Wall of Trujillo: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:CentroHistoricTrujilloMap.jpg|thumb|right|Map current [[Historic Centre of Trujillo]], now [[España Avenue (Trujillo)|España Avenue]] is over the place of the old wall of Trujillo]] |
[[File:CentroHistoricTrujilloMap.jpg|thumb|right|Map current [[Historic Centre of Trujillo]], now [[España Avenue (Trujillo)|España Avenue]] is over the place of the old wall of Trujillo]] |
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This wall was built because, in colonial times, the city was in danger of piracy attacks by the proximity of Trujillo with the sea, 5 km away from the Plaza mayor about; with a history of attacks in northern cities on the coast as the attacks on Guayaquil in June 1624 that was attacked by the Dutch army under the command of Jean Claude de Gubernat, deputy Jaques L’Heremite Clerk who ordered you they were burned more twenty houses <ref> {{Cite web |year = |url = http://es.scribd.com/doc/15488107/Historia-de-Guayaquil|title= Historia de Guayaquil (in Spanish) | editor = | author = Melvin Hoyos galarza & Efrén Avilés Pino |accessdate = October 17, 2012}} </ref> and in [[1684]] [[William Dampier]]re and other pirates destroyed much of the city because of its attacks and [[ 1687]], the [[France|French]] pirates D’Hout, Picard and Groignet also attacked Guayaquil leaving partially destroyed; Also at that time was attacked by pirates the Peruvian city of Saña; <ref> {{web quotes |year = |url = http://www.primordiales.com.ar/estrenos/piratas_del_pacifico1.htm|título= PIRATES IN THE PACIFIC |editor = |author = Eduardo Schuldt |accessdate = October 17, 2012}}</ref> Given this constant danger in the 17th century was built the ''Wall of Trujillo'' during the government of Viceroy [[Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull]], during construction were city mayors Bartolomé Martínez de Jarabeitia and Fernando Ramírez de Orellana. It was built by the Italian Joseph Formento, and construction began in 1687. Formento would have based his design on a similar work done by [[Leonardo Da Vinci]] for the Italian city of Florence <ref> {{Cite web |year = |url = http://www.geocities.ws/truxillodelperu/centrohistorico.htm|título= Trujillo: HISTORICAL CENTER (in Spanish)|editor = |accessdate = October 17, 2012}} </ ref> |
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Due to the proximity of the city with the sea (4 km) and the danger of attack by [[pirates]] and privateers, the city wall was built during the viceroy of Melchor de Navarra and Rocafull under the mayor Bartolome Martinez and Fernando Ramirez Jarabeitia Orellana. This was built by the Italian architect Joseph Formento, who began construction on February 19, 1687. Formento was based on design by [[Leonardo da Vinci]] to the Italian city of Florence.<ref>{{cite web |year= |url = http://www.geocities.ws/truxillodelperu/centrohistorico.htm|title=(spanish) Trujillo: CENTRO HISTÓRICO|editor = |accessdate=October 9, 2012}}</ref> The wall was designed of elliptical shape to save costs in its construction, which was completed approximately in 1690. The wall reached a perimeter of 5.5 km and involved the use of more than 100,000 bricks. The defensive structure was composed of 15 bastions, 15 shades and 5 gates. This wall lacked [[moat]]s and [[Embankment (transportation)|Embankment]]s. |
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== Architecture == |
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The gate of [[Santiago de Huamán|Huamán]] was oriented |
It was designed elliptically shaped and was completed around the year 1690. The defensive structure was composed of 15 bastions, 15 curtains and 5 gates. The gate of [[Santiago de Huamán|Huamán]] was oriented towards the [[southwest]] and led to the village of the same name. The gate of Mansiche in the north. The gate of Miraflores to the northeast. The gate of la Sierra, towards the road leading to this region and finally the gate of [[Moche (Trujillo)|Moche]] that gave access to people from the south. In 1942 on the space occupied by the ''Wall of Trujillo'' was built the [avenida España (Trujillo)|Avenida España]], the same as is currently around the area called [[Historic Center of Trujillo (Peru )|Historic Center of Trujillo]] <ref>{{web appointment. |year = |url = http://www.plandet.gob.pe/images/PLANOS_NORMATIVOS/om_22-2001.pdf|title= Regulatory Zoning Ordinance of Historic Center of Trujillo (in Spanish) |editor = Municipalidad de Trujillo|accessdate = October 17, 2012}}</ref> This wall lacked [[moat]]s and [[embankment]]s. |
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==Current |
==Current Conservation== |
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Some |
Some of the parts that are still surviving of the wall are: |
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* '''Bastion Herrera''' located in the intersection of the [[Avenida España (Trujillo)|Avenida España]] with the Miraflores Avenue, also comprises the area of the former ''Gate of Miraflores'', the wisp and the old part of the ''Graveyard of Miraflores'' ([[19th century]]) plus the adjacent streets to the baluarte: Minería, Gremios and Comercio. |
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* '''Bastion Herrera''' |
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* '''Fragment of the wall''', located in España Avenue near the blocks formed by the streets ''Junín'' and ''Estete''. |
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* '''Curtain of the Avenida España''' includes the restored curtain of the wall located in the block 18 of Avenida España and is opposite the site of the former railway station of Trujillo. |
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* '''Bastion Bazán''' comprises the area where are remains of the former Baluarte de Bazán, in the block 26 of Avenida España, between the Club Tell, 28 Julio Avenue and the local of the Municipal Box of Trujillo. |
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* '''Gate of la Sierra'''is a replica of the gate of the same name of the ancient wall has been built in the ''Plazuela El Recreo'' near the end of the Pizarro street, in the historic center of the city. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 21:59, 20 July 2015
The Wall of Trujillo was a Peruvian defensive edification built in the 17th century to protect Trujillo city against attacks from pirates and privateers. It was constructed by viceroy of Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull between 1687 and 1690,[1] it surrounded the current Historic centre of the city. This wall included 15 bastions and five gates; The wall was torn down in ends of 19th century allowing the growth of the city, this urban expansion allowed the establishment of new neighborhoods as part of the expansion process of the city.
Some sections of the wall of Trujillo can still be seen today. Parts of the wall has been restored in El Recreo Square at the end of Pizarro Street, in the historic centre, this area now constitutes the public place. Also still are conserved in España Avenue some fragments of the wall of Trujillo. During Spanish rule in the Americas, the three walled cities were Trujillo, Lima and Cartagena.[citation needed]
History
This wall was built because, in colonial times, the city was in danger of piracy attacks by the proximity of Trujillo with the sea, 5 km away from the Plaza mayor about; with a history of attacks in northern cities on the coast as the attacks on Guayaquil in June 1624 that was attacked by the Dutch army under the command of Jean Claude de Gubernat, deputy Jaques L’Heremite Clerk who ordered you they were burned more twenty houses [2] and in 1684 William Dampierre and other pirates destroyed much of the city because of its attacks and 1687, the French pirates D’Hout, Picard and Groignet also attacked Guayaquil leaving partially destroyed; Also at that time was attacked by pirates the Peruvian city of Saña; [3] Given this constant danger in the 17th century was built the Wall of Trujillo during the government of Viceroy Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull, during construction were city mayors Bartolomé Martínez de Jarabeitia and Fernando Ramírez de Orellana. It was built by the Italian Joseph Formento, and construction began in 1687. Formento would have based his design on a similar work done by Leonardo Da Vinci for the Italian city of Florence Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). This wall lacked moats and embankments.
Current Conservation
Some of the parts that are still surviving of the wall are:
- Bastion Herrera located in the intersection of the Avenida España with the Miraflores Avenue, also comprises the area of the former Gate of Miraflores, the wisp and the old part of the Graveyard of Miraflores (19th century) plus the adjacent streets to the baluarte: Minería, Gremios and Comercio.
- Curtain of the Avenida España includes the restored curtain of the wall located in the block 18 of Avenida España and is opposite the site of the former railway station of Trujillo.
- Bastion Bazán comprises the area where are remains of the former Baluarte de Bazán, in the block 26 of Avenida España, between the Club Tell, 28 Julio Avenue and the local of the Municipal Box of Trujillo.
- Gate of la Sierrais a replica of the gate of the same name of the ancient wall has been built in the Plazuela El Recreo near the end of the Pizarro street, in the historic center of the city.
See also
References
- ^ MINCETUR (ed.). "(spanish)Muralla Militar De Trujillo Colonial - Ministerio de Turismo del Gobierno Peruano". Retrieved October 9, 2012.
- ^ Melvin Hoyos galarza & Efrén Avilés Pino. "Historia de Guayaquil (in Spanish)". Retrieved October 17, 2012.
- ^ Template:Web quotes
External links
Multimedia
- Historic Centre of Trujillo by Panoramio, includes information by several authors.
- Colonial Imaages Coloniales of the Historic Centre of Trujillo