List of Douglas A-26 Invader operators: Difference between revisions
B-26C FAB 5175, ex-USAAF 44-35969, N8628E, TOC June 1969, Wfu, SOC December 1975 |
Completing FAB Invaders with CB-26 FAB 5176, ex-USAAF 44-34134 impounded 21 June 1966, TOC 1970, SOC January 1975, preserved in museum |
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*B-26C FAB 5173, 44-34615, N4817E, taken on charge June [[1969]], withdrawn from use between [[1973]] and [[1975]], struck off charge circa [[1974]]. |
*B-26C FAB 5173, 44-34615, N4817E, taken on charge June [[1969]], withdrawn from use between [[1973]] and [[1975]], struck off charge circa [[1974]]. |
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*B-26C FAB 5174, 44-34749, N4823E, taken on charge June [[1969]], withdrawn from use, struck off charge December [[1975]], originally preserved at ESPAer near Sâo Paulo but sold back to USA as N4823E circa [[1984]]. |
*B-26C FAB 5174, 44-34749, N4823E, taken on charge June [[1969]], withdrawn from use, struck off charge December [[1975]], originally preserved at ESPAer near Sâo Paulo but sold back to USA as N4823E circa [[1984]]. |
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*B-26C FAB 5175, 44-35969, N8628E, taken on charge June [[1969]], withdrawn from use, struck off charge December [[1975]]. |
*B-26C FAB 5175, 44-35969, N8628E, taken on charge June [[1969]], withdrawn from use, struck off charge December [[1975]]. |
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*CB-26 FAB 5176, later C-26 FAB 5176, 44-34134, N115RG, N4974N, civilian aircraft impounded [[21 June]] [[1966]], taken on charge [[1970]], used as a transport, withdrawn from use, struck off charge January [[1975]], preserved with Museu de Armas e Veiculos Motorizidos Antigos, Bebedouro, SP state. |
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FAB Invaders were redesignated from B-26 to A-26 in [[1970]], FAB 5176 being the exception. |
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==={{CHI}}=== |
==={{CHI}}=== |
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;[[Chilean Air Force]] |
;[[Chilean Air Force]] |
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Revision as of 02:50, 2 December 2007
The List of A-26 Invader operators lists the counties, their air force units, and civilian companies that have operated the Douglas A-26 Invader:
Military operators
Biafra acquired and used (at least) two provisionally armed A-26s during Nigerian Civil War. Former French Air Force (of the CEV test centre) B-26R, USAAF serial 41-39531, put up for sale, 11 July 1966. Registered to Pan Eurasian Trading Company, Luxembourg, 2 August 1966 (N64Y?) as "an investment", never operated; "resold to a Mr Ernest A. Koenig - a German-American residing in Luxembourg. It seems very likely that Mr Koenig acted as an agent for Eastern Nigeria, and one source claims that the real buyer was a 'French company, which paid good money for the aircraft'. It has been claimed that the Biafrans (who had purchasing agents in France) ended up paying as much as $320,000 for it, which certainly made the aircraft a good investment for somebody. Although there is no direct evidence for contacts between Mr Koenig and the Eastern Nigerians at this stage, it should be mentioned that he was later also involved in the sale of ex-Luftwaffe C-47s to Biafra."[1]
In late October, Koenig had the Invader placed on the US register as N12756, the airframe stored at Courtrai-Wevelgelhem in Belgium. Taken out of storage and prepped for delivery to Africa in early June 1967. Ferried to Lisbon by Belgian pilot in mid-June. Departed Lisbon 26 June, flown by former French CEV pilot and ex-Polish squadron co-pilot, arriving at Biafran capital Enugu on 29 June 1967. Known as "The Shark" with a crudely-applied shark's mouth and a single nose-mounted machine gun, it was abandoned at Enugu on 4 October 1967 in a damaged condition. [1]
A second former French Invader, RB-26P, USAAF 44-34312, registered F-BMJR, one of five sold to aerial survey company Société Carta by the Armée de l'Air in 1966, and last seen at Creil near Paris in June 1967, was flown to Biafra in August 1967 by two American pilots. "It was sold to Biafra through the French arms dealer Pierre Laureys, who had also been involved in the sale of the first Invader." (Some reports claim that an Invader carrying the bogus registration N1888T was delivered to Biafra. There might be possibly some connection with this RB-26P.) [1]
It was painted in a similar camouflage scheme to the first B-26, but with no shark's mouth. It commenced operations using locally produced ordinance until damaged in accident 2 December 1967 and grounded. Abandoned at Port Harcourt in damaged condition due to a lack of spares. Captured by Nigerian forces 18 May 1968, it was blown up or damaged sufficiently by BAF commandos on 19 May 1968 to prevent operation.[1]
Neither Invader received a BAF serial.
- B-26B FAB 5145, 41-39246, taken on charge September 1957, refurbished 1968, withdrawn from use, stricken 1975.
- B-26B FAB 5146, 43-22469, taken on charge September 1957, struck off charge 14 July 1967, crashed on T-O at Natal.
- B-26B FAB 5147, 43-22496, taken on charge September 1957, refurbished 1968, withdrawn from use, struck off charge 1975.
- B-26B FAB 5148, 43-22597, taken on charge September 1957, struck off charge 5 August 1965, written-off at Natal.
- B-26B FAB 5149, B-26C FAB 5149, 44-34163, taken on charge 1957, refurbished 1968 into B-26C, withdrawn from use, struck off charge April 1974.
- B-26B FAB 5150, 44-34196, taken on charge 1957, refurbished 1968, withdrawn from use, struck off charge 1975.
- B-26B FAB 5151, 44-34207, taken on charge 1957, written off at Natal, struck off charge, 9 August 1965.
- B-26B FAB 5152, 44-34208, taken on charge 1957, withdrawn from use and struck off charge January 1975.
- B-26B FAB 5153, 44-35235, taken on charge 1957, refurbished 1968, withdrawn from use, struck off charge 1975.
- B-26B FAB 5154, 44-35405, taken on charge 1957, written off 13 June 1958, São José de Mipibu, SP state.
- B-26B FAB 5155, 44-35415, taken on charge 1957, written off 28 September 1965, Niquelândia, GO state.
- B-26B FAB 5156, 44-35586, taken on charge 1957, refurbished 1968, withdrawn from use, struck off charge December 1975. Was displayed at FAB Academy in 1 o/ 10 o GAv markings. Transferred to Parnamirim in 1987.
- B-26B FAB 5157, 44-35610, taken on charge 1957, refurbished 1968, withdrawn from use, struck off charge December 1973.
- B-26B FAB 5158, 44-35713, taken on charge 1957, refurbished 1968, withdrawn from use, struck off charge August 1972.
- B-26C FAB 5159, B-26B FAB 5159, 41-39288, taken on charge 1957, refurbished 1968 into B-26B. Withdrawn from use, now displayed at Museu Aerospacial near Rio de Janeiro.
- B-26C FAB 5160, B-26B FAB 5160, 43-22271, taken on charge 1957, refurbished 1968 into B-26B. Withdrawn from use, struck off charge December 1975.
- B-26C FAB 5161, 43-22415, taken on charge 1958, to have been refurbished 1968 but found to be too badly corroded. Withdrawn from use, struck off charge June 1968.
- B-26C FAB 5162, 43-22456, taken on charge 1958, refurbished 1968, withdrawn from use, struck off charge 1975.
- B-26C FAB 5163, 43-22457, taken on charge 1958, withdrawn from use, struck of charge October 1967.
- B-26C FAB 5164, 43-22461, taken on charge 1958, withdrawn from use, struck off charge June 1968.
- B-26C FAB 5165, 43-22472, taken on charge 1958, withdrawn from use, struck off charge October 1967.
- B-26C FAB 5166, 43-22477, taken on charge 1958, withdrawn from use, struck off charge June 1968.
- B-26C FAB 5167, 43-22605, taken on charge 1958, written off at Caravelas, BA state, 10 June 1963.
- B-26C FAB 5168, 44-34120, taken on charge 1958, withdrawn from use, struck off charge June 1968.
- B-26C FAB 5169, 44-34329, taken on charge 1958, withdrawn from use, struck off charge June 1968.
- B-26C FAB 5170, B-26B FAB 5170, 44-35264, taken on charge February 1958, refurbished 1969 into B-26B. Withdrawn from use, struck off charge December 1975.
- B-26C FAB 5171, B-26B FAB 5171, 44-35790, taken on charge February 1958, refurbished 1968 still as B-26C, but later reconfigured into B-26B in Brazil. Withdrawn from use, struck off charge December 1975.
- B-26C FAB 5172, 44-35902, taken on charge February 1958, refurbished 1968, withdrawn from use, struck off charge December 1975.
- B-26C FAB 5173, 44-34615, N4817E, taken on charge June 1969, withdrawn from use between 1973 and 1975, struck off charge circa 1974.
- B-26C FAB 5174, 44-34749, N4823E, taken on charge June 1969, withdrawn from use, struck off charge December 1975, originally preserved at ESPAer near Sâo Paulo but sold back to USA as N4823E circa 1984.
- B-26C FAB 5175, 44-35969, N8628E, taken on charge June 1969, withdrawn from use, struck off charge December 1975.
- CB-26 FAB 5176, later C-26 FAB 5176, 44-34134, N115RG, N4974N, civilian aircraft impounded 21 June 1966, taken on charge 1970, used as a transport, withdrawn from use, struck off charge January 1975, preserved with Museu de Armas e Veiculos Motorizidos Antigos, Bebedouro, SP state.
FAB Invaders were redesignated from B-26 to A-26 in 1970, FAB 5176 being the exception.
"The last Latin American air arm to acquire a B-26, and place the type in active combat-configured service, Honduras also holds the distinction of being the very last air arm to operate the type anywhere."[1]
The need for a replacement for the bomber and close air support fleet in Africa during the Colonial War, composed of the PV-2 Harpoon and of the F-84G Thunderjet, led to the procurement by the Portuguese Air Force of a new bomber in the mid-sixties. But because of the United Nations arms embargo then in force against Portugal it would prove difficult to acquire new aircraft, thus special methods had to be used. In late 1964, with the decision made to acquire the B-26 Invader a contact was established with an arms broker in order to try to obtain 20 B-26.[2]
The arms dealer, Luber SA in Geneva, signed an agreement with Aero Associates of Arizona to suppy 20 aircraft that would be refurbished by Hamilton Aircraft. The first B-26 would be delivered by April 30, 1965 and the last one by January 1966. Besides the aircraft, a lot of spare parts and accessories would also be included in the purchase.
It is not clear how the export licenses were obtained, but in May 1965 the first aircraft piloted by John Hawke, was ferried from Tucson to Tancos, Portugal, through Rochester, Torbay, Canada, and Santa Maria, Azores. By August 1965, seven aircraft had already been delivered.
In September the US Customs arrested Hawke and other people involved in the arms deal, as well prevented a C-46 transporting spare parts to Portugal from leaving the United States.
In December 1966, with only seven B-26 bombers and their provisions for armament, although without armament, the decision was taken to equip the aircraft with the following:
- Nose: 6 Browning 0.50 M2 machine guns;
- Bomb-bay: Two suspension points for bombs of 50 or 200 kg, and equipment for releasing 15 kg bombs;
- Wings: Two suspension points per wing, allowing the alternate or combined utilization of two bombs of 200 kg or six bombs of 50 kg.
Also of installing rocket launchers under the wings, allowing four rockets of 2,5", 18 of 37 mm, or 36 of 37 mm per point was possible.
Until 1970 it was very difficult to start operating all the seven aircraft due to the lack of spare parts, however, at least it was possible to begin operational testing with three aircraft. That same year these three first B-26 were sent to Guinea-Bissau as a detachment to be tested in a tropical climate.
Meanwhile the Air Force continue trying to obtain spare parts and armament. Many contacts and visits were made with other countries operating the B-26, including at least one visit to Brazil that was also operating the A-26 by that time. In September 1967, one of the first contacts took place with a visit to Chateaudun, France, during which 13 former-French Air Force were offered for sale, including seven aircraft equipped with radar. All of the aircraft had between 3,000 and 8,000 flight hours in total. The offer was rejected probably due to the state of the aircraft.
Other spontaneous offers were also received, one of them was the proposal of six former-Guatemalan Air Force B-26 in January 1971, by 950,000 USD each. Mentioned was also the possibility of obtaining former-Nicaraguan B-26. This offer was also not accepted.
In 1971 the complete refurbishment of the seven aircraft was initiated at OGMA with spare parts obtained from France. The bombers were completely stripped down, the wing-spars reinforced and the armament installed. Also during this work the rear windows were covered. By November 1971, all aircraft had been refurbished except for 7104 that was scrapped due to heavy corrosion found when the stripping started.
The next year, 1972, many testing trips were to Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands. In 1973 all the six aircraft were sent to Angola to replace Squadron's 93 F-84G fighters.
The aircraft operated until 1975, mainly for armed reconnaissance. After the war all six were left in Angola. Later one B-26 was taken to Cuba, reportedly 7101.
Template:Standard table |+ B-26 aircraft received |- ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;" rowspan="2"|Type ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;" colspan="2"|Serial number ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;" rowspan="2"|Delivery ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;" rowspan="2"|Retired ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;" rowspan="2"|First flight ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;" rowspan="2"|Notes |- ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|USAF ! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|PoAF |- | B-26B-60/61-DL || 44-34535 || 7101 || 5/1965 || 1975 || April 26, 1971 || Solid nose |- | B-26B-55/65-DL || 44-34328 || 7102 || 1965 || 1975 || January 1972 || Equipped with Plexiglas nose |- | B-26C-40-DT || 44-35631 || 7103 || 1965 || 1975 || November 1971 || Solid nose |- | B-26B-66-DL || 44-34726A || 7104 || 1965 || 1973 || September 26, 1967 || Scrapped by decision of March 1973. Some parts preserved for the Air Force Air Museum |- | B-26B-20-DT || 43-22427 || 7105 || 1965 || 1975 || September 1971 || |- | B-26B-40-DL || 41-39517AF || 7106 || 1965 || 1975 || July 28, 1969 |- | B-26C-35-DT || 44-35363 || 7107 || 1965 || 1975 || September 9, 1970 || |- |}
B-26 aircraft operated in Vietnamese markings were actually part of the US Air Force and crewed by Americans.
United Kingdom performed evaluation test of 2 aircraft only.
Civil operators
After military service, many A-26 aircraft were converted to "water bombers" and used to fight forest fires in the United States and Canada. Several A-26 aircraft were converted by On Mark Engineering Company to an On Mark Marksman executive transport configuration and were used into the 1990s.
- Bell Helicopter
- Calspan Flight Research
- Hughes Aircraft
- LeTourneau of Longview Texas
- Lynch Air Tankers
- PFB Enterprises
- Standard Oil
References
- ^ a b c d e Hagedorn, Dan and Hellström, Leif (1994). ""Foreign Invaders - The Douglas Invader in foreign military and US clandestine service". Earl Shilton, Leicester, England: Midland Publishing Limited: 105.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Cite error: The named reference "hagedorn" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ Portuguese Military Aviation - The Douglas B-26B/B-26C Invader
- Baugher, Joe.Douglas A-26/B-26 Invader. [1]. Access date: 13 August 2007.
- Mesko, Jim. A-26 Invader in action. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1980. ISBN 0-89747-093-1.
- Winchester, Jim. "Douglas A-26 Invader." Aircraft of World War II. London: Grange Books, 2004. ISBN 1-84013-639-1.
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