Sacred Heart Cathedral, Wellington: Difference between revisions

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[[Joseph Ward|Sir Joseph Ward]], the 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand, died in July 1930.<ref name="Bassett">Michael Bassett, ''Sir Joseph Ward: A political biography'', Auckland University Press, 1993, pp. 283 and 284.</ref> Ward had prayed daily in the Basilica (or its predecessor, St Mary's Cathedral - see below) for all of his thirty-seven years as a member of the [[New Zealand Parliament]]. The [[requiem mass]] was celebrated on 9 July by [[Thomas O'Shea (Archbishop of Wellington)|Bishop O'Shea]] (then [[coadjutor bishop|Coadjutor Archbishop of Wellington]]), and [[Francis Redwood|Archbishop Redwood]], the 1st Archbishop of Wellington, delivered the [[panagyric]]. In the words of the ''NZ Herald'', "unbent beneath the weight of his 91 years ... in his scarlet vestment, [Archbishop Redwood] was a commanding and impressive figure." After the Mass, Ward's casket lay in the Basilica where a steady stream of people came and went during the day. It was then transferred across the road to [[New Zealand Parliament Buildings|Parliament Buildings]] by his colleagues and family before being transported to [[Bluff, New Zealand|Bluff]] where the interment took place.<ref name="Bassett"/>
[[Joseph Ward|Sir Joseph Ward]], the 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand, died in July 1930.<ref name="Bassett">Michael Bassett, ''Sir Joseph Ward: A political biography'', Auckland University Press, 1993, pp. 283 and 284.</ref> Ward had prayed daily in the Basilica (or its predecessor, St Mary's Cathedral - see below) for all of his thirty-seven years as a member of the [[New Zealand Parliament]]. The [[requiem mass]] was celebrated on 9 July by [[Thomas O'Shea (Archbishop of Wellington)|Bishop O'Shea]] (then [[coadjutor bishop|Coadjutor Archbishop of Wellington]]), and [[Francis Redwood|Archbishop Redwood]], the 1st Archbishop of Wellington, delivered the [[panagyric]]. In the words of the ''NZ Herald'', "unbent beneath the weight of his 91 years ... in his scarlet vestment, [Archbishop Redwood] was a commanding and impressive figure." After the Mass, Ward's casket lay in the Basilica where a steady stream of people came and went during the day. It was then transferred across the road to [[New Zealand Parliament Buildings|Parliament Buildings]] by his colleagues and family before being transported to [[Bluff, New Zealand|Bluff]] where the interment took place.<ref name="Bassett"/>


[[Michael Joseph Savage]], the 23rd, and 1st Labour, Prime Minister of New Zealand, died on 27 March 1940.<ref>Barry Gustafson, ''From the Cradle to the Grave: A biography of Michael Joseph Savage'', Reed Methuen, Auckland, 1986, p. 271.</ref> His funeral gave the Cathedral choir a chance to achieve national recognition, as it was broadcast nationally. The crowd was so great in the church - even the organist needed an official invitation - that the boys in the choir were forced to sing from the [[chancel]] galleries high above the altar.<ref>Dan Kelly, pp. 140 and 141.</ref>
[[Michael Joseph Savage]], the 23rd, and 1st Labour, Prime Minister of New Zealand, died on 27 March 1940.<ref>Barry Gustafson, ''From the Cradle to the Grave: A biography of Michael Joseph Savage'', Reed Methuen, Auckland, 1986, p. 271.</ref> His funeral gave the Cathedral choir a chance to achieve national recognition, as it was broadcast nationally. The crowd was so great in the church - even the organist needed an official invitation - that the boys in the choir were forced to sing from the [[chancel]] galleries high above the altar. After the solemn requiem at the Basilica, Savage was transported by a much interrupted rail journey to Auckland<ref>Dan Kelly, pp. 140 and 141.</ref> where, after resting for a period at [[St Patrick,s Cathedral, Auckland|St Patrick's Cathedral]] while the [[Bastion Point#Savage Memorial|Savage Memorial]] was constructed at [[Bastion Point]], he was eventually buried.<ref>Ernest Simmonds, ''The Story of St. Patrick's'', p. 20.</ref>


Another great choir occasion occurred earlier, in 1934, for the 60th episcopal anniversary of [[Francis Redwood|Archbishop Redwood]] himself, when "the special music of the Mass was rendered by the Basilica choir of fifty voices under the conductorship of Miss Eileen Dennehy. Miss Josephine Milligan was at the organ. The music of the Mass was as follows: 'Ecce Sacerdos' ([[Edward Elgar|Elgar]]), [[Edouard Silas]]' Mass in C, 'O Sacrum Convivium', and 'Jubilate Deo' ... the [[Plainsong|plain chant]] was sung by the male voices of the choir, under the baton of Rev. Father Feehly."<ref>"Pictorial Record & Narrative of the Episcopal Jubilee" ''Catholic News'', Wellington, May 1934, quoted by Dan Kelly, p. 129</ref>
Another great choir occasion occurred earlier, in 1934, for the 60th episcopal anniversary of [[Francis Redwood|Archbishop Redwood]] himself, when "the special music of the Mass was rendered by the Basilica choir of fifty voices under the conductorship of Miss Eileen Dennehy. Miss Josephine Milligan was at the organ. The music of the Mass was as follows: 'Ecce Sacerdos' ([[Edward Elgar|Elgar]]), [[Edouard Silas]]' Mass in C, 'O Sacrum Convivium', and 'Jubilate Deo' ... the [[Plainsong|plain chant]] was sung by the male voices of the choir, under the baton of Rev. Father Feehly."<ref>"Pictorial Record & Narrative of the Episcopal Jubilee" ''Catholic News'', Wellington, May 1934, quoted by Dan Kelly, p. 129</ref>

Revision as of 05:18, 29 November 2014

Sacred Heart Cathedral
Metropolitan Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and St Mary his Mother
Wellington, Hill St
Map
41°16′36″S 174°46′34″E / 41.2766°S 174.7762°E / -41.2766; 174.7762
LocationThorndon, Wellington Central City
CountryNew Zealand
DenominationCatholic
WebsiteSacred Heart Cathedral
History
Former name(s)St Mary's Cathedral
Founded1851, 1901
Founder(s)Philippe Viard, 1st Bishop of Wellington (St Mary's Cathedral, 1851); Francis Redwood, 2nd Bishop and 1st Archbishop of Wellington (Sacred Heart Cathedral, 1901)
Dedication1851, 1901
Consecrated18 March 1984[1]
Architecture
Heritage designationCategory I (2 April 1985)
Architect(s)Francis Petre
Architectural typePalladian Revival
Completed1901
Administration
ArchdioceseWellington
ParishSacred Heart Cathedral Parish
Clergy
ArchbishopArchbishop John Atcherley Dew, 6th Archbishop of Wellington (2005-present)
Priest in chargeFr James Lyons (Cathedral Administrator and Parish Priest; phone +64 4 496 1700)
Laity
Director of musicMr Michael Fletcher
Parish administratorMr Frank Doherty

The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and of Saint Mary His Mother, better known as Sacred Heart Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral on Hill Street, Wellington, New Zealand. It is the parish church of the Thorndon Catholic parish (founded 1850) and the Cathedral of the Archbishop of Wellington.

The church was popularly known as "the Basilica", because of its palladian architectural style.[2] It was designated as the Cathedral of Wellington in 1983 after earthquake strengthening and the addition of the Blessed Sacrament chapel, foyer, sacristy, courtyard, hall (called Connolly Hall) and piazza. The parish of Thorndon was administered by the Society of Mary or Marist fathers for eighty-five years until 1935[3], although secular or diocesan clergy were also stationed there.[4] Thorndon has always (except for the period 1935-1954) been the residence of the Archbishops of Wellington. The founder of the see, Bishop Viard, and the first two Archbishops, Redwood and O'Shea (the episcopates of the three totalled 105 years), were also members of the Society of Mary. Since 1954 all the Archbishops and the resident clergy of the Cathedral have been secular clergy.[3]

Sacraments

The normal Mass times are:

Confessions: before 12.10pm weekday Masses or by arrangement.[6]

Music

Sacred Heart Cathedral: interior with baptismal font in cross-aisle (approximate site of tomb of Bishop Viard) c.2005.

Choirs and ensembles

Sacred Heart Cathedral has a strong music tradition.[7] There are two instrumental (piano, guitars, organ) and vocal ensembles to lead congregational hymn-singing for at least one Sunday Mass each week.[8]

There are two traditional choirs. The Cathedral choir is made up of a dedicated group of trained singers. This choir sings on most Sundays at the Cathedral at the 10.30am Mass as well as at concerts and special services. While firmly based on Gregorian chant, the choir sings a wide repertoire ranging from Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Tomás Luis de Victoria, Thomas Tallis and William Byrd to George Frideric Handel, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Herbert Howells, Samuel Sebastian Wesley, Anton Bruckner, Gabriel Fauré, Maurice Duruflé, Ildebrando Pizzetti, Morten Lauridsen, James MacMillan and many other composers including occasional commissioned contemporary works.[8] The boys' choir is made up of about 15 boys from the neighbouring Sacred Heart Cathedral School. Each boy receives a scholarship which pays for weekly individual vocal tuition and theory lessons. The boys sing Vespers every Wednesday (5.30pm) and Choral Mass every second Sunday of the month (10.30am) during school term time.[8] Sacred Heart Cathedral is also a well-used concert venue (700 people can be seated[9]) for outside orchestras and performance groups because of the building's size and its fine "warm" acoustics.[10]

State funerals and episcopal anniversary

The Cathedral choir plays a prominent role in liturgical ceremonies in the Cathedral.[7] Its role in two important state funerals and an episcopal anniversary was of particular note.

Sacred Heart Cathedral: interior, early twentieth century, pre-Vatican II ordering.

Sir Joseph Ward, the 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand, died in July 1930.[11] Ward had prayed daily in the Basilica (or its predecessor, St Mary's Cathedral - see below) for all of his thirty-seven years as a member of the New Zealand Parliament. The requiem mass was celebrated on 9 July by Bishop O'Shea (then Coadjutor Archbishop of Wellington), and Archbishop Redwood, the 1st Archbishop of Wellington, delivered the panagyric. In the words of the NZ Herald, "unbent beneath the weight of his 91 years ... in his scarlet vestment, [Archbishop Redwood] was a commanding and impressive figure." After the Mass, Ward's casket lay in the Basilica where a steady stream of people came and went during the day. It was then transferred across the road to Parliament Buildings by his colleagues and family before being transported to Bluff where the interment took place.[11]

Michael Joseph Savage, the 23rd, and 1st Labour, Prime Minister of New Zealand, died on 27 March 1940.[12] His funeral gave the Cathedral choir a chance to achieve national recognition, as it was broadcast nationally. The crowd was so great in the church - even the organist needed an official invitation - that the boys in the choir were forced to sing from the chancel galleries high above the altar. After the solemn requiem at the Basilica, Savage was transported by a much interrupted rail journey to Auckland[13] where, after resting for a period at St Patrick's Cathedral while the Savage Memorial was constructed at Bastion Point, he was eventually buried.[14]

Another great choir occasion occurred earlier, in 1934, for the 60th episcopal anniversary of Archbishop Redwood himself, when "the special music of the Mass was rendered by the Basilica choir of fifty voices under the conductorship of Miss Eileen Dennehy. Miss Josephine Milligan was at the organ. The music of the Mass was as follows: 'Ecce Sacerdos' (Elgar), Edouard Silas' Mass in C, 'O Sacrum Convivium', and 'Jubilate Deo' ... the plain chant was sung by the male voices of the choir, under the baton of Rev. Father Feehly."[15]

Palladian basilica

Main article: Francis Petre § 1901 Cathedral of the Sacred Heart, Wellington

The first church to be built on the Hill Street Site was the wooden, neo-Gothic, St. Mary's Cathedral, blessed and opened in 1851.[16] It was gutted by fire on 28 November 1898, during repainting. It was decided that a new cathedral should be erected near Mt Victoria and a parish church built on the site of the old cathedral.[17]

Maison Carrée, Nimes, front view

However, the new church, called the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, was intended as a substantial building. Its foundation stone was laid in 1899 and the building blessed and opened two years later. The money to build Sacred Heart was taken from the fund for the new cathedral. The new cathedral was never actually built. In 1983 the Basilica was elevated to the status of a cathedral. On 18 March 1984, the Cathedral was consecrated by Cardinal Thomas Williams, the fifth Archbishop of Wellington. In 1985, the building was listed as a Category 1 Historic Place.[18]

Sacred Heart Cathedral, Wellington, 1910
Sacred Heart Cathedral: a frontage Column with Ionic Capital and Entablature.


Designed by architect Francis Petre, Sacred Heart was built on a classical basilican plan. However, its frontage of ionic columns of Oamaru stone and a high pediment closely reflect those of a Roman or Greek temple, and, in that respect, its most obvious model is the Maison Carrée, Nimes, which has full-length, Corinthian, columns. The Frieze of the Cathedral pediment carries the Latin inscription in gold letters: S.S. Cordi Jesu Dedicatum. A.D. MCMI which may be translated as "Dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. A.D. 1901."

The interior features a main aisle and two side aisles, a large colonnaded nave and a large arch forming the entrance to the sanctuary.[18] The Cathedral is largely built of Oamaru limestone with brick facings. To strengthen the building against earthquakes, concrete piers and steel beams were incorporated in the fabric of the building in 1983. The Blessed Sacrament chapel, the foyer entrance and the adjoining Connolly Hall were added to the Cathedral in 1984, They are mainly constructed in concrete.[19] At the same time a large square or piazza was constructed at the east end of the Cathedral and this is used for processions and gathering space, especially on Palm Sunday, during Holy Week and at Easter for the Service of the light and the candle-lit procession before the Easter Vigil mass. For a period Sacred Heart looked even more palladian when it had twin bell towers topped with domes.[20] These towers were incorporated in the original design but were removed in 1942, following an earthquake.[3]

Interior features

Sacred Heart Cathedral: south aisle and window; to the right, a station of the cross with a "mater dolorosa" sculpture below it.

Bishop Viard memorial

On a pier beside the South Aisle are three memorial tablets (one in English and two in Latin) relating to Bishop Viard, the first Bishop of Wellington, who died in 1872 and is buried in the Cathedral.[19] He was originally buried in the old St Mary's Cathedral in a brick vault at the foot of Our Lady's Altar. His tomb in the present Cathedral is approximately where the baptismal font is at the cross-aisle (see photograph above).[21] Four years later, the first parish priest of Thorndon, Father Jean Baptist Petitjean, who had arrived in Wellington with Bishop Viard in 1850, died in front of the same altar at the tomb of his bishop. Father Petitjean is also commemorated in Sacred Heart.[22][23]

Sculpture

Inside the Cathedral at the entrance are small statues of the Four Evangelists. These originally stood under the first High Altar of the present cathedral. Near the sanctuary is a statue of St Brigid patron of St Brigid's Church, Wadestown, which was closed in 2007. Behind the cathedra in the sanctuary is a bronze and enamelled Processional Cross designed and made by Graham Stewart for the visit of Pope John Paul II to Wellington in 1986. The sanctuary contains some important mosaics. Beneath the Stations of the Cross, is a set of fourteen bronzes, Mater Dolorosa, designed by Wellington sculptor, Eve Black, depicting Mary's sorrow as she witnessed her son's journey to the Cross and Grave.[19]

Blessed Sacrament Chapel

The Blessed Sacrament Chapel, built to the north, at right angles to the main axis of the building, can accommodate about 60 worshippers. The chapel houses five examples of fine English Victorian stained glass from the studios of the Atkinson Brothers. The central window is decorated with abstract designs. The other windows are of saints, two on each side. The saints are (on the left) Patrick and John and (on the right) James and Peter. The windows " ... are a unique collection as no other building in the world contains more than two from these same workshops." [19] The modern glass above the chapel doors was designed and fabricated by Graham Stewart of Christchurch. There is also a fine icon of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and St Mary his mother by contemporary iconographer, Michael Galovic (installed in 2007).[24] In the west wall of the chapel is a small space or ambry where the holy oils (called Chrism) are kept. The ambry is backed by a panel with a gold sculptured image of Christ on it. This panel was a door, once part of the tabernacle of the High Altar of old St Mary's Cathedral.[19] The front of the ambry has a wide red and yellow, glass, mosaic border around the glassed-in space where can be seen the three glass, amphora-like, Chrismaria containing the holy oil. These vessels and their contents are bathed in a somber green light.[24]

Blessed Virgin Mary

In the cloister courtyard beside the foyer entrance of the Cathedral stands the two-metre metal statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary, made in France, that was lodged on 8 September 1867 high up on the east side of the tower of the original cathedral, St Mary's Cathedral, where it faced the harbour and reflected "the first rays of the rising sun."[25]The statue fell some 80 feet during the 1898 fire.[19] Eyewitnesses attested that when the Cathedral tower fell, the statue hung momentarily in mid air before descending slowly and gracefully and in an upright position to the ground where it landed completely undamaged.[22][26]

Kohatu whakairo and Pou

Amongst the treasures of the Cathedral are a kohatu whakairo (thinking stone - a carved rock of Oamaru stone) situated inside the Cathedral entrance and a pou (a carved wooden pole) in the piazza in front of the Cathedral. The taonga were gifts from Catholic Māori of the Archdiocese and were installed in 1989.[27] They were carved by Porirua master carver Lou Kereopa.[19]

References

  1. ^ Dan Kelly, p. 155.
  2. ^ In Roman Catholic ecclesiatical terms, Sacred Heart Cathedral is not a Minor basilica: List of minor basilicas in the world.
  3. ^ a b c Charles Fearnley, p. 149
  4. ^ Dan Kelly, p. 162.
  5. ^ Archdiocese of Wellington, Cathedral Parish - Sacred Heart (Retrieved 17 August 2014)
  6. ^ Sacred Heart Cathedral, Service times (Retrieved 26 November 2014)
  7. ^ a b "Music at the Cathedral", Sacred Heart Cathedral (Retrieved 26 November 2014)
  8. ^ a b c Programme Notes, Noel: A concert of Advent and Christmas music, Sacred Heart Cathedral, Wellington, 5 December 2012.
  9. ^ "Ministries", Sacred Heart Cathedral (Retrieved 26 November 2014)
  10. ^ John Button, Dominion-Post, 6 October 2014 (Retrieved 23 November 2014)
  11. ^ a b Michael Bassett, Sir Joseph Ward: A political biography, Auckland University Press, 1993, pp. 283 and 284.
  12. ^ Barry Gustafson, From the Cradle to the Grave: A biography of Michael Joseph Savage, Reed Methuen, Auckland, 1986, p. 271.
  13. ^ Dan Kelly, pp. 140 and 141.
  14. ^ Ernest Simmonds, The Story of St. Patrick's, p. 20.
  15. ^ "Pictorial Record & Narrative of the Episcopal Jubilee" Catholic News, Wellington, May 1934, quoted by Dan Kelly, p. 129
  16. ^ Charles Fearnley, pp. 145-148.
  17. ^ Dan Kelly, pp. 75-78.
  18. ^ a b New Zealand Historic Places Trust, Sacred Heart Cathedral, Wellington (Retrieved 17 August 2014)
  19. ^ a b c d e f g Metropolitan Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and St Mary His Mother, Hill St, Thorndon, Wellington: A Short Guide, Sacred Heart Cathedral Parish, Thorndon, 2011(?)
  20. ^ Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand: Photograph of the Cathedral showing bell towers. (Retrieved 23 November 2014)
  21. ^ Dan Kelly, P. 23.
  22. ^ a b Charles Fearnley, P. 148.
  23. ^ "Catholic pioneers: Fr Jean-Baptiste Petitjean", Catholic Archdiocese of Wellington (Retrieved 23 November 2014)
  24. ^ a b "Sacred Heart Cathedral: An oasis of peace open daily", Sacred Heart Parish, 2012.
  25. ^ Dan Kelly, pp. 18 and 19.
  26. ^ see: Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Christchurch describing a similar event in Christchurch 112 years later.
  27. ^ ”Unique gift to cathedral”, Zealandia, 22 January 1989, p. 1.

Main sources

  • Charles Fearnley, "The Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Catholic: Hill St", in Early Wellington Churches, Millwood Press, Wellington, 1977, pp. 145-149.
  • Dan Kelly, On Golders Hill: A History of the Thorndon Parish, Daniel Kelly/Parish of the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and of Saint Mary His Mother, Wellington, 2001.

See also

  • Sacred Heart Cathedral, Wellington
  • "Cathedral of the Sacred Heart (Catholic)". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
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