Chiribaya Dog: Difference between revisions
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The '''Chiribaya Shepherd''' or '''Peruvian Shepherd''' was a [[pre-Columbian]] breed of dog the southwest of [[Peru]], identified by the 42 mummies discovered by anthropologist [[Sonia Guillén Oneglio]] in the [[district Ilo]], [[Department of Moquegua]], on the south coast of [[Peru]]. It has been established that it was a [[sheepdog]] of [[Lama glama|llamas]], who was not only was important part of the social structure of the ancient Peruvians, but received special treatment after his death<ref name=caretas>Kisner, D. (2006) "The Best Friend Pre-Inca"; ''Caretas'' 1948: 121-122.</ref>. |
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The '''Chiribaya Shepherd''' was a [[breed]] of [[dog]] native from Southern [[Peru]]. The descendants of this breed can be found around Ilo, Moquegua, the research was conducted by anthropologist Sonia Guillen. It is of medium height, had long, beige colored hair and a short snout. Experts believe that the dogs were prized for their llama-herding abilities.<ref name="bbc-dog">{{citenews|title=Mummified dogs uncovered in Peru|date=23 September 2006|author=Collyns, Dan|publisher=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5374748.stm}}</ref> The mummified remains that are the only known example of this breed were discovered by [[Sonia Guillen]], an [[anthropologist]] from [[Peru]], while excavating tombs in the [[Osmore River]] valley. The dogs were found buried in plots near to their owners which Sonia believes shows the culture had a deep respect for these family companions.<ref name="natgeo">{{cite news|title=Photo in the News: Dog Mummies Found in Ancient Peru Pet Cemetery|date=September 25, 2006|author=de Pastino, Blake|publisher=National Geographic|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/09/060925-dog-mummy.html}}</ref> |
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==Mummies== |
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The dogs were found buried in cemeteries next to human mummies of the [[Chiribaya culture]] that flourished on the south coast of [[Peru]] and buried their pets with all the honors of a faithful friend and co-worker . The finding is due to the research of Sonia Guillén,<ref name=caretas/> who owes her fame to the study of ancient mummies of characters who organized prosperous cultures from Chachapoyas to the shores of Moquegua. The mummies dating from [[900]] to [[1350]].<ref>Collyns, Dan (2006) [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/science/newsid_5375000/5375516.stm Descubren "perros momia" en Perú]; "Dog Mummy" in Peru, September 24, 2006.</ref> |
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In the port area of [[Ilo]] is the Center ''Mallqui'' ("mummy" in [[Quechua language|Quechua]]) dedicated to research of Chiribaya Culture, developed in a [[chiefdom]] of the period known as "late middle" of the year [[900]] to [[1350]] of our era, and whose territory has a feature that is the dream of every anthropologist: its soil is extremely dry, It contains large amounts of nitrates, which ensured the preservation of the physical remains of those who inhabited this place. |
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Sonia Guillén argues that the tomb of a person reflects his social, political and religious position within the organization of ancient peoples, and in the case of these dogs the tombs demonstrate that, having completed a productive life within the Chiribaya organization, received good treatment, either dead or alive. |
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== Features == |
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Ermanno Maniero, president of [[Kennel Club]] of Peru and medical veterinary Viviana Fernández of the [[National University of San Marcos|San Marcos University]] thoroughly examined the mummies found and determined that these dogs had the body more longer than high; its had abundant hair of color that could vary between yellow and red, some with dark spots on the back or head; its had cropped ears and falls; and its legs were like "hare", ie allowing the animal to move on sand or soil with less effort, quality that perhaps the one that gave the importance within the structure of Chiribaya life.<ref name=PCh>[http://cinabrio.over-blog.es/article-pastor-chiribaya-69126420.html Chiribaya Shepherd Dog of southern Peru]; ''The Peruvian Shepherd'' November 10, 2006.</ref> |
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==Grazing== |
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The Chiribayas developed a coastal economy, with the use of the [[fishing]] and other marine resources, also with agriculture, but intensely livestock. Textiles<ref name=PCh/> and [[petroglyph]]s realize the livestock activity of Chiribayas, which underpins the importance of the sheepdog in their society. According to research conducted by geneticist Jane Wheeler, who worked in the middle valley of Ilo and studied the remains of the llamas and the [[alpacas]] in the region, the Chiribayas raised a type of llama that had the longest hair and very thin, but it was ignored by the Spanish conquerors, who used these llamas as pack animals, causing their destruction.<ref>Wheeler, Jane C. (2005) "[http://www.conopa.org/publicaciones/preconquest_alpaca_and_llama_breeding.php Pre-Conquest Alpaca and Llama Breeding]; ''The Camelid Quarterly'', december 2005.</ref> "Having so many llamas, the Chiribayas needed for herding dogs. Then, its became co-workers so that its death received the honors", says Sonia Guillén. |
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==Following the trail== |
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[[Martha Meier Miró Quesada]], journalist, producer and documentary filmmaker and her team were able to record in pictures the findings and investigations of Sonia Guillén and exposed in [[2006]] in the documentary titled ''The Chiribaya Shepherd Dog ''.<ref name=d1>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLz6-XJdHY0 First part of the documentary of Chiribaya Shepherd] </ref><ref name=d2>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BKqYh8N9so Second part of the documentary of Chiribaya Shepherd]</ref>. |
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==Lineage== |
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Thanks to the mummies of the Peruvian Shepherd or of Chiribaya, researchers have been able to propose the hypothesis that the descendants of Chiribaya Shephers remain to this day, and this is confirmed by the similarity between the preserved remains and many of the dogs that living in [[Ilo|Ilo port]],<ref name=caretas/> Tambo Valley and the city of [[Mollendo]] ([[Arequipa Department]]). |
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Even the dog "Abdul", the guardian of the facilities of the Mallqui Center, may have been a descendant of the Chiribaya dogs. <ref name=caretas/> Its yellow fur, ears drooping and short snout match the characteristics of the mummies. And precisely Martha Meier draws attention to this detail and says that somehow what we call "chusco" matches the characteristics of a Chiribaya Shepherd, so it would not be surprising that over the years, this has been spread by throughout Peru. |
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"What we do now is regain the purity of the breed of dog. So let's start work gather DNA of dogs in the area of Ilo for comparison with the mummies, and then begin a selection process and aging.<ref name=caretas/> Will be a work of several years, but worth it", says the filmmaker. |
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== Genetics == |
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A study of [[mitochondrial DNA]] Chiribaya Shepherds mummified found three [[haplotype]]s, two of them never before encountered and absent in samples of current dogs and the other also found in dogs of other continents.<ref>Leonard, Jennifer A. et.al. "Ancient DNA evidence for Old World Origin of New World Dogs"; ''Science 298: 1613-1616.</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 21:31, 11 August 2015
| Chiribaya Shepher | |
|---|---|
| Origin | Peru |
| Breed status | Extinct. Not recognized as a breed by any major kennel club. |
| Dog (domestic dog) | |
The Chiribaya Shepherd or Peruvian Shepherd was a pre-Columbian breed of dog the southwest of Peru, identified by the 42 mummies discovered by anthropologist Sonia Guillén Oneglio in the district Ilo, Department of Moquegua, on the south coast of Peru. It has been established that it was a sheepdog of llamas, who was not only was important part of the social structure of the ancient Peruvians, but received special treatment after his death[1].
Mummies
The dogs were found buried in cemeteries next to human mummies of the Chiribaya culture that flourished on the south coast of Peru and buried their pets with all the honors of a faithful friend and co-worker . The finding is due to the research of Sonia Guillén,[1] who owes her fame to the study of ancient mummies of characters who organized prosperous cultures from Chachapoyas to the shores of Moquegua. The mummies dating from 900 to 1350.[2]
In the port area of Ilo is the Center Mallqui ("mummy" in Quechua) dedicated to research of Chiribaya Culture, developed in a chiefdom of the period known as "late middle" of the year 900 to 1350 of our era, and whose territory has a feature that is the dream of every anthropologist: its soil is extremely dry, It contains large amounts of nitrates, which ensured the preservation of the physical remains of those who inhabited this place.
Sonia Guillén argues that the tomb of a person reflects his social, political and religious position within the organization of ancient peoples, and in the case of these dogs the tombs demonstrate that, having completed a productive life within the Chiribaya organization, received good treatment, either dead or alive.
Features
Ermanno Maniero, president of Kennel Club of Peru and medical veterinary Viviana Fernández of the San Marcos University thoroughly examined the mummies found and determined that these dogs had the body more longer than high; its had abundant hair of color that could vary between yellow and red, some with dark spots on the back or head; its had cropped ears and falls; and its legs were like "hare", ie allowing the animal to move on sand or soil with less effort, quality that perhaps the one that gave the importance within the structure of Chiribaya life.[3]
Grazing
The Chiribayas developed a coastal economy, with the use of the fishing and other marine resources, also with agriculture, but intensely livestock. Textiles[3] and petroglyphs realize the livestock activity of Chiribayas, which underpins the importance of the sheepdog in their society. According to research conducted by geneticist Jane Wheeler, who worked in the middle valley of Ilo and studied the remains of the llamas and the alpacas in the region, the Chiribayas raised a type of llama that had the longest hair and very thin, but it was ignored by the Spanish conquerors, who used these llamas as pack animals, causing their destruction.[4] "Having so many llamas, the Chiribayas needed for herding dogs. Then, its became co-workers so that its death received the honors", says Sonia Guillén.
Following the trail
Martha Meier Miró Quesada, journalist, producer and documentary filmmaker and her team were able to record in pictures the findings and investigations of Sonia Guillén and exposed in 2006 in the documentary titled The Chiribaya Shepherd Dog .[5][6].
Lineage
Thanks to the mummies of the Peruvian Shepherd or of Chiribaya, researchers have been able to propose the hypothesis that the descendants of Chiribaya Shephers remain to this day, and this is confirmed by the similarity between the preserved remains and many of the dogs that living in Ilo port,[1] Tambo Valley and the city of Mollendo (Arequipa Department).
Even the dog "Abdul", the guardian of the facilities of the Mallqui Center, may have been a descendant of the Chiribaya dogs. [1] Its yellow fur, ears drooping and short snout match the characteristics of the mummies. And precisely Martha Meier draws attention to this detail and says that somehow what we call "chusco" matches the characteristics of a Chiribaya Shepherd, so it would not be surprising that over the years, this has been spread by throughout Peru.
"What we do now is regain the purity of the breed of dog. So let's start work gather DNA of dogs in the area of Ilo for comparison with the mummies, and then begin a selection process and aging.[1] Will be a work of several years, but worth it", says the filmmaker.
Genetics
A study of mitochondrial DNA Chiribaya Shepherds mummified found three haplotypes, two of them never before encountered and absent in samples of current dogs and the other also found in dogs of other continents.[7]
References
- ^ a b c d e Kisner, D. (2006) "The Best Friend Pre-Inca"; Caretas 1948: 121-122.
- ^ Collyns, Dan (2006) Descubren "perros momia" en Perú; "Dog Mummy" in Peru, September 24, 2006.
- ^ a b Chiribaya Shepherd Dog of southern Peru; The Peruvian Shepherd November 10, 2006.
- ^ Wheeler, Jane C. (2005) "Pre-Conquest Alpaca and Llama Breeding; The Camelid Quarterly, december 2005.
- ^ First part of the documentary of Chiribaya Shepherd
- ^ Second part of the documentary of Chiribaya Shepherd
- ^ Leonard, Jennifer A. et.al. "Ancient DNA evidence for Old World Origin of New World Dogs"; Science 298: 1613-1616.
Dogs originating in Peru | ||
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| Extant |  | |
| Extinct | ||
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