Royal Armoury of Madrid: Difference between revisions
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[[File:ArmeriaPalacioRealMadrid.JPG|thumb|250px|Royal Armory of Madrid]] |
[[File:ArmeriaPalacioRealMadrid.JPG|thumb|250px|Royal Armory of Madrid]] |
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| ⚫ | The '''Royal Armoury of Madrid''', between many other things, the collection contains the personal arms of the [[List of heads of state of Spain|Kings of Spain]], and also houses present military weapons and diplomatic works of art like mixed tapestries, paintings and other works of art and trophies. |
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==History== |
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The immediate background to the Royal Armouries occurred when [[King Charles I of Spain]] and his family began collecting weapons, although it was not until the reign of his son [[Philip II of Spain]] when the project was conceived as the Royal Armouries, and the project was assigned to architect [[Gaspar de la Vega]]. Finally he moved to the armory existed Valladolid, dedicated storage product by successive kings of Castile throughout history. |
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The fact be a certain continuity of representation, more or less accurately of the different reigns, has conferred a dynastic character derived from its formation over time. |
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The project was continued by successor kings, highlighting the additions made by [[Carlos III of Spain]], who acquired the collection of Jaime Masons and ordered installed in the armory all weapons and military objects scattered dependencies Real Estate, and [[Carlos IV of Spain]], who commissioned variety of parts to dealers in time for inclusion in the collection. |
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The decision to grant preferential treatment to the Armory dates back at least to the death of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, which occurred on 21 September 1558. At the end of 1559 had already been made known to the testamentaries of the [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor]] the decision of the new King of take to him the Armory. |
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==Parts of the collection== |
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==Location== |
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The armory of the Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, had come, mostly, from [[Brussels]] to Spain via the port of [[Laredo, Cantabria|Laredo]], in September 1556, from where it went to [[Valladolid]]. At his death his weapons are scattered between Valladolid and to a lesser extent, in the [[Monastery of Yuste]], and possibly in the [[Royal Alcazar of Madrid|Alcázar of Madrid]]. |
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| ⚫ | Among the most notable parts of the collection features armor and full tools that [[ |
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The establishment of the Court in [[Madrid]] said that in July 1562, [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] had already decided that was done in Madrid, determination that could have been, earlier though. |
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===Former building=== |
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The building which became known as "the Armory" was decided, apparently, in 1553, to provide the [[Royal Alcazar of Madrid|Alcázar]] of a new Stables.<ref>On the circumstances surrounding the transfer of the collection to Madrid and its installation in the new armory see: Soler Del Campo, A. (1999). "La armería |
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de Felipe II". Reales Sitios. pages 135, 24-37.</ref> The conception of it is probably due to [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] himself judging by a sketch of his fist preserved in the [[Archivo General de Simancas]]. The foundational building was rectangular, two floors and a mansard roof to two aguas and stepped gables at both front ends. Downstairs, destined to stables, it had three naves, while the upper floor, where it settled the Armory, was completely clear. The interior of the hall was completed in 1565. It was whitewashed and decorated with a base [[azulejo]] of [[Talavera de la Reina]] pottery by Juan Florez. |
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===Current location=== |
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In 1884 a fire destroyed partially the Armory built by [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]]. No expense spared [[Alfonso XII of Spain|Alfonso XII]] ordered the construction of a new building which is its current headquarters. The early disappearance of the monarch prevented that he saw culminated his work, which was finally ended by the will of the Queen [[Infanta Maria Cristina of Spain (1833–1902)|Maria Cristina]]. The main floor of the new building was conceived as a large room decorated with tapestries weapons and outfits in was installed the entire collection. The new facility, inaugurated in 1893, was a milestone, for all purposes, in the history of the collection, conditioning, since, at present, the image of it. |
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| ⚫ | The current Royal Armoury of Madrid is located on the ground floor of the [[Royal Palace of Madrid]], and is considered, along with the Imperial Armoury of [[Vienna]], one of the best in the world. It consists of pieces as early as the 15th century. The collection highlights the tournament pieces made for Charles V and Philip II by the leading armourers of [[Milan]] and [[Augsburg]]. Among the most remarkable works are full armour and weapons that Emperor Charles V used in the [[Battle of Mühlberg]], and which was portrayed by [[Titian]] in his [[Equestrian Portrait of Charles V|famous equestrian portrait]] housed at the [[Museo del Prado]]. The armoury retains some of the most important pieces of this art in Europe and the world, including several signed by [[Filippo Negroli]], one of the most famous designers in the armourers' guild. |
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==Collections== |
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The weapons were guarded in the former building in large "drawers" of wood, ie large closets like cloakrooms. The distribution of the weapons in the room was thought thoroughly. Higher grade weapons stored inside the drawers. Firearms, archery, and to a lesser extent, some knives and small, in lanceras over the windows. The remaining pole weapons occupied the front ends of the room and of the drawers. In the western headwall highlighted two small pieces of artillery and four sledges with fittings of its shots. |
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The criteria of distribution and management inside the drawers were more complex. The first criterion of distribution catered to the owners of the weapons. The of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] occupied mainly the first eight drawers located in southern side, while the of [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] were stored next to the of his father in the northern wall. According to the second criterion, certain drawers housed the set of armor, spines, trappings and clothing that constitute each of the harnesses of Charles V and Philip II. The third criterion, broader, responded to the types of objects, both from a formal point of view as material. Thus drawers that kept only one type of weapon, dedicated for example for knives, for [[Mail (armour)|chain mails]], or other objects with common features as was its decorative art in the case of arms decorated in damascened settled. Other drawers guarded weapons of particular interest to the dynasty, as the dedicated to the trophies of Mülhberg and [[Battle of Pavia|Pavia]], of the that grouped guns of legendary characters or some symbolic importance, as the ceremonial sword of the [[Catholic Monarchs]], the rapier sent by [[Pope Clement VII]] to Charles V, the armors sent to Philip II by the shogun [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] or the swords attributed to [[El Cid]], to [[Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba|Gran Capitán]], to [[Roland]] and to [[Muhammad XII of Granada|Boabdil]]. |
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The core of the current collection corresponds to the armory guarded by Philip II when he established the Court in Madrid, consisting of his personal armory, but especially by the of his father, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who in turn had retained weapons belonging to his father, [[Philip I of Castile]] and to his grandparents, [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]]. Within this set stand the armors of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Philip II as a set of most important and core on which is based the rest of the collection. Along with it highlighted other significant sets of the formation of the current collection, despite the irregular increase of its funds from the 16th to the 19th century: among them are the medieval weapons from the Treasury of the [[Alcázar of Segovia]]; the firearms of Charles V and Philip II; the armours of the Princes and [[Infante]]s of Spain being children; military trophies; and diplomats and family gifts as the sent by the following persons: the [[Duke of Mantua]] to Charles V; the shogun [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] to Philip II; [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]] and [[James I of England]] to [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]]; Infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia and [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria]] to [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]]; or the [[Sultan of Turkey]] to [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]] among others. The last set of special importance in the collection, which are the firearms forging in Madrid for the venatoria activities of the Court, of great reputation throughout the continent.<ref>In 1898 was published the last general catalog of the collection by the Count |
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Viudo of Valencia de Don Juan. This catalog is, largely, scientifically overcome, but still applies as a reference guide for the study of it. Its inquiry no problems using the index of the work. Valencia De Don Juan, Conde Viudo. De. (1898): "Catálogo Histórico-Descriptivo de la Real Armería de Madrid". Madrid.</ref> |
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The [[Middle Ages|medieval]] and transition to [[Renaissance]] funds are a set of importance for its meaning, despite its number and diverse origins. One part was in the armory of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], who had inherited his father's weapons, of his grandparents and some of his contemporaries. A second set comes from the Royal Treasury of the [[Alcazar of Segovia]], moved to the Armory of Madrid by [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]]. A third group consists of several purchases, donations and transfers of royal medals made between the reigns of [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]] to [[Alfonso XII of Spain|Alfonso XII]]. Highlights the depiction of the emblems of the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], present in the acicates and the mantle of [[Ferdinand III of Castile]], those coming from his burial in the [[Cathedral of Seville]], and the crest of [[Drac Alat]] attributed to [[Martin of Aragon]]. Together with them stand the royal sword of the [[Catholic Monarchs]], used as ceremonial sword in the Spanish Court until the 18th century. |
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The reign of the [[Catholic Monarchs]] and the weaponry of [[Late Middle Ages]], is also represented by weapons from various sources that frame the activity in this period. Are preserved Contemporary war weapons to the [[Granada War]], consisting of illustrative defensive pieces of the Spanish, Italian and German workshops; and two of the oldest portable fire weapons known in Spain, even debtors in some ways, of the archery that supersede with the time. Within this group it deserve special mention the helmets and the armor pieces associated with a peculiar prestigious peninsular production, whose workshops have not yet been identified, but are supposed are from [[Aragon]]ese origin; The [[Emirate of Granada|Nasrid sultanate of Granada]] is present through a small but important sample of its panoply, since are preserved a example of each of the three types of weapons of Granadan creation; one genet from the collection of [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria]]; one leather shield preserved in the armory of Charles V; and a dagger wing associated with a belt with pouch and a holster for a [[Koran]], those latter captured at the Battle of Lucena to [[Muhammad XII of Granada|Muhammad XII]] (Boabdil), and those presented to [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]] by the [[Marquis of Viana]] as part of the Villaseca legacy. |
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==Notes== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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Revision as of 21:12, 29 December 2015
The Royal Armoury of Madrid, between many other things, the collection contains the personal arms of the Kings of Spain, and also houses present military weapons and diplomatic works of art like mixed tapestries, paintings and other works of art and trophies.
Among the most notable parts of the collection features armor and full tools that Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor used at the Battle of Miihlberg, and which was portrayed by Titian in the famous equestrian portrait kept in the Museo del Prado.
The fact be a certain continuity of representation, more or less accurately of the different reigns, has conferred a dynastic character derived from its formation over time.
The decision to grant preferential treatment to the Armory dates back at least to the death of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, which occurred on 21 September 1558. At the end of 1559 had already been made known to the testamentaries of the Emperor the decision of the new King of take to him the Armory.
Location
The armory of the Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, had come, mostly, from Brussels to Spain via the port of Laredo, in September 1556, from where it went to Valladolid. At his death his weapons are scattered between Valladolid and to a lesser extent, in the Monastery of Yuste, and possibly in the Alcázar of Madrid.
The establishment of the Court in Madrid said that in July 1562, Philip II had already decided that was done in Madrid, determination that could have been, earlier though.
Former building
The building which became known as "the Armory" was decided, apparently, in 1553, to provide the Alcázar of a new Stables.[1] The conception of it is probably due to Philip II himself judging by a sketch of his fist preserved in the Archivo General de Simancas. The foundational building was rectangular, two floors and a mansard roof to two aguas and stepped gables at both front ends. Downstairs, destined to stables, it had three naves, while the upper floor, where it settled the Armory, was completely clear. The interior of the hall was completed in 1565. It was whitewashed and decorated with a base azulejo of Talavera de la Reina pottery by Juan Florez.
Current location
In 1884 a fire destroyed partially the Armory built by Philip II. No expense spared Alfonso XII ordered the construction of a new building which is its current headquarters. The early disappearance of the monarch prevented that he saw culminated his work, which was finally ended by the will of the Queen Maria Cristina. The main floor of the new building was conceived as a large room decorated with tapestries weapons and outfits in was installed the entire collection. The new facility, inaugurated in 1893, was a milestone, for all purposes, in the history of the collection, conditioning, since, at present, the image of it.
The current Royal Armoury of Madrid is located on the ground floor of the Royal Palace of Madrid, and is considered, along with the Imperial Armoury of Vienna, one of the best in the world. It consists of pieces as early as the 15th century. The collection highlights the tournament pieces made for Charles V and Philip II by the leading armourers of Milan and Augsburg. Among the most remarkable works are full armour and weapons that Emperor Charles V used in the Battle of Mühlberg, and which was portrayed by Titian in his famous equestrian portrait housed at the Museo del Prado. The armoury retains some of the most important pieces of this art in Europe and the world, including several signed by Filippo Negroli, one of the most famous designers in the armourers' guild.
Collections
The weapons were guarded in the former building in large "drawers" of wood, ie large closets like cloakrooms. The distribution of the weapons in the room was thought thoroughly. Higher grade weapons stored inside the drawers. Firearms, archery, and to a lesser extent, some knives and small, in lanceras over the windows. The remaining pole weapons occupied the front ends of the room and of the drawers. In the western headwall highlighted two small pieces of artillery and four sledges with fittings of its shots.
The criteria of distribution and management inside the drawers were more complex. The first criterion of distribution catered to the owners of the weapons. The of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor occupied mainly the first eight drawers located in southern side, while the of Philip II were stored next to the of his father in the northern wall. According to the second criterion, certain drawers housed the set of armor, spines, trappings and clothing that constitute each of the harnesses of Charles V and Philip II. The third criterion, broader, responded to the types of objects, both from a formal point of view as material. Thus drawers that kept only one type of weapon, dedicated for example for knives, for chain mails, or other objects with common features as was its decorative art in the case of arms decorated in damascened settled. Other drawers guarded weapons of particular interest to the dynasty, as the dedicated to the trophies of Mülhberg and Pavia, of the that grouped guns of legendary characters or some symbolic importance, as the ceremonial sword of the Catholic Monarchs, the rapier sent by Pope Clement VII to Charles V, the armors sent to Philip II by the shogun Toyotomi Hideyoshi or the swords attributed to El Cid, to Gran Capitán, to Roland and to Boabdil.
The core of the current collection corresponds to the armory guarded by Philip II when he established the Court in Madrid, consisting of his personal armory, but especially by the of his father, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who in turn had retained weapons belonging to his father, Philip I of Castile and to his grandparents, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. Within this set stand the armors of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Philip II as a set of most important and core on which is based the rest of the collection. Along with it highlighted other significant sets of the formation of the current collection, despite the irregular increase of its funds from the 16th to the 19th century: among them are the medieval weapons from the Treasury of the Alcázar of Segovia; the firearms of Charles V and Philip II; the armours of the Princes and Infantes of Spain being children; military trophies; and diplomats and family gifts as the sent by the following persons: the Duke of Mantua to Charles V; the shogun Toyotomi Hideyoshi to Philip II; Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and James I of England to Philip III; Infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia and Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria to Philip IV; or the Sultan of Turkey to Charles III among others. The last set of special importance in the collection, which are the firearms forging in Madrid for the venatoria activities of the Court, of great reputation throughout the continent.[2]
The medieval and transition to Renaissance funds are a set of importance for its meaning, despite its number and diverse origins. One part was in the armory of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who had inherited his father's weapons, of his grandparents and some of his contemporaries. A second set comes from the Royal Treasury of the Alcazar of Segovia, moved to the Armory of Madrid by Philip II. A third group consists of several purchases, donations and transfers of royal medals made between the reigns of Ferdinand VII to Alfonso XII. Highlights the depiction of the emblems of the kingdoms of Castile, León and Aragon, present in the acicates and the mantle of Ferdinand III of Castile, those coming from his burial in the Cathedral of Seville, and the crest of Drac Alat attributed to Martin of Aragon. Together with them stand the royal sword of the Catholic Monarchs, used as ceremonial sword in the Spanish Court until the 18th century.
The reign of the Catholic Monarchs and the weaponry of Late Middle Ages, is also represented by weapons from various sources that frame the activity in this period. Are preserved Contemporary war weapons to the Granada War, consisting of illustrative defensive pieces of the Spanish, Italian and German workshops; and two of the oldest portable fire weapons known in Spain, even debtors in some ways, of the archery that supersede with the time. Within this group it deserve special mention the helmets and the armor pieces associated with a peculiar prestigious peninsular production, whose workshops have not yet been identified, but are supposed are from Aragonese origin; The Nasrid sultanate of Granada is present through a small but important sample of its panoply, since are preserved a example of each of the three types of weapons of Granadan creation; one genet from the collection of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria; one leather shield preserved in the armory of Charles V; and a dagger wing associated with a belt with pouch and a holster for a Koran, those latter captured at the Battle of Lucena to Muhammad XII (Boabdil), and those presented to Alfonso XIII by the Marquis of Viana as part of the Villaseca legacy.
Notes
- ^ On the circumstances surrounding the transfer of the collection to Madrid and its installation in the new armory see: Soler Del Campo, A. (1999). "La armería de Felipe II". Reales Sitios. pages 135, 24-37.
- ^ In 1898 was published the last general catalog of the collection by the Count Viudo of Valencia de Don Juan. This catalog is, largely, scientifically overcome, but still applies as a reference guide for the study of it. Its inquiry no problems using the index of the work. Valencia De Don Juan, Conde Viudo. De. (1898): "Catálogo Histórico-Descriptivo de la Real Armería de Madrid". Madrid.
Bibliography
- Marchesi, José María (1849). Catálogo de la Real Armería, mandado formar por S.M.... Madrid: Aguado. https://books.google.com/books?id=_G6ynFwGCMoC
- Museo Nacional del Prado (2012). «La Real Armería de Madrid».