Herrerian style: Difference between revisions
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[[File:El Escorial-Madrid.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Herrerian façade of the Monastery of El Escorial.]] |
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[[File:Valdemorillo iglesia.jpg|thumb|250px|Main façade of the Church of Our Lady of Assumption, in [[Valdemorillo]] ([[Community of Madrid]]).]] |
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[[Image:Evangelg.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Monastery of El Escorial, Evangelistas square.]] |
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[[File:20070415 - Monasterio de Uclés - Vista desde el oeste (2).jpg|thumb|250px|[[Monastery of Uclés]], in the Cuencan municipality of [[Uclés]].]] |
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[[File:Palacio Ducal de Lerma.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Ducal Palace of Lerma]], in the Burguese municipality of [[Lerma, Burgos|Lerma]].]] |
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[[File:Palacio de Santa Cruz6.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Façade of [[Santa Cruz Palace, Madrid|Palacio de Santa Cruz (Madrid)]].]] |
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[[File:Lermacolegiata lou19.JPG|250px|thumb|[[Colegiata de San Pedro (Lerma)|Colegiata de San Pedro]] ([[Lerma, Burgos|Lerma]], [[province of Burgos]]).]] |
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[[File:Colegiata San Luis VillagarciaDeCampos.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Colegiata de San Luis (Villagarcía de Campos)|Colegiata de San Luis]] ([[Villagarcía de Campos]], [[province of Valladolid]]).]] |
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The '''Herrerian''' ({{lang-es|Herreriano, Arquitectura herreriana}}) was developed in [[Spain]] during the last third of the 16th century under the reign of [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] (1556-1598), and continued in force in the 17th century, but transformed by the [[Baroque]] current of the time. It corresponds to the third and final stage of the [[Spanish Renaissance]] architecture, which evolved into a progressive purification ornamental, from the initial [[plateresque]] to classical [[Purism (architecture)|purism]] of the second third of the 16th century and total nudity decorative that introduced the Herrerian style. |
The '''Herrerian''' ({{lang-es|Herreriano, Arquitectura herreriana}}) was developed in [[Spain]] during the last third of the 16th century under the reign of [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] (1556-1598), and continued in force in the 17th century, but transformed by the [[Baroque]] current of the time. It corresponds to the third and final stage of the [[Spanish Renaissance]] architecture, which evolved into a progressive purification ornamental, from the initial [[plateresque]] to classical [[Purism (architecture)|purism]] of the second third of the 16th century and total nudity decorative that introduced the Herrerian style. |
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In regard to decorative applications, these reduce the use of basic geometric shapes such as [[sphere]]s and [[pyramid]]s. From a [[Sociology|sociological]] standpoint, this sobriety is a response to [[Protestantism]], in line with the guidelines set by the [[Council of Trent]] (1545-1563). |
In regard to decorative applications, these reduce the use of basic geometric shapes such as [[sphere]]s and [[pyramid]]s. From a [[Sociology|sociological]] standpoint, this sobriety is a response to [[Protestantism]], in line with the guidelines set by the [[Council of Trent]] (1545-1563). |
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== Historical development == |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Colegio de Nuestra Señora La Antigua (Monforte de Lemos).jpg|Colegio de Nuestra Señora de La Antigua, Monforte de Lemos. This is considered an example of the Herrerian style. |
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Image:Palacio Ducal de Lerma.jpg|Palace of Lerma (Burgos) |
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Image:Toledo Tavera.jpg|Hospital of Tavera (Toledo, built between 1541 - 1603). |
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Image:ToledoTaveraInt.jpg|Inner square arcade of Hospital of Tavera. |
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Image:Vistaescorial.jpg|El Escorial ([[Madrid]])from Monte Abantos. |
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The Herrerian style was the official architecture of the [[Habsburg Spain|Habsburg]]s, from the reign of [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]]. The sociopolitical impact meant the construction of the [[El Escorial|Monastery of El Escorial]] (1563-1584) facilitated its expansion. To this contributed also the fact that [[Juan de Herrera]] was appointed in 1579 Inspector of Monuments of the Crown. |
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</gallery> |
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The style spread through first in the [[Community of Madrid|Madridan]] [[Comarcas of the Community of Madrid|comarcas]] of the [[Sierra de Guadarrama]], located within the catchment area of the Monastery of El Escorial, through two ways: works directly funded by the Royal Family and those promoted by the Guadarraman municipalities. |
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The first category covers infrastructure such as the [[Puente Nuevo (Galapagar)|Puente Nuevo]], in [[Galapagar]], and buildings for private use by [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]], as the Casa Veleta, also in the same town, and the [[Real Aposento de Torrelodones]], both disappeared. Were built for comfort the movements of the King from [[Madrid]] to the [[Real Sitio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial y El Escorial|Real Sitio de El Escorial]]. |
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In [[El Escorial, Madrid|El Escorial Town]], the Crown encouraged the development of various urban planning and the construction of the [[Iglesia de San Bernabé (El Escorial)|Church of San Bernabé]], by Francisco de Mora, one of the contributors to Herrera in the works of the Royal Monastery. |
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The Royal Family also approved the granting of benefits to those municipalities to proceed with the renovation of its main public and religious buildings. The result of this measure is the currently Herrerian aspect of the parish churches of [[Valdemorillo]] and [[Navalagamella]], both of [[medieval]] origin. |
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The Herrerian style quickly spread throughout [[Spain]] and [[America]]. Some representative works are the [[Cathedral of Valladolid]] and the [[Puente de Segovia (Madrid)|Puente de Segovia]] ([[Madrid]]), both designed by [[Juan de Herrera]]; the church of the [[Monastery of Uclés]] ([[Uclés]], Cuenca Province), by [[Francisco de Mora]]; the [[Church of San Sebastián (Villacastín)|Church of San Sebastián]] ([[Villacastín]], Segovia Province), attributed to [[Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón]]; the [[Colegiata de San Luis]] ([[Villagarcía de Campos]], Valladolid Province), by the same author; and the [[College of Our Lady of Antigua]] ([[Monforte de Lemos]], Lugo Province) by Simón de Monasterio. |
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Special mention deserves the [[Ducal Palace of Lerma|Ducal Palace]] of [[Lerma]] (Burgos Province), by [[Francisco de Mora]] that began in 1601. Led to the adoption of the emerging Herrerian style by the emerging [[Baroque]] trends of the time and the establishment of a palatial architecture model, which was repeated throughout the 17th century. |
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Most civic buildings erected in [[Madrid]] during the reign of [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]] and [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]] continued the architectural guidelines of that palace. This is the case of the [[Palace of the Councils, Madrid|Palacio de los Concejos]], the [[Santa Cruz Palace, Madrid|Palacio de Santa Cruz]] and the [[Plaza de la Villa|Casa de la Villa]], all of baroque bill, but with notable Herrerian reminiscent. |
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The influence of Herrerian style is also visible in the expansion that, separately, had its distinctive spire pyramidal, with slate roofs. This item was adopted by many constructions previous to 16th century, mainly in the bell towers and [[dome]]s of the churches. |
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The 18th and 19th century meant the decline of this architectural movement. In the 20th century came to pick up, during the [[Francoist Spain|dictatorship of Francisco Franco]]. The Plaza de la Moncloa, in [[Madrid]], chaired by [[Spanish Air Force|Air Force]] headquarters, symbolizes the resurgence of the Herrerian architecture. |
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== See Also == |
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* [[El Madrid de los Austrias]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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Revision as of 00:56, 2 April 2011
.jpg?lang=en)
The Herrerian (Spanish: Herreriano, Arquitectura herreriana) was developed in Spain during the last third of the 16th century under the reign of Philip II (1556-1598), and continued in force in the 17th century, but transformed by the Baroque current of the time. It corresponds to the third and final stage of the Spanish Renaissance architecture, which evolved into a progressive purification ornamental, from the initial plateresque to classical purism of the second third of the 16th century and total nudity decorative that introduced the Herrerian style.
It originated with the construction of the Monastery of El Escorial (San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Community of Madrid) and, more specifically, with the reorganization of the project made by Cantabrian architect Juan de Herrera (1530-1597), after the death of Juan Bautista de Toledo (1515-1567), author of the first design.
Its main representatives are the mentioned Herrera, whose the style owes its name, and Francisco de Mora (1553-1610), disciple of the anterior and architect of the Ducal Palace of Lerma (Lerma, Province of Burgos), other of the key works of Herrerian architecture.
Features
The Herrerian architecture, or Herrerian style is characterized by its geometric rigor, the mathematical relation between the various architectural features, the clean volumes, the dominance of the wall over the span and the almost total absence of decoration, which is why in time was called desornamentaded style. Is also known as escorial style, referring to the building that serves as best example for the architectural style.
The Herrerian buildings are noted for its severe horizontality, achieved through the balance of forms, preferably cubic, which are arranged symmetrically in the structure. Usually have wooden roofs covered with slate in the exterior and side towers, tipped with pointed toes pyramidal spire, which introduce an element of verticality, while helping to reinforce the sense of symmetry.
At other cases, not looking both the horizontal and the bulkiness, which is reached through the geometrical design of the various architectural elements. This is the case of the model used in the construction of parish churches, with great facades, quadrangular towers and heavy buttresses.
It is, in most cases, works of great size, imposing in its environment and impress with its austere and monumental air.
In regard to decorative applications, these reduce the use of basic geometric shapes such as spheres and pyramids. From a sociological standpoint, this sobriety is a response to Protestantism, in line with the guidelines set by the Council of Trent (1545-1563).
Historical development
The Herrerian style was the official architecture of the Habsburgs, from the reign of Philip II. The sociopolitical impact meant the construction of the Monastery of El Escorial (1563-1584) facilitated its expansion. To this contributed also the fact that Juan de Herrera was appointed in 1579 Inspector of Monuments of the Crown.
The style spread through first in the Madridan comarcas of the Sierra de Guadarrama, located within the catchment area of the Monastery of El Escorial, through two ways: works directly funded by the Royal Family and those promoted by the Guadarraman municipalities.
The first category covers infrastructure such as the Puente Nuevo, in Galapagar, and buildings for private use by Philip II, as the Casa Veleta, also in the same town, and the Real Aposento de Torrelodones, both disappeared. Were built for comfort the movements of the King from Madrid to the Real Sitio de El Escorial.
In El Escorial Town, the Crown encouraged the development of various urban planning and the construction of the Church of San Bernabé, by Francisco de Mora, one of the contributors to Herrera in the works of the Royal Monastery.
The Royal Family also approved the granting of benefits to those municipalities to proceed with the renovation of its main public and religious buildings. The result of this measure is the currently Herrerian aspect of the parish churches of Valdemorillo and Navalagamella, both of medieval origin.
The Herrerian style quickly spread throughout Spain and America. Some representative works are the Cathedral of Valladolid and the Puente de Segovia (Madrid), both designed by Juan de Herrera; the church of the Monastery of Uclés (Uclés, Cuenca Province), by Francisco de Mora; the Church of San Sebastián (Villacastín, Segovia Province), attributed to Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón; the Colegiata de San Luis (Villagarcía de Campos, Valladolid Province), by the same author; and the College of Our Lady of Antigua (Monforte de Lemos, Lugo Province) by Simón de Monasterio.
Special mention deserves the Ducal Palace of Lerma (Burgos Province), by Francisco de Mora that began in 1601. Led to the adoption of the emerging Herrerian style by the emerging Baroque trends of the time and the establishment of a palatial architecture model, which was repeated throughout the 17th century.
Most civic buildings erected in Madrid during the reign of Philip III and Philip IV continued the architectural guidelines of that palace. This is the case of the Palacio de los Concejos, the Palacio de Santa Cruz and the Casa de la Villa, all of baroque bill, but with notable Herrerian reminiscent.
The influence of Herrerian style is also visible in the expansion that, separately, had its distinctive spire pyramidal, with slate roofs. This item was adopted by many constructions previous to 16th century, mainly in the bell towers and domes of the churches.
The 18th and 19th century meant the decline of this architectural movement. In the 20th century came to pick up, during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. The Plaza de la Moncloa, in Madrid, chaired by Air Force headquarters, symbolizes the resurgence of the Herrerian architecture.
See Also
Notes
External links
- Template:Es icon Arquitectura renacentista
- Template:Es icon Arquitectura Renacentista Clásica y Herreriana
