Iglesia del Buen Suceso: Difference between revisions

Image in the Iglesia del Buen Suceso and right the Convento de Nuestra Señora de las Victorias.

Drawing of 1790 with the Fountain del Buen Suceso (on top of it was the Mariblanca) and behind the church Iglesia del Buen Suceso between the calle de Alcalá and the Carrera de San Jerónimo. To the left starts the calle Montera. Madrid.

Image of the Church in the Puerta del Sol to the bottom in 1854 (just before the big reform of the Puerta del Sol).

The Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso, commonly known as Iglesia del Buen Suceso was a church of Madrid that delimited the eastern part of the Puerta del Sol (Madrid). The church comes from a remodeling of the Hospital Real de la Corte (built in 1483). Was doing functions of church and hospital since 1590. Its lonja was the meeting place for several centuries. The church clock would be important during this period until it was installed one of better performance in the Casa de Correos. Its demolition coincided with the confiscation of Mendizábal that left space for further expansion was done in the Puerta del Sol.

After a years the church back to the fore because in the year 2009 found its foundations during an extension of Madrid Metro, the works connected the Estación de Sol with the network of Cercanías Madrid. Was changed the height of the foundations and it made a museum of the church displaying its remains.

History

Of this building was founder the Pious Bernardino de Obregón, founder of the Hospital del Buen Suceso in the city of Madrid, and married with Catalina de Pareja, (daughter of Antón de Pareja, Alcaide of Zambrana y Rute and of María Díez), and granddaughter of Gonzalo de Pareja, married in Baena with Isabel Ramírez (daughter of Francisco Ramírez, Captain General of Granada).

The history of this building has been investigated by many scholars: Antonio Palomino, Ponz, Madoz, Mesonero Romanos. Writers like Ramón Gómez de la Serna. The area is home to a building where previously the neon sign called "Tío Pepe" just between the Calle de Alcalá and Carrera de San Jerónimo was once occupied by a hospital that gradually ended in a church. The successive constructions and renovations of the building means that there is not an architect who has designed originally its design Some authors suggest that the self Philip II did the design during its stay in Valladolid between 1601 and 1607. Although the idea that Francisco de Mora could be a primary ideador of the first temple.

Moving of Hospital to Madrid

Its origin is in a traveling hospital that accompanied the Spanish Court, the Hospital Real de la Corte, which was founded by the Catholic Monarchs to Baza in 1489. The mission of that Hospital was to address the diseases and accidents it happened to the courtiers who surrounded the King. The emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor it moved definitively to the fledgling city of Madrid, sending build it outside the walls of the city, next to the Puerta del Sol Its foundation is confirmed in 1529. in a bull of Pope Clement VII of 28 January 1529, in which after naming Administrator, was recognized powers to amend and again issue any lawful pius statutes and ordinances licits and honests not contrary to the Sacred Canons.

The hospital is built in the area that was in the eastern part of Puerta del Sol, space formerly occupied by the old hermitage and shrine of San Andrés (other authors mention the existence of a parish under the title of Corpus Christi). The construction is made with little homogeneity and this feature makes from the beginning be a building in dire need of constant reforms. Its conditioning as sanitary facilities was made slowly and in 1561 it can say that the process of building of the hospital is now complete. From an architectural point of view the conditioning of the modest hospital did not have any other particular compared with the eighteen health facilities existing in that time in Madrid. However, being a work under the royal patronage, it was not of the worst equipped. The poor materials used in the initial construction will soon start to sag and this is an excuse for renewal.

Construction of the church

In 1587 Philip II orders a hospitalary reduction in the city of Madrid. In 1567 are demolished some walls of the Carrera de San Jerónimo and were confiscated neighbor houses and that do nothing to consolidate the zone area. The small Church of the Hospital is slowly taking representative functions of city center. In 1590 the foundation of the hospital building show signs of weakness. Philip II entrusts to the Madrid Police Board to build a new church and nursing in the place of the Royal Hospital, appointing for that Diego Sillero and other officers. Diego Sillero, along with his father, had dedicated to other buildings in the city, although these designs would come from the study of Juan de Herrera. proceed to the demolition of the old building. The death of Juan de Herrera, who inspired the work, causing a delay in the renovation. the reason for the delay were mainly economic, there was a shortage of funds did not allow the cost of a new building. The work remained stop some years. In 1601 Philip III decided to move the Court to Valladolid. The architect Francisco de Mora is the newly elected chief architect of the King. In 1606 the Court returns to Madrid, this event reactivate the construction of the church. The stonework is devoted to Agustín de Argüelles. It is not known whether it was the need to address the cult, or the new care demands, but the construction was accelerated. The church was completed in September 1611. The altar was placed in 1612 and side chapels were finished in 1628. The first description of the church in the Puerta del Sol is what makes Fernández Herrera to describe the life of Bernadino de Obregón:

... it has built a grandiose building, put in the best of Madrid at the gate called del Sol, in the beginning of what they call Carrera de San Jerónimo and in the end of the famous Calle Mayor (...) the church bordering the square, as well locked in the shade next to serve of lonja its entering to the building, with a colorful and capable parapet, dilate jauntily between the two streets of Alcalá and San Jeronimo, with a colorful and opulent façade, turning to its backs the hospital building by both hazes, with great eminence in trace and form ...

— Fernández Herrera

Behind them other descriptions of several authors as Pedro de la Torre, Ruiz de Altable, among others. the space of the Puerta del Sol of Madrid is divided in the 17th century in two: the eastern starring the lonja del Buen Suceso (that brings together the Calle de Alcalá and Carrera de San Jerónimo), and the western part occupied by the Monasterio de San Felipe and the lonja (the so-called "mentidero"). The wide passage that united corresponded to the space of the Puerta del Sol. In 1695 it is detected that one of the canvases of the church threatens ruin. It chooses to expand at the expense of the lonja, although this entails raising a new façade and modify the dome. In the new façade survives, under a semicircular arch between lintels, the former Doric portal with royal shields. The building had to be adapted to the trapezoidal shape of the plot. The new church was terminated in 1700.

Dos de Mayo Uprising

The uprising of May 2 had like protagonist the Puerta del Sol.

During the Uprising of 2 May of 1808 the church suffered serious damage to its façade and interior. The struggles that occur against the French troops in the Puerta del Sol seriously affect its structure. Struggles to become the Iglesia del Buen Suceso in a symbol of the Madrilenian resistance. But the years passed after this event and it was not until 1839 would become completely reformed under the direction of Narciso Pascual Colomer that aims to design the church to accommodate to the architectural tastes of the time. Previously by Royal Order of December 12, 1832 are enacted a new "Ordinances for the good order, regime and governance of the Royal Parish Church and Hospital of Court called of Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso", which suppress the Governing Board.

The major reform of the Puerta del Sol (demolition)

Due to the reform of the Puerta del Sol, the February 24, 1854 begins the demolition of the church and the hospital. Of the building remained only a columns that were brought to the Casa de Bruguera, in the Paseo de la Castellana. The Clock it wore the façade and that was the reference time of the strollers in the Puerta del Sol went to the Casa de Correos and has since become in the Clock of the Puerta del Sol. The church disappears completely from the Puerta del Sol, in its place is constructed the Grand Hôtel de París, which after in mid-20th century receives the famous neon sign of "Tio Pepe".

Rediscovery

The renovation work planned its inception in 2005, were found its foundations by surprise in 2006. The surprise was that these remains appear to a meter and a half deep. It was not expected to find remains in such good condition after many works by the Madrid Metro in tunneling during the 1910s. Initially thought moving the remains to another place of Madrid. Finally chose to bury a few meters below the foundations and show them in the corridors of access from Cercanías al Metro in the Estación de Sol.

New site

(Second) Iglesia del Buen Suceso in the neighborhood of Argüelles, engraving published in 1868 in El Museo Universal.

Current building in Princesa 43.

Both were transferred to the then new neighborhood of Argüelles (then Barrio de Pozas) on the current site of Princesa 43. In 1868 was inaugurated the new Iglesia del Buen Suceso in calle de Princesa, designed by Agustín Ortiz de Villajos. Under Amadeo I, el Buen Suceso comes to depend administratively by the Dirección General de la Real Casa y Patrimonio, which imposed the obligation to prepare annual budgets. The Restoration it established for the Patronage new tasks, such as the public and free consultation and cure and the relief in accidents on public roads, while assuming additional functions such as the special hospital for diseases of children and sick Home of Health for sick pensioners.

During the Spanish Civil War in full defense of Madrid, the church is closed and the hospital continues functioning. The area is devastated by intense artillery bombardment, and the church is completely in ruins. After the war the building was reconstructed. The Act of March 7, 1940 the Royal Patronage is part of the National Heritage with the rest of the ancient Royals Patronages. The final decline of the hospital is marked by resolution of the Board of Administration of the National Heritage the June 9, 1942, by which it removed the hospital services of el Buen Suceso, which become covered by the Directorate General of Health of the Army of the Air, using the same building through a lease. This meant, in fact, the liquidation of the historic Patronage, by depriving it of its essential purpose, even if, in law, it has prolonged its existence until today. The religious cult continues to until now, thanks to the agreement signed by the National Trust and the Diocese of Madrid-Alcalá, whereby is transferred the building for the operation of the new parish of the Blessed Corpus Christi in the Iglesia del Buen Suceso.

In January 1975 began the demolition of the building that then maybe threatens ruin. The city block, between the Princesa, Quintana, Tutor and Buen Suceso streets was designed by the architects Manuel del Río Martínez, Ignacio Ferrero Ruiz-de la Prada and Juan Hernández Ferrero. The action includes a new residential and commercial building with metal façade and a new church to match the building.

The new church was opened for worship on 17 April 1982. On October 22, 2006, to commemorate the fourth centenary of the discovery of the image, in a ceremony celebrated by Antonio María Rouco Varela (cardinal archbishop of Madrid, José Luis Huéscar Cañizal (episcopal vicar), the pastor of the Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso, Miguel Jimeno, and the chaplain of the Ukrainian Greco-catholic Community, Ivan Lypko, is canonically crown the statue of Our Lady of Good Success in the parish. This current building is popularly called, ironically and contemptuously, in derogative form "Our Lady of the Magefesa" linking its shape with a toaster.

Features

Interior view of the first Iglesia del Buen Suceso in the neighborhood of Argüelles, half finished drawing work by Federico Ruiz, published in El Museo Universal in February 1868.

There are few the documents that describe the Iglesia del Buen Suceso, especially in regard to the plant layout. The partial descriptions of its preparation and some engravings and representations of the time give ideas about its presence. There contemporary descriptions of Herrera Maldonado and Ruiz de Altable. The entrance to the church owned a lonja. The layout of the plant was in Greek cross with a very developed chancel and four chapels in the corners of intersection of both arms.

The style of the church, by recorded of the 17th century, had characteristics of classical Mannerism. Ruiz de Altable mentions that the church building: possessed eighty feet long, sixty wide and rises in corresponding height. The altarpiece, disappeared after the demolition of 1853, it was one of the first examples of the Madrilenian Baroque.

This church in paintings

• Feast day in the Puerta del Sol (1773), Luis Paret, National Museum of Havana.
• Ornato of the Puerta del Sol at the entrance of Charles III, anonymous painting of the 17th century, Museo de Historia de Madrid.
• Twelfth Night at the Puerta del Sol (1839) by José Castelaro, Museo de Historia de Madrid.
• Madrilenian types in the Puerta del Sol (1855), Ramón Cortés.
• Critical travel around the Puerta del Sol (1874), Manuel Ossorio y Bernard.