Walls of Seville: Difference between revisions
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[[File:MurallasSevilla completo.png|thumb|Plan of the course that followed the Walls of Sevilla in the 17th century, drawn on the current street of the old town, where it included the layout of the primitive Roman walls as well as preserved sections and other data of interest.]] |
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The '''Walls of Seville''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Murallas de Sevilla'') are |
The '''Walls of Seville''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Murallas de Sevilla'') are a military Walls surrounding the Old Town of the city of [[Seville]] from the [[Hispania|Roman]] time with continuous renovations, the result of the vicissitudes lived along history of the city during its [[Hispania|Roman]], [[Visigoth]], [[Al-Andalus|Islamic]] and finally [[Crown of Castile|Castilian]] periods. Subsisted until the 19th century in that were partially demolished after the [[Glorious Revolution (Spain)|revolution of 1868]], preserved at present some cloths in the [[Macarena (Sevilla)|barrio de la Macarena]] and the environment of the [[Alcázar of Seville]], mainly. |
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There were up to eighteen gates and accesses, of which only four remain: the gate of the Macarena, the Córdoba Gate, the Gate of Oil, and the Alcazar. Conserved wall currently maintain a clear aspect the Almohad influence, mixed with classicist style who provided the restoration of existing doors in the eighteenth century. They were declared ''[[Bien de Interés Cultural]]'' in 1908.<ref name="bic">{{Bien de Interés Cultural}}</ref> |
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There were up to eighteen gates and postigos of access, of which remain only four: [[Arco de La Macarena]], the [[Puerta de Córdoba (Sevilla)|puerta de Córdoba]], the [[Postigo del Aceite]] and the [[Postigo del Alcázar]]. The today preserved remains maintain an clearly [[Almohad Art|Almohad]] appearance, mixed with [[Classicism|Classicist]] air that provided the restorations of existing gates in the 18th century. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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In 1836, because of the invasion of Andalucía by the Carlist forces, a moat was dug out and a drawbridge put up alongside the Macarena Gate with the goal of strengthening the structure. Because of this, the walls remained practically intact. Because of the Revolution of 1868, a large part of them began to be torn down essentially because of the growth of the city. The stretch of walls from the Macarena Gate (where there are seven square towers and one octagonal) to the Córdoba Gate was spared from being torn down. Also spared were a few sections at the Gardens of the Valley and the area around the Royal Fortress. In addition, the Abd el Aziz Tower, the Silver Tower, the Gold Tower, and the White Tower which pertained to the defense of the walled area were also preserved. |
In 1836, because of the invasion of Andalucía by the Carlist forces, a moat was dug out and a drawbridge put up alongside the Macarena Gate with the goal of strengthening the structure. Because of this, the walls remained practically intact. Because of the Revolution of 1868, a large part of them began to be torn down essentially because of the growth of the city. The stretch of walls from the Macarena Gate (where there are seven square towers and one octagonal) to the Córdoba Gate was spared from being torn down. Also spared were a few sections at the Gardens of the Valley and the area around the Royal Fortress. In addition, the Abd el Aziz Tower, the Silver Tower, the Gold Tower, and the White Tower which pertained to the defense of the walled area were also preserved. |
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== History == |
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=== Construction during the Roman Empire === |
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The defensive city Walls were built in times of [[Julius Caesar]], approximately between the years 68 BC and 65 BC., when was [[quaestor]] of the city. This new building was aimed at replacing the old [[Carthage|Carthaginian]] stockade of logs and mud that was, being expanded and refined during the rule of his son [[Augustus]] due to the growth of the city; these were protected by cyclopean towers. |
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The remains of the materials this stage are only recognizable in the material reused in Caliphate period in the new Walls of the [[Alcazar of Seville]]. |
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=== Expansion in the Islamic period: 9th-12th centuries === |
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[[File:Muralla alcazar 001.jpg|thumb|Cloth of the Walls in the [[Alcazar of Seville]]<ref>The inscription of the azulejo maintains: ''City Walls of Islamic period (9th-12th c.), which contains the conductions that in the Christian period supplied water to the Royal Alcázar and to the city. Restored by the Planning Department of the City of Seville thanks to the collaboration of Texsa in 1993 ''.</ref>]] |
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During the Islamic rule, particularly in the year 844 the city was razed by the [[Viking]]s, and the walls were burned down. After that the emir [[Abderramán II]], fourth [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] [[Emir]] of [[Emirate of Córdoba|Córdoba]] (822 - 852) sent rebuild. These were again destroyed by his great grandson [[Abd-ar-Rahman III]], eighth [[Emirate of Córdoba|independent emir]] (912 - 929) and first [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] [[caliph]] of [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Córdoba]] (929-961), together with the gates thereof, in the year 913 thinking why attempts at secession against [[Córdoba (Spain)|Córdoba] ], turned himself in capital of [[Al-Andalus]]. |
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In 1023, [[Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad|Abu al-Qasim]] first [[Monarch|King]] [[Taifa of Seville]] (1023 - 1042), ordered to raise again the Walls to protect themselves from Christian troops, and between the 11th century and 12th century took place a major expansion that doubled the walled enclosure under the rule of Sultan [[Ali ibn Yusuf]] (1083-1143). The defense of the city was extended, widened and strengthened, expanding the space protected by the Walls in almost twice its old surface. His successors, aware of the progress achieved over the northern Christian kingdoms in the stage of the [[reconquista]], it devoted themselves to strengthen their defenses, resulting in the final enclosure of the walls. |
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At this time they possessed a dimension of seven kilometers of Walls with 166 towers, 13 gates and 6 postigos. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 23:56, 14 March 2016
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (January 2013) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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| Walls of Seville | |
|---|---|
| Native name Spanish: Murallas de Sevilla | |
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| Location | Sevilla, Spain |
| Official name | Murallas de Sevilla |
| Type | Non-movable |
| Criteria | Monument |
| Designated | 1908[1] |
| Reference no. | RI-51-0000093 |
  Location of Walls of Seville in Spain | |
The Walls of Seville (Spanish: Murallas de Sevilla) are a military Walls surrounding the Old Town of the city of Seville from the Roman time with continuous renovations, the result of the vicissitudes lived along history of the city during its Roman, Visigoth, Islamic and finally Castilian periods. Subsisted until the 19th century in that were partially demolished after the revolution of 1868, preserved at present some cloths in the barrio de la Macarena and the environment of the Alcázar of Seville, mainly.
There were up to eighteen gates and postigos of access, of which remain only four: Arco de La Macarena, the puerta de Córdoba, the Postigo del Aceite and the Postigo del Alcázar. The today preserved remains maintain an clearly Almohad appearance, mixed with Classicist air that provided the restorations of existing gates in the 18th century.
History
Final era before disappearing: 17th-19th Centuries
As time passed, the military purpose of the wall ceased to be important and instead its worth as a protective barrier against the flooding of the Guadalquivir River took precedence. Furthermore, it had a commercial function. Because of its location and being isolated, they converted it into a customs office through which they kept count of and regulated access to the city with the stipulation of duty payment. Also, this monitoring made it easier to charge important taxes and fees that were assessed to people and goods passing through including tolls, sales tax, and a special fee which existed in Castile for a certain type of construction. Finally, the walled structure was converted into a medical quarantine facility that allowed for control of the spread of illnesses.
In the eighteenth century, they began again to carry out remodeling projects at the access doors. The Arenal Gate was reconstructed and they opened a small chapel on the right side of the smaller Aceite Door. In the chapel, they placed a Baroque altarpiece by Pedro Roldán with the image of the Immaculate Conception (Patron Saint of the Arenal district). Finally, they raised the San Fernando Gate to the height of the Royal Tobacco Factory in Seville.
In 1836, because of the invasion of Andalucía by the Carlist forces, a moat was dug out and a drawbridge put up alongside the Macarena Gate with the goal of strengthening the structure. Because of this, the walls remained practically intact. Because of the Revolution of 1868, a large part of them began to be torn down essentially because of the growth of the city. The stretch of walls from the Macarena Gate (where there are seven square towers and one octagonal) to the Córdoba Gate was spared from being torn down. Also spared were a few sections at the Gardens of the Valley and the area around the Royal Fortress. In addition, the Abd el Aziz Tower, the Silver Tower, the Gold Tower, and the White Tower which pertained to the defense of the walled area were also preserved.
History
Construction during the Roman Empire
The defensive city Walls were built in times of Julius Caesar, approximately between the years 68 BC and 65 BC., when was quaestor of the city. This new building was aimed at replacing the old Carthaginian stockade of logs and mud that was, being expanded and refined during the rule of his son Augustus due to the growth of the city; these were protected by cyclopean towers.
The remains of the materials this stage are only recognizable in the material reused in Caliphate period in the new Walls of the Alcazar of Seville.
Expansion in the Islamic period: 9th-12th centuries
During the Islamic rule, particularly in the year 844 the city was razed by the Vikings, and the walls were burned down. After that the emir Abderramán II, fourth Umayyad Emir of Córdoba (822 - 852) sent rebuild. These were again destroyed by his great grandson Abd-ar-Rahman III, eighth independent emir (912 - 929) and first Umayyad caliph of Córdoba (929-961), together with the gates thereof, in the year 913 thinking why attempts at secession against [[Córdoba (Spain)|Córdoba] ], turned himself in capital of Al-Andalus.
In 1023, Abu al-Qasim first King Taifa of Seville (1023 - 1042), ordered to raise again the Walls to protect themselves from Christian troops, and between the 11th century and 12th century took place a major expansion that doubled the walled enclosure under the rule of Sultan Ali ibn Yusuf (1083-1143). The defense of the city was extended, widened and strengthened, expanding the space protected by the Walls in almost twice its old surface. His successors, aware of the progress achieved over the northern Christian kingdoms in the stage of the reconquista, it devoted themselves to strengthen their defenses, resulting in the final enclosure of the walls.
At this time they possessed a dimension of seven kilometers of Walls with 166 towers, 13 gates and 6 postigos.
References
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
bicwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ The inscription of the azulejo maintains: City Walls of Islamic period (9th-12th c.), which contains the conductions that in the Christian period supplied water to the Royal Alcázar and to the city. Restored by the Planning Department of the City of Seville thanks to the collaboration of Texsa in 1993 .