueresque]], making it an ideal place for a review of history of art. The east wing of the monastery, of the first half of the 16th century, was executed in [[Plateresque]] style. The church, which occupies the north wing, and was completed in 1602, is of [[Herrerian]] style. The rest of the monastery, built in the 17th century is of [[Spanish Baroque architecture|Baroque]] and culminates with its [[Churrigueresque]] facade work by [[Pedro de Ribera]]. |
The result of the long period during which were carried out the works, can be seen in the monastery three architectural styles: [[Plateresque]], [[Herrerian]] and [[Churrigueresque]], making it an ideal place for a review of history of art. The east wing of the monastery, of the first half of the 16th century, was executed in [[Plateresque]] style. The church, which occupies the north wing, and was completed in 1602, is of [[Herrerian]] style. The rest of the monastery, built in the 17th century is of [[Spanish Baroque architecture|Baroque]] and culminates with its [[Churrigueresque]] facade work by [[Pedro de Ribera]]. |
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===Plateresque Style=== |
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[[File::20070415 - Monasterio de Uclés - Fachada este (plateresca).jpg|thumb|right|Eastern facade.]] |
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It is so named because its decoration imitates the filigrees that the goldsmiths performed on silver. The building was designed by [[Enrique Egas]] and its execution corresponds to the following masters: [[Francisco de Luna]], [[Pedro de Vandelvira]], [[Gaspar de Vega]], [[Pedro Tolosa]] [[Diego de Alcántara]] and [[Bartolomé Ruiz]] (16th century). |
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The Plateresque decoration is clearly seen in the windows of the eastern facade where is appraised certain asymmetry. Are repeated the motifs: skulls, shells, crosses and allegorical motifs. The [[coffered]] of its [[refectory]], woodcarving of [[Pinus palustris|longleaf pine]], is composed of thirty-six [[coffer]]s corresponding to thirty-six busts of masters, priors and knights of the [[Order of Santiago]]. Prominent among them the dedicated to Don [[Álvaro de Luna]] (instead of his effigy contains a crowned skull surrounded by the inscription "{{versalita|You, noble barons, know that i to no one forgive}}", referring to the death) and the [[Carlos V, Holy Roman Emperor]] which occupies the central place with its imperial attributes: a sword and an orb. On the south side contains a shield of Spain. The old [[sacristy]] has two naves at right angles. Its dome is ribbed with ogival elements. The Plateresque work cover friezes, columns and pilasters. |
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[[File:20070415 - Monasterio de Uclés - Vista de la torre de la cabecera de la iglesia desde el patio.jpg|thumb|right|View of the tower of the head of the church from the patio.]] |
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===Herrerian Style=== |
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The '''church''' is work by [[Francisco de Mora]] (disciple of [[Juan de Herrera]], architect of El Escorial), which was in charge of the works for twenty years. So sometimes is called the monastery as the "Escorial of La Mancha".<ref>[http://www.spain.info/es/conoce/monumentos/cuenca/monasterio_de_ucles.html Monasterio de Uclés, el Escorial de la Mancha]. Instituto de Turismo de España. Accessed 4/21/2013.</ref> Is of Latin cross and has a single nave with five sections and a high choir. Sixty-five meters long and twelve wide. The [[cruise]] is higher and it close in lantern shape. The [[dome]] is of half orange and is adorned with gores on scallops, is of [[Antonio Segura (architect)|Antonio Segura]]. The cruise is separated by a [[grille]] decorated with the royal arms and the cross of Saint James. In its only nave it form side chapels interconnected (where there is currently an exhibition on the history of the Order of Santiago) that form as two aisles. Its construction was completed in 1598. |
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The '''altarpiece''' is of Greco-Roman style with Baroque trends. It was commissioned to [[Francisco García Dardero]]. The painting of Saint James presiding the altarpiece is by [[Francisco Rizi]] painter of [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]]. |
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[[File:Monasterio de Uclés (Cuenca). Iglesia.jpg|thumb|left| [[Herrerian|Herrerian architecture]]. Francisco de Mora.]] |
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The '''pantheon'''. Between the sacristy and the church is the entrance to the [[crypt]], which has a Latin cross. Today is intended for theater and there are no remains of burials. The old church was grave of illustrious personages of the Order of Santiago. There were buried Doña [[Urraca]], the Grand Master [[Rodrigo Manrique de Lara|Rodrigo Manrique]] and his wife, and his famous son [[Jorge Manrique]] and many personages more of the Order. By building the present church (1602) the graves existing in the church of Santiago were relocated in a subterranean of the same, which is coming down a ladder of eighty steps that had in a chapel under the choir. |
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It is discussed if in a cell in the crypt, that theree under the main altar, was prisoner [[Francisco de Quevedo]], there reviews for all tastes. |
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In the 17th century was built the patio of the monastery with two floors of galleries, the superior closed as a balconies, as well as the staircase leading to the second floor. |
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The '''cloister'''. Has thirty-six balconies, in honor of the thirty-six reglares canons who came from Loyo (the masters were forty-four). The top of the cloister is closed and the bottom open. |
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The '''west facade''' was planned by [[Francisco de Mora]], but was not performed by him. It is also of Herrerian style and in it is the front entrance of the church. Next is a piece of wall of the former Arab construction. This facade is flanked by two towers with high [[spire]]s (similar to that left) that disappeared in the 19th century in the fires of 1845 and 1877 and that with the respective plans should recover at some point, keeping the original plan of the work. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 01:13, 23 April 2016
| Monasterio de Uclés | |
|---|---|
| Native name Spanish: Monasterio de Uclés | |
| File:Part of the facade of the Monasterio de Uclés.jpg Part of the facade of the Monasterio de Uclés | |
| Location | Uclés, Spain |
| Official name | Monasterio de Santiago Apóstol y Castillo |
| Type | Monument |
| Designated | 03/06/1931 |
| Reference no. | RI-51-0000548 |
  Location of Monasterio de Uclés in Spain | |
The Monastery de Santiago de Uclés is in the Spanish town of Uclés in Castile-La Mancha and was built by the Order of Santiago, whose main headquarters (Caput Ordinis, "Head of the order") was there.
Location
The monastery is at the top of a hill, at the foot of the east, it unfolds the town of Uclés. The monastery is part of a large complex of buildings built during different historical periods, beginning during the Muslim domination, reaching its fullness as a fortress during its possession by the Order of Santiago, which were their most important home and acquiring its present aspect once ended the Reconquista.
History
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_Monasterio_de_Ucl%C3%A9s_(Cuenca).png?lang=en)
The hill on which is located the monastery, hosted in the ancient times a Celtiberian castro. Were however the Muslims who built a fortress with imposing defensive parapets, some of which can be seen yet today. After being definitely conquered by the Christians, the king Alfonso VIII of Castile in 1174 ceded the castle to the Order of Santiago, becoming its main headquarters. Over time, it was forming an intricate set of dependencies, in that resided the members of the order, who joined the fortress and the church built after the Christian conquest.
After the end of the Reconquista, the set of buildings underwent a radical remodeling, which wiped out much of the defensive elements of the castle and it gave the current appearance. Not so with the walls, which are still preserved: a first wall protected the old orchard, watered with the waters of the Bedija river; a second, currently in very poor condition, still leaves glimpse its disposal in the form of sawtooth.
The construction of the monastery began on May 7, 1529, during the reign of Carlos V, Holy Roman Emperor (the crown had acquired in 16th century the maestrazgo of the order), starting in the east wing, which is of Plateresque style. The original traces are by Enrique Egas. In the last quarter of the 16th century began the construction of the church, of Herrerian style. Later in the 17th century continued the works on the courtyard and the main staircase, while were concluded the west and south wings. The work was completed in 1735, under the reign of Philip V, rising a body the Eastern nave and being finished the main cover, that is Churrigueresque style.
For its construction was used stone from the hill "Cabeza del Griego" (Segobriga), especially in the eastern facade. In 1836, with the confiscation of Mendizábal, the Order of Santiago had to leave the building. In the early 20th century the monastery was intended to secundary school, and later to novitiate and college of Augustinians, until that in 1936 it was looted and smashed inside, settled then in it a makeshift hospital. Finished the Spanish Civil War, was dedicated to prison for political prisoners between 1939 and 1943, during which time died some prisoners, executed under sentence or because of various diseases and were buried in an area outside the monastery, known as "La Tahona". Closed the prison, was restored and hosted in October 1949 the minor seminary of the bishopric of Cuenca, with the name of Minor Seminary "Santiago Apóstol".
Bien de Interés Cultural
The monastery was declared a National Monument on 3 June 1931.[2] Under the protection of the Generic declaration of the Decree of April 22, 1949, and the Law 16/1985 on Spanish Historical Heritage. In 2003 protection was extended to its environment.[3]
Monastery
The result of the long period during which were carried out the works, can be seen in the monastery three architectural styles: Plateresque, Herrerian and Churrigueresque, making it an ideal place for a review of history of art. The east wing of the monastery, of the first half of the 16th century, was executed in Plateresque style. The church, which occupies the north wing, and was completed in 1602, is of Herrerian style. The rest of the monastery, built in the 17th century is of Baroque and culminates with its Churrigueresque facade work by Pedro de Ribera.
Plateresque Style
[[File::20070415 - Monasterio de Uclés - Fachada este (plateresca).jpg|thumb|right|Eastern facade.]] It is so named because its decoration imitates the filigrees that the goldsmiths performed on silver. The building was designed by Enrique Egas and its execution corresponds to the following masters: Francisco de Luna, Pedro de Vandelvira, Gaspar de Vega, Pedro Tolosa Diego de Alcántara and Bartolomé Ruiz (16th century).
The Plateresque decoration is clearly seen in the windows of the eastern facade where is appraised certain asymmetry. Are repeated the motifs: skulls, shells, crosses and allegorical motifs. The coffered of its refectory, woodcarving of longleaf pine, is composed of thirty-six coffers corresponding to thirty-six busts of masters, priors and knights of the Order of Santiago. Prominent among them the dedicated to Don Álvaro de Luna (instead of his effigy contains a crowned skull surrounded by the inscription "You, noble barons, know that i to no one forgive", referring to the death) and the Carlos V, Holy Roman Emperor which occupies the central place with its imperial attributes: a sword and an orb. On the south side contains a shield of Spain. The old sacristy has two naves at right angles. Its dome is ribbed with ogival elements. The Plateresque work cover friezes, columns and pilasters.
Herrerian Style
The church is work by Francisco de Mora (disciple of Juan de Herrera, architect of El Escorial), which was in charge of the works for twenty years. So sometimes is called the monastery as the "Escorial of La Mancha".[4] Is of Latin cross and has a single nave with five sections and a high choir. Sixty-five meters long and twelve wide. The cruise is higher and it close in lantern shape. The dome is of half orange and is adorned with gores on scallops, is of Antonio Segura. The cruise is separated by a grille decorated with the royal arms and the cross of Saint James. In its only nave it form side chapels interconnected (where there is currently an exhibition on the history of the Order of Santiago) that form as two aisles. Its construction was completed in 1598.
The altarpiece is of Greco-Roman style with Baroque trends. It was commissioned to Francisco García Dardero. The painting of Saint James presiding the altarpiece is by Francisco Rizi painter of Philip IV.
._Iglesia.jpg?lang=en)
The pantheon. Between the sacristy and the church is the entrance to the crypt, which has a Latin cross. Today is intended for theater and there are no remains of burials. The old church was grave of illustrious personages of the Order of Santiago. There were buried Doña Urraca, the Grand Master Rodrigo Manrique and his wife, and his famous son Jorge Manrique and many personages more of the Order. By building the present church (1602) the graves existing in the church of Santiago were relocated in a subterranean of the same, which is coming down a ladder of eighty steps that had in a chapel under the choir.
It is discussed if in a cell in the crypt, that theree under the main altar, was prisoner Francisco de Quevedo, there reviews for all tastes.
In the 17th century was built the patio of the monastery with two floors of galleries, the superior closed as a balconies, as well as the staircase leading to the second floor.
The cloister. Has thirty-six balconies, in honor of the thirty-six reglares canons who came from Loyo (the masters were forty-four). The top of the cloister is closed and the bottom open.
The west facade was planned by Francisco de Mora, but was not performed by him. It is also of Herrerian style and in it is the front entrance of the church. Next is a piece of wall of the former Arab construction. This facade is flanked by two towers with high spires (similar to that left) that disappeared in the 19th century in the fires of 1845 and 1877 and that with the respective plans should recover at some point, keeping the original plan of the work.
References
- ^ Parcerisa, F. J. Memories and beauties of Spain: Castile The New" (Volume II). Madrid: Imprenta de D. José Repullés; 1853, p. 558.
- ^ Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts. Decree declaring historical-artistic monuments belonging to the National Artistic Treasure." Gaceta de Madrid. 04/06/1931; (155): 1181-1185
- ^ "of 28-10-2003, for which is delimited the environment of the Bien de Interés Cultural called Monasterio de Santiago Apóstol y Castillo, located in Uclés (Cuenca)". BOCM. 31/10/2003; (155): 17393–17394.
- ^ Monasterio de Uclés, el Escorial de la Mancha. Instituto de Turismo de España. Accessed 4/21/2013.
Bibliography
- Ángel Horcajada Garrido. Uclés. Capital de un estado. Cuenca: el author; 1983.
- Dimas Pérez Ramírez. Uclés, cabeza de la Orden de Santiago. Tarancón: Seminario Menor; 1990.
- Pelayo Quintero Atauri. Uclés, antigua residencia de la Orden de Santiago. Madrid: Fortanet; 1904 (facsímil de 2007).
- Milagros Rivera Garretas (1995). The Encomienda, the Priory, and the village of Uclés in the Middle Ages (1174–1310) Formation of a dominion of the Order of Santiago. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. ISBN 84-00-05970-0.
External links
