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Over the course of its history, the LGBT community has adopted certain symbols for self-identification to demonstrate unity, pride, shared values, and allegiance to one another. These symbols communicate ideas, concepts, and identity both within their communities and to mainstream culture. The two symbols most recognized internationally are the pink triangle and the rainbow flag.

Letters and glyphs

Gender symbols

The female and male gender symbols are derived from the astronomical symbols for the planets Venus and Mars respectively. In modern science, the singular symbol for Venus is used to represent the female sex, and singular symbol for Mars is used to represent the male sex.^[1]

Two interlocking female symbols (⚢) represent a lesbian or the lesbian community, and two interlocking male symbols (⚣) a gay male or the gay male community.^[2]^[3] These symbols first appeared in the 1970s.^[3]

The symbols for the female (♀) and male (♂), combined around a circle (⚧) is used to represent transgender people.^[4]^[5]

Lambda

In 1970, graphic designer Tom Doerr selected the lower-case Greek letter lambda (λ) to be the symbol of the New York chapter of the Gay Activists Alliance.^[6]^[7] The alliance's literature states that Doerr chose the symbol specifically for its denotative meaning in the context of chemistry and physics: "a complete exchange of energy–that moment or span of time witness to absolute activity".^[6]

The lambda became associated with Gay Liberation,^[8]^[9] and in December 1974, it was officially declared the international symbol for gay and lesbian rights by the International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland.^[10] The gay rights organization Lambda Legal and the American Lambda Literary Foundation derive their names from this symbol.

Plants and animals

Green carnation

In 19th-century England, green indicated homosexual affiliations, as popularized by gay author Oscar Wilde, who often wore one on his lapel.^[11]^[12]

Lavender rhinoceros

Daniel Thaxton and Bernie Toale created a lavender rhinoceros symbol for a public ad campaign to increase visibility for gay people in Boston helmed by Gay Media Action-Advertising; Toale said they chose a rhinoceros because “it is a much maligned and misunderstood animal” and that it was lavender because that is a mix of pink and blue, making it a symbolic merger of the feminine and masculine. However, in May 1974, Metro Transit Advertising said its lawyers could not "determine eligibility of the public service rate" for the lavender rhinoceros ads, which tripled the cost of the ad campaign. Gay Media Action challenged this, but were unsuccessful. The lavender rhinoceros symbol was seen on signs, pins, and t-shirts at the Boston Pride Parade later in 1974, and a life-sized papier-mâché lavender rhinoceros was part of the parade. Money was raised for the ads, and they began running on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Green Line by December 3, 1974, and ran there until February 1975. The lavender rhinoceros continued as a symbol of the gay community, appearing at the 1976 Boston Pride Parade and on a flag that was raised at Boston City Hall in 1987.^[13]

Sweet flag

According to some interpretations, American poet Walt Whitman used the sweet flag plant to represent homoerotic love.^[14]

Unicorns

Unicorns have become a symbol of LGBT culture due to earlier associations between the animal and rainbows being extended to the rainbow flag created in 1978 by Gilbert Baker.^[15]

Violets

Violets and their color became a special code used by lesbians and bisexual women.^[16]^[17]^[18] The symbolism of the flower derives from several fragments of poems by Sappho in which she describes a lover wearing garlands or a crown with violets.^[19]^[20] In 1926, the play La Prisonnière by Édouard Bourdet used a bouquet of violets to signify lesbian love.^[21] When the play became subject to censorship, many Parisian lesbians wore violets to demonstrate solidarity with its lesbian subject matter.^[22]

Triangle badges of the Third Reich

One of the oldest of these symbols is the downward-pointing pink triangle that male homosexuals in Nazi concentration camps were required to wear on their clothing. The badge is one of several badges that internees wore to identify what kind of prisoners they were.^[23] Many of the estimated 5,000–15,000 gay men and lesbians imprisoned in concentration camps died during the Holocaust.^[24] The pink triangle was later reclaimed by gay men, as well as some lesbians, in various political movements as a symbol of personal pride and remembrance.^[25]^[26] AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT-UP) adopted the downward-pointing pink triangle to symbolize the "active fight back" against HIV/AIDS "rather than a passive resignation to fate."^[27]

The pink triangle was used exclusively with male prisoners, as lesbians were not included under Paragraph 175, a statute which made homosexual acts between males a crime. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) stipulates that this was because women were seen as subordinate to men, and the Nazi state did not feel that homosexual women presented the same threat to masculinity as homosexual men. According to USHMM, many women were arrested and imprisoned for "asocial" behavior, a classification applied to those who did not conform to the Nazi ideal of a woman's role: cooking, cleaning, kitchen work, child raising, and passivity. Asocial women were tagged with an downward-pointing black triangle.^[28] Many lesbians reclaimed this symbol for themselves as gay men reclaimed the pink triangle.^[26]

Pink Triangle	Black Triangle	Pink & Yellow Triangles

The downward-pointing pink triangle used to identify homosexual men in the concentration camps.	The downward-pointing black triangle used to mark individuals considered "asocial". The category included homosexual women, nonconformists, sex workers, nomads, Romani, and others.	The downward-pointing pink triangle overlapping a yellow triangle was used to single out male homosexual prisoners who were Jewish.

Other symbols

Symbols of the LGBT community have been used to represent members' unity, pride, shared values, and allegiance to one another.

Ace ring

A black ring (also known as an ace ring) worn on the middle finger of one's right hand is a way asexual people signify their asexuality. The ring is deliberately worn in a similar manner as one would a wedding ring to symbolize marriage. Use of the symbol began in 2005.^[29]^[30]

Ace cards

Due to the phonetic shortening from asexual to ace, ace playing cards are sometimes used to represent asexuality. The ace of hearts and ace of spades are used to symbolize romantic asexuality and aromantic asexuality respectively.^[31] Likewise, the ace of clubs is used to symbolize gray asexuality and gray aromantics, and the ace of diamonds is used to symbolize demi-romantics and demisexuals.^[32]

Blue feather

In the Society for Creative Anachronism, LGBT members often wear a dark blue feather to indicate an affiliation with Clan Blue Feather, a group of SCA members promoting the study of LGBT culture and people in the Middle Ages.^[33] Because of this affiliation, blue feathers have also been used at some Renaissance Faires and Pagan events.

Freedom rings

Freedom rings, designed by David Spada and released in 1991, are six aluminum rings, each in one of the colors of the rainbow flag. Symbolizing happiness and diversity, these rings are worn by themselves or as part of necklaces, bracelets, and key chains.^[34] They are sometimes referred to as "Fruit Loops".^[35]

Handkerchief code

Handkerchiefs worn in back pockets communicate sexual interests

In some New York City gay circles of the early 20th century, gay men wore a red necktie or bow tie as a subtle signal.^[36] In the 1970s, the handkerchief (or hanky) code emerged in the form of bandanas, worn in back pockets, in colors that signaled sexual interests, fetishes, and if the wearer was a "top" or "bottom".^[37]^[38]

High five

There are many origin stories of the high five,^[39] but the two most documented candidates are Dusty Baker and Glenn Burke of the Los Angeles Dodgers professional baseball team on October 2, 1977, and Wiley Brown and Derek Smith of the Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team during the 1978–1979 season.^[40]^[41] In any case, after retiring from baseball, Burke, who was one of the first openly gay professional athletes, used the high five with other gay residents of the Castro district of San Francisco, where for many it became a symbol of gay pride and identification.^[40]

Purple hand

On October 31, 1969, sixty members of the Gay Liberation Front, the Committee for Homosexual Freedom (CHF), and the Gay Guerilla Theatre group staged a protest outside the offices of the San Francisco Examiner in response to a series of news articles disparaging people in San Francisco's gay bars and clubs.^[42]^[43]^[44]^[45] The peaceful protest against the Examiner turned tumultuous and was later called "Friday of the Purple Hand" and "Bloody Friday of the Purple Hand".^[45]^[46]^[47]^[48]^[49]^[50] Examiner employees "dumped a barrel of printers' ink on the crowd from the roof of the newspaper building", according to glbtq.com.^[51] Some reports state that it was a barrel of ink poured from the roof of the building.^[52] The protestors "used the ink to scrawl slogans on the building walls" and slap purple hand prints "throughout downtown [San Francisco]" resulting in "one of the most visible demonstrations of gay power" according to the Bay Area Reporter.^[45]^[47]^[50] According to Larry LittleJohn, then president of Society for Individual Rights, "At that point, the tactical squad arrived – not to get the employees who dumped the ink, but to arrest the demonstrators. Somebody could have been hurt if that ink had gotten into their eyes, but the police were knocking people to the ground."^[45] The accounts of police brutality include women being thrown to the ground and protesters' teeth being knocked out.^[45]^[53] Inspired by Black Hand extortion methods of Camorra gangsters and the Mafia,^[54] some gay and lesbian activists attempted to institute "purple hand" as a warning to stop anti-gay attacks, but with little success.^{[citation needed]} In Turkey, the LGBT rights organization MorEl Eskişehir LGBTT Oluşumu (Purple Hand Eskişehir LGBT Formation), also bears the name of this symbol.^[55]

White Knot

The White Knot is a symbol of support for same-sex marriage in the United States. The White Knot combines two symbols of marriage, the color white and "tying the knot" to represent support for same-sex marriage.^[56] The White Knot has been worn publicly by many celebrities as a means of demonstrating solidarity with that cause.^[57]^[58]^[59]^[60]^[61]^[62]^[63]

The White Knot was created by Frank Voci in November 2008, in response to the passage of Proposition 8 in California and bans on same-sex marriage and denial of other civil rights for LGBT persons across the nation.^[64]

Flags

A pride flag is any flag that represents a segment or part of the LGBT community. Pride in this case refers to the notion of LGBT pride. The terms LGBT flag and queer flag are often used interchangeably.^[65]

Pride flags can represent various sexual orientations, romantic orientations, gender identities, subcultures, and regional purposes, as well as the LGBT community as a whole. There are also some pride flags that are not exclusively related to LGBT matters, such as the flag for leather subculture. The rainbow flag, which represents the entire LGBT community, is the most widely used pride flag.

Numerous communities have embraced distinct flags, with a majority drawing inspiration from the rainbow flag. These flags are often created by amateur designers and later gain traction online or within affiliated organizations, ultimately attaining a semi-official status as a symbolic representation of the community. Typically, these flags incorporate a range of colors that symbolize different aspects of the associated communities.

Gallery

Symbols

Biangles
(represents Bisexuality)
Double moon
(represents Bisexuality)^[66]
Double female symbol
(represents Lesbian women)^[2]
Double male symbol
(represents Gay men)
Interlocking gender symbols
Labrys
(represents Lesbian feminism)^[2]^[67]^[68]
Lambda
(represents Gay Liberation)
Pansexual symbol
Transgender symbol
Trans feminist symbol
Transgender symbol denoting gender-neutral restroom

Flags

These flags represent various sexual orientations, romantic orientations, gender identities, subcultures, and regional purposes.

LGBT
Agender^[69]
Aromantic^[70]
Asexual
Bigender^[71]^[72]
Bisexual
Demisexual^[73]
Gay^[74]
Genderfluid^[69]
Genderqueer^[69]
Intersex
Labrys lesbian flag
(1999)^[75]
Lesbian
(creation year unknown)
Lesbian
(2018)
Lesbian
(2018, five stripe variant)
Non-binary
Pansexual
Polysexual^[76]
Transgender

Subculture flags

Location-based flags

Philadelphia, United States
People of color pride flag^[78]
South Africa
Gay pride flag of South Africa^[79]

References

^ Melissa (May 8, 2015). "The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols". Today I Found Out. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Zimmerman, Bonnie, ed. (2000). "Symbols (by Christy Stevens)". Lesbian Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 (Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures) (1st ed.). Garland Publishing. p. 748. ISBN 0-8153-1920-7.
^ ^a ^b "Symbols of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Movements". lambda.org. LAMBDA GLBT Community Services. December 26, 2004. Archived from the original on December 30, 2005. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
^ "Transgender Symbol". GenderTalk. July 1994.
^ "History of Transgender Symbolism". International Transgender Historical Society (ITHS). 2015.
^ ^a ^b Rapp, Linda (2004). "Gay Activists Alliance" (PDF). glbtq.com.
^ "1969, The Year of Gay Liberation". The New York Public Library. June 2009. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
^ Goodwin, Joseph P. (1989). "It Takes One to Know One". More Man Than You'll Ever Be: Gay Folklore and Acculturation in Middle America. Indiana University Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0253338938.
^ Rapp, Linda (2003). "Symbols" (PDF). glbtq.com.
^ Haggerty, George E., ed. (2000). Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia (Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures, Volume II) (1 ed.). London: Garland Publishing. p. 529. ISBN 0-8153-1880-4. OCLC Number: 750790369
^ Stetz, Margaret D. (Winter 2000). Oscar Wilde at the Movies: British Sexual Politics and The Green Carnation (1960); Biography – Volume 23, Number 1, Winter 2000, pp. 90–107. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
^ Curiosities of Literature by John Sutherland (2011, ISBN 1-61608-074-4), pp. 73-76.
^ Gray, Arielle (June 3, 2019). "How A Lavender Rhino Became A Symbol Of Gay Resistance In '70s Boston". WBUR-FM. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
^ Herrero-Brasas, Juan A. (2010). Walt Whitman's Mystical Ethics of Comradeship: Homosexuality and the Marginality of Friendship at the Crossroads of Modernity. SUNY. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-4384-3011-9.
^ Fisher, Alice (2017-10-15). "Why the unicorn has become the emblem for our times | Alice Fisher". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
^ "Gay Symbols Through the Ages". The Alyson Almanac: A Treasury of Information for the Gay and Lesbian Community. Boston, Massachusetts: Alyson Publications. 1989. p. 100. ISBN 0-932870-19-8.
^ Myers, JoAnne (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage (1st ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. p. 242. ISBN 978-0810845060. LCCN 2002156624.
^ Horak, Laura (2016). "Lesbians Take Center Stage: The Captive (1926-1928)". Girls Will Be Boys: Cross-Dressed Women, Lesbians, and American Cinema, 1908-1934. Rutgers University Press. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-0-8135-7483-7.
^ Collecott, Diana (1999). H.D. and Sapphic Modernism 1910-1950 (1st ed.). Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 216. ISBN 0-521-55078-5.
^ Fantham, Elaine; Foley, Helene Peet; Kampen, Natalie Boymel; Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Shapiro, H. A. (1994). Women in the Classical World: Image and Text (1st ed.). New York, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-19-506727-9.
^ Cohen-Stratyner, Barbara (January 14, 2014). "Violets and Vandamm". New York Public Library. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
^ Sova, Dawn B. (2004). "The Captive". Banned Plays: Censorship Histories of 125 Stage Dramas (1st ed.). New York, New York: Facts On File. pp. 37–40. ISBN 0-8160-4018-4.
^ Plant, Richard (1988). The pink triangle: the Nazi war against homosexuals (revised ed.). H. Holt. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-8050-0600-1.
^ "Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals 1933-1945". Ushmm.org. Archived from the original on 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
^ Stier, Oren Baruch (2015). Holocaust Icons: Symbolizing the Shoah in History and Memory. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813574059.
^ ^a ^b Elman, R. Amy. "Triangles and Tribulations: The Politics of Nazi Symbols". Remember.org. Retrieved December 10, 2016. (Originally published in the Journal of Homosexuality, 1996, 30 (3): pp.1–11, doi:10.1300/J082v30n03_01, ISSN 0091-8369)
^ Cage, Ken; Evans, Moyra (2003-01-01). Gayle: The Language of Kinks and Queens : a History and Dictionary of Gay Language in South Africa. Jacana Media. ISBN 9781919931494.
^ "Lesbians and the Third Reich". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
^ Chasin, CJ DeLuzio (2013). "Reconsidering Asexuality and Its Radical Potential" (PDF). Feminist Studies. 39 (2): 405–426. ISSN 0046-3663.
^ Besanvalle, James (31 July 2018). "Here's a handy way to tell if someone you meet is asexual". Gay Star News. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
^ Julie Sondra Decker (2015). The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781510700642. Retrieved 21 January 2020.^{[page needed]}
^ "Introduction to Asexual Identities & Resource Guide". campuspride.org. July 28, 2014. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
^ "Clan Blue Feather". Bluefeather.org. Retrieved 2018-06-28.
^ Van Gelder, Lindsy (1992-06-21). "Thing; Freedom Rings". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-07-21.
^ Green, Jonathon (2006). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 0-304-36636-6. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
^ Chauncey, George (1994). Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-465-02633-3.
^ "Do You Know the Hanky Code?". Gay Desert Guide. May 22, 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
^ Kacala, Alexander (April 25, 2019). "The Handkerchief Code, According to 'Bob Damron's Address Book' in 1980". The Saint Foundation. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
^ Brigham, Bob (June 17, 2003). "The Man Who Invented the High-Five". SB Nation. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
^ ^a ^b Mooallem, Jon (May 22, 2020). "The wild, mysterious history of sports' most enduring gesture: the high five". ESPN. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
^ Garcia, Michelle (April 19, 2018). "The Gay History of the High Five". The Advocate. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
^ Teal, Donn (1971). The Gay Militants: How Gay Liberation Began in America, 1969-1971. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 52–58. ISBN 0312112793.
^ Gould, Robert E. (24 February 1974). "What We Don't Know About Homosexuality". New York Times Magazine. ISBN 9780231084376. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
^ Laurence, Leo E. (October 31 – November 6, 1969). "Gays Penetrate Examiner". Berkeley Tribe. Vol. 1, no. 17. p. 4. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Alwood, Edward (1996). Straight News: Gays, Lesbians, and the News Media. Columbia University Press. p. 94. ISBN 0-231-08436-6. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
^ Bell, Arthur (28 March 1974). "Has The Gay Movement Gone Establishment?". The Village Voice. ISBN 9780231084376. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
^ ^a ^b Van Buskirk, Jim (March 20, 2006). "Gay Media Comes of Age". Bay Area Reporter. Vol. 36. p. 13.
^ Stryker, Susan; Buskirk, Jim Van (November 15–30, 1969). "Friday of the Purple Hand". San Francisco Free Press. ISBN 9780811811873. Retrieved January 1, 2008. (courtesy: the Gay Lesbian Historical Society.
^ Martin, Del (December 1969). "The Police Beat: Crime in the Streets" (PDF). Vector (San Francisco). 5 (12): 9. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
^ ^a ^b ""Gay Power" Politics". GLBTQ, Inc. 30 March 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2008.^{[dead link]}
^ Stryker, Susan (2004). "San Francisco". glbtq.com. p. 2. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
^ Montanarelli, Lisa; Harrison, =Ann (2005). Strange But True San Francisco: Tales of the City by the Bay. Globe Pequot. ISBN 0-7627-3681-X. Retrieved January 1, 2008.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
^ Alwood, Edward (24 April 1974). "Newspaper Series Surprises Activists". The Advocate. ISBN 9780231084376. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
^ Nash, Jay Robert (1993). World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80535-9.
^ "MorEl Eskişehir LGBTT Oluşumu". Moreleskisehir.blogspot.com. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
^ "Lapel watch: White ribbon for equality? Knot, really". latimesblogs.latimes.com. 26 February 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
^ Jere Hester (16 July 2009). "White Knot? Why Not?". nbcnewyork.com. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
^ Brooks Barnes (26 November 2008). "Another Cause, Another Ribbon". thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
^ Marc Malkin (7 February 2009). "Foo Fighters' Dave Grohl: White Knot for Gay Marriage". EOnline. Archived from the original on 9 February 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
^ Nikki Finke (24 February 2009). "White Knot Oscars And Spirit Awards Lists". Deadline. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
^ Adam Markovitz (10 February 2009). "Oscar fashion preview: White knots on the red carpet?". popwatch.ew.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
^ Rhiza Dizon (20 February 2009). "Expect White Knots on Oscar's Red Carpet". Advocate. Archived from the original on 15 March 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
^ Andy Towle (19 November 2008). "Is the White Knot the New Red Ribbon?". Towleroad. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
^ "About White Knot". WhiteKnot. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ Sobel, Ariel (June 13, 2018). "The Complete Guide to Queer Pride Flags". The Advocate. Archived from the original on February 9, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
^ Koymasky, Matt; Koymasky Andrej (14 August 2006). "Gay Symbols: Other Miscellaneous Symbols". Retrieved 18 February 2007.
^ Cite error: The named reference Pea was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Myers, JoAnne (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage (1st ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0810845060. LCCN 2002156624.
^ ^a ^b ^c Alatalo, Rachel (August 7, 2017). "Flags of the LGBTIQ Community". OutRight Action International.
^ "Aromantic Flag". Majestic Mess. November 2018.
^ Becher), diverent2 (Maxi. "Bigender Pride Flag | Prideflags.info". prideflags.info. Retrieved 2021-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ "Bigender Flag – What Does It Represent?". Symbol Sage. 2020-08-26. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
^ "What is Demisexuality?". Demisexuality Resource Center. 2015. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
^ "LGBTQ+ Pride Flags and What They Stand For". Volvo Group. 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
^ Cite error: The named reference Bendix was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Pride Flags". TriPrideTN. August 24, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Rawles was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Owens, Ernest (June 8, 2017). "Philly's Pride Flag to Get Two New Stripes: Black and Brown". Philadelphia. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
^ Grange, Helen (31 January 2011). "Coming out is risky business". Independent Online. Retrieved 4 July 2019.

External links

LGBTQIA+ Flags and Symbols shows images of some of these symbols and offers a brief historical account of each.

[1] Melissa (May 8, 2015). "The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols". Today I Found Out. Retrieved 22 August 2018.

[Zimmerman-symbols-2] Zimmerman, Bonnie, ed. (2000). "Symbols (by Christy Stevens)". Lesbian Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 (Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures) (1st ed.). Garland Publishing. p. 748. ISBN 0-8153-1920-7.

[lambdasymbols-3] "Symbols of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Movements". lambda.org. LAMBDA GLBT Community Services. December 26, 2004. Archived from the original on December 30, 2005. Retrieved 22 August 2018.

[4] "Transgender Symbol". GenderTalk. July 1994.

[5] "History of Transgender Symbolism". International Transgender Historical Society (ITHS). 2015.

[Rapp_alliance-6] Rapp, Linda (2004). "Gay Activists Alliance" (PDF). glbtq.com.

[7] "1969, The Year of Gay Liberation". The New York Public Library. June 2009. Retrieved 17 November 2018.

[8] Goodwin, Joseph P. (1989). "It Takes One to Know One". More Man Than You'll Ever Be: Gay Folklore and Acculturation in Middle America. Indiana University Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0253338938.

[Rapp_symbols-9] Rapp, Linda (2003). "Symbols" (PDF). glbtq.com.

[10] Haggerty, George E., ed. (2000). Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia (Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures, Volume II) (1 ed.). London: Garland Publishing. p. 529. ISBN 0-8153-1880-4. OCLC Number: 750790369

[11] Stetz, Margaret D. (Winter 2000). Oscar Wilde at the Movies: British Sexual Politics and The Green Carnation (1960); Biography – Volume 23, Number 1, Winter 2000, pp. 90–107. Retrieved 14 June 2010.

[12] Curiosities of Literature by John Sutherland (2011, ISBN 1-61608-074-4), pp. 73-76.

[13] Gray, Arielle (June 3, 2019). "How A Lavender Rhino Became A Symbol Of Gay Resistance In '70s Boston". WBUR-FM. Retrieved December 5, 2019.

[14] Herrero-Brasas, Juan A. (2010). Walt Whitman's Mystical Ethics of Comradeship: Homosexuality and the Marginality of Friendship at the Crossroads of Modernity. SUNY. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-4384-3011-9.

[15] Fisher, Alice (2017-10-15). "Why the unicorn has become the emblem for our times | Alice Fisher". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-08-19.

[Alyson-16] "Gay Symbols Through the Ages". The Alyson Almanac: A Treasury of Information for the Gay and Lesbian Community. Boston, Massachusetts: Alyson Publications. 1989. p. 100. ISBN 0-932870-19-8.

[Myers-242-17] Myers, JoAnne (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage (1st ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. p. 242. ISBN 978-0810845060. LCCN 2002156624.

[Horak-18] Horak, Laura (2016). "Lesbians Take Center Stage: The Captive (1926-1928)". Girls Will Be Boys: Cross-Dressed Women, Lesbians, and American Cinema, 1908-1934. Rutgers University Press. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-0-8135-7483-7.

[19] Collecott, Diana (1999). H.D. and Sapphic Modernism 1910-1950 (1st ed.). Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 216. ISBN 0-521-55078-5.

[20] Fantham, Elaine; Foley, Helene Peet; Kampen, Natalie Boymel; Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Shapiro, H. A. (1994). Women in the Classical World: Image and Text (1st ed.). New York, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-19-506727-9.

[21] Cohen-Stratyner, Barbara (January 14, 2014). "Violets and Vandamm". New York Public Library. Retrieved 4 October 2018.

[22] Sova, Dawn B. (2004). "The Captive". Banned Plays: Censorship Histories of 125 Stage Dramas (1st ed.). New York, New York: Facts On File. pp. 37–40. ISBN 0-8160-4018-4.

[Plant1988-23] Plant, Richard (1988). The pink triangle: the Nazi war against homosexuals (revised ed.). H. Holt. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-8050-0600-1.

[24] "Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals 1933-1945". Ushmm.org. Archived from the original on 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2012-01-23.

[25] Stier, Oren Baruch (2015). Holocaust Icons: Symbolizing the Shoah in History and Memory. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813574059.

[Elman-26] Elman, R. Amy. "Triangles and Tribulations: The Politics of Nazi Symbols". Remember.org. Retrieved December 10, 2016. (Originally published in the Journal of Homosexuality, 1996, 30 (3): pp.1–11, doi:10.1300/J082v30n03_01, ISSN 0091-8369)

[27] Cage, Ken; Evans, Moyra (2003-01-01). Gayle: The Language of Kinks and Queens : a History and Dictionary of Gay Language in South Africa. Jacana Media. ISBN 9781919931494.

[USHMM1-28] "Lesbians and the Third Reich". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 16 January 2015.

[29] Chasin, CJ DeLuzio (2013). "Reconsidering Asexuality and Its Radical Potential" (PDF). Feminist Studies. 39 (2): 405–426. ISSN 0046-3663.

[30] Besanvalle, James (31 July 2018). "Here's a handy way to tell if someone you meet is asexual". Gay Star News. Retrieved 18 February 2019.

[AceSuits-31] Julie Sondra Decker (2015). The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781510700642. Retrieved 21 January 2020.^{[page needed]}

[Pride-32] "Introduction to Asexual Identities & Resource Guide". campuspride.org. July 28, 2014. Retrieved 2020-10-03.

[33] "Clan Blue Feather". Bluefeather.org. Retrieved 2018-06-28.

[nytimesrings-34] Van Gelder, Lindsy (1992-06-21). "Thing; Freedom Rings". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-07-21.

[Cassell's_Dictionary_of_Slang-35] Green, Jonathon (2006). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 0-304-36636-6. Retrieved 2007-11-15.

[36] Chauncey, George (1994). Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-465-02633-3.

[37] "Do You Know the Hanky Code?". Gay Desert Guide. May 22, 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2020.

[38] Kacala, Alexander (April 25, 2019). "The Handkerchief Code, According to 'Bob Damron's Address Book' in 1980". The Saint Foundation. Retrieved 30 April 2020.

[39] Brigham, Bob (June 17, 2003). "The Man Who Invented the High-Five". SB Nation. Retrieved July 25, 2014.

[mooallem-40] Mooallem, Jon (May 22, 2020). "The wild, mysterious history of sports' most enduring gesture: the high five". ESPN. Retrieved April 2, 2021.

[41] Garcia, Michelle (April 19, 2018). "The Gay History of the High Five". The Advocate. Retrieved March 6, 2017.

[42] Teal, Donn (1971). The Gay Militants: How Gay Liberation Began in America, 1969-1971. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 52–58. ISBN 0312112793.

[Gould_book-43] Gould, Robert E. (24 February 1974). "What We Don't Know About Homosexuality". New York Times Magazine. ISBN 9780231084376. Retrieved January 1, 2008.

[44] Laurence, Leo E. (October 31 – November 6, 1969). "Gays Penetrate Examiner". Berkeley Tribe. Vol. 1, no. 17. p. 4. Retrieved 7 August 2019.

[Alwood_1996-45] Alwood, Edward (1996). Straight News: Gays, Lesbians, and the News Media. Columbia University Press. p. 94. ISBN 0-231-08436-6. Retrieved January 1, 2008.

[BellVV-46] Bell, Arthur (28 March 1974). "Has The Gay Movement Gone Establishment?". The Village Voice. ISBN 9780231084376. Retrieved January 1, 2008.

[Van_Buskirk-47] Van Buskirk, Jim (March 20, 2006). "Gay Media Comes of Age". Bay Area Reporter. Vol. 36. p. 13.

[Friday-48] Stryker, Susan; Buskirk, Jim Van (November 15–30, 1969). "Friday of the Purple Hand". San Francisco Free Press. ISBN 9780811811873. Retrieved January 1, 2008. (courtesy: the Gay Lesbian Historical Society.

[DelMartin-49] Martin, Del (December 1969). "The Police Beat: Crime in the Streets" (PDF). Vector (San Francisco). 5 (12): 9. Retrieved 1 June 2019.

[GayPower-50] ""Gay Power" Politics". GLBTQ, Inc. 30 March 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2008.^{[dead link]}

[StrykerSF-51] Stryker, Susan (2004). "San Francisco". glbtq.com. p. 2. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2015.

[Montanarelli-52] Montanarelli, Lisa; Harrison, =Ann (2005). Strange But True San Francisco: Tales of the City by the Bay. Globe Pequot. ISBN 0-7627-3681-X. Retrieved January 1, 2008.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)

[NewspaperSeries-53] Alwood, Edward (24 April 1974). "Newspaper Series Surprises Activists". The Advocate. ISBN 9780231084376. Retrieved January 1, 2008.

[Nash-54] Nash, Jay Robert (1993). World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80535-9.

[55] "MorEl Eskişehir LGBTT Oluşumu". Moreleskisehir.blogspot.com. Retrieved January 23, 2012.

[latimesBlogs-56] "Lapel watch: White ribbon for equality? Knot, really". latimesblogs.latimes.com. 26 February 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2019.

[57] Jere Hester (16 July 2009). "White Knot? Why Not?". nbcnewyork.com. Retrieved 25 May 2019.

[58] Brooks Barnes (26 November 2008). "Another Cause, Another Ribbon". thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 31 May 2019.

[59] Marc Malkin (7 February 2009). "Foo Fighters' Dave Grohl: White Knot for Gay Marriage". EOnline. Archived from the original on 9 February 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2019.

[60] Nikki Finke (24 February 2009). "White Knot Oscars And Spirit Awards Lists". Deadline. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.

[61] Adam Markovitz (10 February 2009). "Oscar fashion preview: White knots on the red carpet?". popwatch.ew.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2019.

[62] Rhiza Dizon (20 February 2009). "Expect White Knots on Oscar's Red Carpet". Advocate. Archived from the original on 15 March 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2019.

[63] Andy Towle (19 November 2008). "Is the White Knot the New Red Ribbon?". Towleroad. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.

[64] "About White Knot". WhiteKnot. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[65] Sobel, Ariel (June 13, 2018). "The Complete Guide to Queer Pride Flags". The Advocate. Archived from the original on February 9, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2019.

[symbol-66] Koymasky, Matt; Koymasky Andrej (14 August 2006). "Gay Symbols: Other Miscellaneous Symbols". Retrieved 18 February 2007.

[Pea-67] Cite error: The named reference Pea was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Myers-205-68] Myers, JoAnne (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage (1st ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0810845060. LCCN 2002156624.

[Alatalo-69] Alatalo, Rachel (August 7, 2017). "Flags of the LGBTIQ Community". OutRight Action International.

[MajesticAromantic-70] "Aromantic Flag". Majestic Mess. November 2018.

[71] Becher), diverent2 (Maxi. "Bigender Pride Flag | Prideflags.info". prideflags.info. Retrieved 2021-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[72] "Bigender Flag – What Does It Represent?". Symbol Sage. 2020-08-26. Retrieved 2021-05-28.

[73] "What is Demisexuality?". Demisexuality Resource Center. 2015. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2019.

[74] "LGBTQ+ Pride Flags and What They Stand For". Volvo Group. 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.

[Bendix-75] Cite error: The named reference Bendix was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[TriPrideTN-76] "Pride Flags". TriPrideTN. August 24, 2018.

[Rawles-77] Cite error: The named reference Rawles was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Philadelphia-78] Owens, Ernest (June 8, 2017). "Philly's Pride Flag to Get Two New Stripes: Black and Brown". Philadelphia. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

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LGBT symbols: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 22:56, 26 September 2021

Contents

Letters and glyphs

Gender symbols

Lambda

Plants and animals

Green carnation

Lavender rhinoceros

Sweet flag

Unicorns

Violets

Triangle badges of the Third Reich

Other symbols

Ace ring

Ace cards

Blue feather

Freedom rings

Handkerchief code

High five

Purple hand

White Knot

Flags

Gallery

Symbols

Flags

Subculture flags

Location-based flags

See also

References

External links

Navigation menu

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 Over the course of its history, the [[LGBT community]] has adopted certain [[symbol]]s for [[Identity (social science)|self-identification]] to demonstrate unity, [[gay pride|pride]], shared values, and allegiance to one another. These symbols communicate ideas, concepts, and identity both within their communities and to mainstream culture. The two symbols most recognized internationally are the [[pink triangle]] and the [[rainbow flag (LGBT)|rainbow flag]].
+==Letters and glyphs==
-==Symbols==
-<!--[[NOTE to Editors: when writing about pre-1980s events and history, please keep in mind that the community was referred to as "Gay"; when writing about pre-1990s, it was referred to as Lesbian and Gay (or vice-versa). "LGBT" did not exist before the 1990s.-->
+=== Gender symbols ===
-Symbols of the LGBT community have been used to represent members' unity, pride, shared values, and allegiance to one another.
-===Ace ring===
-[[File:Asexual ring.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Ace ring]]
-A black ring (also known as an ace ring) worn on the middle finger of one's right hand is a way [[Asexuality|asexual]] people signify their asexuality. The ring is deliberately worn in a similar manner as one would a [[wedding ring]] to symbolize marriage. Use of the symbol began in 2005.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Chasin | first1=CJ DeLuzio | title=Reconsidering Asexuality and Its Radical Potential | url=http://chasin.ca/cj/Chasin_Reconsidering.Asexuality_FS.Vol39.2_2013.pdf | journal=[[Feminist Studies]] | year=2013 | volume=39 | issue=2| pages=405–426 | issn=0046-3663}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Besanvalle |first1=James |title=Here's a handy way to tell if someone you meet is asexual |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/handy-way-tell-someone-asexual-ace-ring/#gs.gbPp1y3w |website=[[Gay Star News]] |date=31 July 2018 |access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref>
-===Ace cards===
-Due to the phonetic shortening from asexual to ace, [[ace]] [[playing card]]s are sometimes used to represent asexuality. The [[ace of hearts]] and [[ace of spades]] are used to symbolize [[romantic orientation|romantic]] asexuality and aromantic asexuality respectively.<ref name="AceSuits">{{cite book |author1=Julie Sondra Decker |title=The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality |date=2015 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9781510700642 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vTSCDwAAQBAJ&q=ace+of+hearts |access-date=21 January 2020}}{{page number needed|date=April 2019}}</ref> Likewise, the ace of clubs is used to symbolize [[gray asexuality]] and gray-aromantics, and the ace of diamonds is used to symbolize demi-romantics and [[gray asexuality#Demisexuality|demisexuals]].<ref name="Pride">{{cite web|url=https://www.campuspride.org/resources/introduction-to-asexual-identities-resource-guide/ |title= Introduction to Asexual Identities & Resource Guide |publisher=campuspride.org |date= July 28, 2014 |access-date=2020-10-03}}</ref>
-===Blue feather===
-In the [[Society for Creative Anachronism]], LGBT members often wear a dark blue feather to indicate an affiliation with [[Clan Blue Feather]], a group of SCA members promoting the study of LGBT culture and people in the Middle Ages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bluefeather.org |title=Clan Blue Feather |publisher=Bluefeather.org |access-date=2018-06-28}}</ref> Because of this affiliation, blue feathers have also been used at some [[Renaissance fair|Renaissance Faires]] and [[Pagan]] events.
-===Calamus plant===
-[[File:AcorusCalamus2.jpg|thumb|right|100px|''[[Acorus calamus]]'']]
-According to some interpretations, American poet [[Walt Whitman]] used the [[Acorus calamus|sweet flag]] plant to represent homoerotic love.<ref>{{cite book|last=Herrero-Brasas|first= Juan A.|title=Walt Whitman's Mystical Ethics of Comradeship: Homosexuality and the Marginality of Friendship at the Crossroads of Modernity|year=2010|publisher=SUNY|isbn=978-1-4384-3011-9|page=46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ca4FuDfH-cMC&pg=PA46}}</ref>
-===Double-gender===
 {{details|topic=sex and gender symbols|Gender symbol#Sociology}}
-[[File:Westerkerk - Gay symbols 2.jpg|thumb|left|130px|Lesbian and gay interlocked gender sex symbols]]
-Interlocked [[gender symbol]]s. Each gender symbol derives from the [[Astronomical symbols|astronomical symbol]] for the planet [[Venus]] and [[Mars]]. In modern science, the singular symbol for Venus is used to represent the [[Female|female sex]], and singular symbol for Mars is used to represent the [[Male|male sex]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Melissa|title=The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols|url=http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2015/05/origin-male-female-symbols/#_edn1|website=Today I Found Out|date=May 8, 2015|access-date=22 August 2018}}</ref> Two interlocking female symbols <big>(⚢)</big> represent a lesbian or the lesbian community, and two interlocking male symbols <big>(⚣)</big> a gay male or the gay male community.<ref name="Zimmerman-symbols">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofle00bzim/page/748|title=Lesbian Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia|date=2000|publisher=[[Garland Publishing]]|isbn=0-8153-1920-7|editor1-last=Zimmerman|editor1-first=Bonnie|editor1-link=Bonnie Zimmerman|edition=1st|volume=1 (Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures)|page=748|chapter=Symbols (by Christy Stevens)|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofle00bzim/page/748|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="lambdasymbols" />
+The female and male [[Gender symbol|gender symbols]] are derived from the [[astronomical symbols]] for the planets [[Venus]] and [[Mars]] respectively. In modern science, the singular symbol for Venus is used to represent the [[Female|female sex]], and singular symbol for Mars is used to represent the [[Male|male sex]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Melissa|date=May 8, 2015|title=The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols|url=http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2015/05/origin-male-female-symbols/#_edn1|access-date=22 August 2018|website=Today I Found Out}}</ref> [[File:Westerkerk - Gay symbols 2.jpg|thumb|130px|Lesbian and gay interlocked gender sex symbols]]Two interlocking female symbols <big>(⚢)</big> represent a lesbian or the lesbian community, and two interlocking male symbols <big>(⚣)</big> a gay male or the gay male community.<ref name="Zimmerman-symbols">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofle00bzim/page/748|title=Lesbian Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia|date=2000|publisher=[[Garland Publishing]]|isbn=0-8153-1920-7|editor1-last=Zimmerman|editor1-first=Bonnie|editor1-link=Bonnie Zimmerman|edition=1st|volume=1 (Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures)|page=748|chapter=Symbols (by Christy Stevens)|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofle00bzim/page/748|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="lambdasymbols">{{cite web|date=December 26, 2004|title=Symbols of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Movements|url=http://www.lambda.org/symbols.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230095156/http://www.lambda.org/symbols.htm|archive-date=December 30, 2005|access-date=22 August 2018|website=lambda.org|publisher=LAMBDA GLBT Community Services}}</ref> These symbols first appeared in the 1970s.<ref name="lambdasymbols" />
+The symbols for the female (♀) and male (♂), combined around a circle (⚧) is used to represent transgender people.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 1994|title=Transgender Symbol|url=https://www.gendertalk.com/tg-symbol/|website=GenderTalk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2015|title=History of Transgender Symbolism|url=http://transgendersociety.yolasite.com/history-of-transgender-symbolism.php|website=International Transgender Historical Society (ITHS)}}</ref>
-The symbols first appeared in the 1970s.<ref name="lambdasymbols">{{cite web|title=Symbols of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Movements|url=http://www.lambda.org/symbols.htm |website=lambda.org|publisher=LAMBDA GLBT Community Services|date=December 26, 2004|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230095156/http://www.lambda.org/symbols.htm|archive-date=December 30, 2005}}</ref>
-===Freedom rings===
+===Lambda===
+In 1970, graphic designer [[Tom Doerr]] selected the lower-case Greek letter [[Lambda#Lower-case letter λ|lambda]] (λ) to be the symbol of the New York chapter of the [[Gay Activists Alliance]].<ref name="Rapp_alliance">{{cite web|last=Rapp|first=Linda|year=2004|title=Gay Activists Alliance|url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/gay_activists_alliance_S.pdf|website=[[glbtq.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=June 2009|title=1969, The Year of Gay Liberation|url=http://web-static.nypl.org/exhibitions/1969/ref/1696848.html|access-date=17 November 2018|website=[[The New York Public Library]]}}</ref> The alliance's literature states that Doerr chose the symbol specifically for its denotative meaning in the context of chemistry and [[Lambda transition|physics]]: "a complete exchange of energy–that moment or span of time witness to absolute activity".<ref name="Rapp_alliance" />
-Freedom rings, designed by [[David Spada]], are six aluminum rings, each in one of the colors of the rainbow flag. They were released in 1991. Symbolizing happiness and diversity, these rings are worn by themselves or as part of necklaces, bracelets, and key chains.<ref name="nytimesrings">{{cite news | last = Van Gelder| first = Lindsy| title = Thing; Freedom Rings| newspaper = New York Times| date = 1992-06-21| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/21/style/thing-freedom-rings.html| access-date= 2010-07-21}}</ref>
+The lambda became associated with [[Gay Liberation]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Goodwin|first1=Joseph P.|url=https://archive.org/details/moremanthanyoull00good|title=More Man Than You'll Ever Be: Gay Folklore and Acculturation in Middle America|date=1989|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|isbn=978-0253338938|page=[https://archive.org/details/moremanthanyoull00good/page/26 26]|chapter=It Takes One to Know One|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Rapp_symbols">{{cite web|last1=Rapp|first1=Linda|date=2003|title=Symbols|url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/arts/symbols_A.pdf|website=[[glbtq.com]]}}</ref> and in December 1974, it was officially declared the international symbol for gay and lesbian rights by the International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofga00ghag/page/529|title=Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia (Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures, Volume II)|date=2000|publisher=[[Garland Publishing]]|isbn=0-8153-1880-4|editor1-last=Haggerty|editor1-first=George E.|edition=1|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofga00ghag/page/529 529]|quote=[[WorldCat|OCLC]] Number: 750790369}}</ref> The gay rights organization [[Lambda Legal]] and the American [[Lambda Literary Foundation]] derive their names from this symbol.
-They are sometimes referred to as "Fruit Loops".<ref name="Cassell's Dictionary of Slang">{{cite book|last=Green|first=Jonathon|title=Cassell's Dictionary of Slang|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|date=2006|isbn=0-304-36636-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my_ut0maeV4C&pg=PA549|access-date=2007-11-15}}</ref>
+==Plants and animals==
-===Handkerchief code===
+{{See also|Language of flowers}}
-{{Main|Handkerchief code}}
-In some New York City gay circles of the early 20th century, gay men wore a red necktie or bow tie as a subtle signal.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chauncey|first1=George|title=[[Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940]]|date=1994|page=52|publisher=[[Basic Books]]|location=New York, New York|isbn=978-0-465-02633-3}}</ref> In the 1970s, the handkerchief (or hanky) code emerged in the form of [[Kerchief|bandanas]], worn in back pockets, in colors that signaled sexual interests, fetishes, and if the wearer was a [[Top, bottom and versatile|"top" or "bottom"]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Do You Know the Hanky Code?|url=https://gaydesertguide.com/do-you-know-the-hanky-code/|magazine=Gay Desert Guide|date=May 22, 2018|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kacala|first1=Alexander|title=The Handkerchief Code, According to 'Bob Damron's Address Book' in 1980|url=https://www.thesaintfoundation.org/community/hanky-code-bob-damrons-address-book|website=The Saint Foundation|date=April 25, 2019|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref>
-===High five===
+===Green carnation===
+[[File:Green Carnation.jpg|thumb|150px|Green [[Dianthus caryophyllus|carnation]]|left]]
-There are many origin stories of the [[high five]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brigham |first1=Bob |url=http://www.outsports.com/2013/2/26/4034108/the-man-who-invented-the-high-five |title=The Man Who Invented the High-Five |website=[[SB Nation]] |date=June 17, 2003 |access-date=July 25, 2014}}</ref> but the two most documented candidates are [[Dusty Baker]] and [[Glenn Burke]] of the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] professional baseball team on October 2, 1977, and [[Wiley Brown]] and [[Derek Smith (basketball)|Derek Smith]] of the [[Louisville Cardinals men's basketball]] team during the 1978–1979 season.<ref name=mooallem>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/6813042/who-invented-high-five |title=The wild, mysterious history of sports' most enduring gesture: the high five |last=Mooallem |first=Jon |publisher=ESPN |date=May 22, 2020 |access-date=April 2, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Garcia |first1=Michelle |url=http://www.advocate.com/news/2012/04/19/gay-history-high-five |title=The Gay History of the High Five |magazine=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]] |date=April 19, 2018 |access-date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> In any case, after retiring from baseball, Burke, who was one of the first openly gay professional athletes, used the high five with other gay residents of the [[Castro district]] of [[San Francisco]], where for many it became a symbol of [[gay pride]] and identification.<ref name=mooallem/>
+In [[:Category:19th century in England|19th-century England]], [[green]] indicated homosexual affiliations, as popularized by gay author [[Oscar Wilde]], who often wore one on his lapel.<ref>Stetz, Margaret D. (Winter 2000). [http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/biography/v023/23.1stetz.html ''Oscar Wilde at the Movies: British Sexual Politics and The Green Carnation (1960)'']; Biography&nbsp;– Volume 23, Number 1, Winter 2000, pp. 90–107. Retrieved 14 June 2010.</ref><ref>''Curiosities of Literature'' by John Sutherland (2011, {{isbn|1-61608-074-4}}), pp. 73-76.</ref>
-===Lambda===
-[[File:Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg|thumb|left|75px|The Greek letter [[lambda]] [[Lambda|(Λ, λ)]]
+{{clear}}
-]]
-In 1970, graphic designer [[Tom Doerr]] selected the lower-case Greek letter [[Lambda#Lower-case letter λ|lambda]] to be the symbol of the New York chapter of the [[Gay Activists Alliance]].<ref name=Rapp_alliance>{{cite web|last=Rapp|first=Linda|title=Gay Activists Alliance|url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/gay_activists_alliance_S.pdf|website=[[glbtq.com]]|year=2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1969, The Year of Gay Liberation|url=http://web-static.nypl.org/exhibitions/1969/ref/1696848.html|website=[[The New York Public Library]]|date=June 2009|access-date=17 November 2018}}</ref> The alliance's literature states that Doerr chose the symbol specifically for its denotative meaning in the context of chemistry and [[Lambda transition|physics]]: "a complete exchange of energy–that moment or span of time witness to absolute activity".<ref name=Rapp_alliance />
-The lambda became associated with [[Gay Liberation]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Goodwin|first1=Joseph P.|title=More Man Than You'll Ever Be: Gay Folklore and Acculturation in Middle America|url=https://archive.org/details/moremanthanyoull00good|url-access=registration|date=1989|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/moremanthanyoull00good/page/26 26]|chapter=It Takes One to Know One|isbn=978-0253338938}}</ref><ref name=Rapp_symbols>{{cite web|last1=Rapp|first1=Linda|title=Symbols|url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/arts/symbols_A.pdf|website=[[glbtq.com]]|date=2003}}</ref> and in December 1974, it was officially declared the international symbol for gay and lesbian rights by the International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Haggerty|editor1-first=George E.|title=Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia (Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures, Volume II)|date=2000|publisher=[[Garland Publishing]]|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofga00ghag/page/529 529]|edition=1|quote=[[WorldCat|OCLC]] Number: 750790369|isbn=0-8153-1880-4|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofga00ghag/page/529}}</ref> The gay rights organization [[Lambda Legal]] and the American [[Lambda Literary Foundation]] derive their names from this symbol.
 ===Lavender rhinoceros===
 {{See also|Lavender Mafia}}
-Daniel Thaxton and Bernie Toale created a lavender [[rhinoceros]] symbol for a public ad campaign to increase visibility for gay people in Boston helmed by Gay Media Action-Advertising; Toale said they chose a rhinoceros because “it is a much maligned and misunderstood animal” and that it was lavender because that is a mix of pink and blue, making it a symbolic merger of the feminine and masculine. However, in May 1974, Metro Transit Advertising said its lawyers could not "determine eligibility of the public service rate" for the lavender rhinoceros ads, which tripled the cost of the ad campaign. Gay Media Action challenged this, but were unsuccessful. The lavender rhinoceros symbol was seen on signs, pins, and t-shirts at the Boston Pride Parade later in 1974, and a life-sized papier-mâché lavender rhinoceros was part of the parade. Money was raised for the ads, and they began running on the [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]]'s Green Line by December 3, 1974, and ran there until February 1975. The lavender rhinoceros continued as a symbol of the gay community, appearing at the 1976 Boston Pride Parade and on a flag that was raised at [[Boston City Hall]] in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gray |first1=Arielle |url=https://www.wbur.org/artery/2019/06/03/lavender-rhino-gay-resistance-boston |title=How A Lavender Rhino Became A Symbol Of Gay Resistance In '70s Boston |website=[[WBUR-FM]] |date= June 3, 2019 |access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref>
+Daniel Thaxton and Bernie Toale created a lavender [[rhinoceros]] symbol for a public ad campaign to increase visibility for gay people in Boston helmed by Gay Media Action-Advertising; Toale said they chose a rhinoceros because “it is a much maligned and misunderstood animal” and that it was lavender because that is a mix of pink and blue, making it a symbolic merger of the feminine and masculine. However, in May 1974, Metro Transit Advertising said its lawyers could not "determine eligibility of the public service rate" for the lavender rhinoceros ads, which tripled the cost of the ad campaign. Gay Media Action challenged this, but were unsuccessful. The lavender rhinoceros symbol was seen on signs, pins, and t-shirts at the Boston Pride Parade later in 1974, and a life-sized papier-mâché lavender rhinoceros was part of the parade. Money was raised for the ads, and they began running on the [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]]'s Green Line by December 3, 1974, and ran there until February 1975. The lavender rhinoceros continued as a symbol of the gay community, appearing at the 1976 Boston Pride Parade and on a flag that was raised at [[Boston City Hall]] in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gray|first1=Arielle|date=June 3, 2019|title=How A Lavender Rhino Became A Symbol Of Gay Resistance In '70s Boston|url=https://www.wbur.org/artery/2019/06/03/lavender-rhino-gay-resistance-boston|access-date=December 5, 2019|website=[[WBUR-FM]]}}</ref>
-===Purple hand===
+===Sweet flag===
+[[File:AcorusCalamus2.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Acorus calamus|Sweet flag plant]]]]
-{{See also|Lavender Mafia}}
+According to some interpretations, American poet [[Walt Whitman]] used the [[Acorus calamus|sweet flag]] plant to represent homoerotic love.<ref>{{cite book|last=Herrero-Brasas|first=Juan A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ca4FuDfH-cMC&pg=PA46|title=Walt Whitman's Mystical Ethics of Comradeship: Homosexuality and the Marginality of Friendship at the Crossroads of Modernity|publisher=SUNY|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4384-3011-9|page=46}}</ref>
-On October 31, 1969, sixty members of the [[Gay Liberation Front]], the Committee for Homosexual Freedom (CHF), and the Gay Guerilla Theatre group staged a protest outside the offices of the ''[[San Francisco Examiner]]'' in response to a series of news articles disparaging people in San Francisco's [[gay bar]]s and clubs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Teal |first1=Donn |title=The Gay Militants: How Gay Liberation Began in America, 1969-1971 |date=1971 |pages=52–58 |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |location=New York |isbn=0312112793 }}</ref><ref name=Gould_book>{{cite magazine |last=Gould|first=Robert E.|title=What We Don't Know About Homosexuality|magazine=[[New York Times Magazine]]|date= 24 February 1974|isbn=9780231084376|access-date=January 1, 2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wfHq53yNCYC&pg=PA371}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Laurence |first1=Leo E. |title=Gays Penetrate Examiner |url=https://voices.revealdigital.com/?a=d&d=BFBJFGJ19691031.1.4&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------------1 |work=[[Berkeley Tribe]] |date=October 31 – November 6, 1969 |volume=1 |issue=17 |page=4 |access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><ref name=Alwood_1996>{{cite book|last=Alwood |first=Edward|title=Straight News: Gays, Lesbians, and the News Media|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|isbn=0-231-08436-6|year=1996|url=https://archive.org/details/straightnewsgays00alwo|url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/straightnewsgays00alwo/page/94 94] |access-date=January 1, 2008}}</ref> The peaceful protest against the ''Examiner'' turned tumultuous and was later called "Friday of the Purple Hand" and "Bloody Friday of the Purple Hand".<ref name=Alwood_1996 /><ref name=BellVV>{{cite news |last=Bell|first=Arthur |author-link=Arthur Bell (journalist)|title=Has The Gay Movement Gone Establishment?|work=[[The Village Voice]]|date=28 March 1974|isbn=9780231084376 |access-date=January 1, 2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wfHq53yNCYC&pg=PA371}}</ref><ref name=Van_Buskirk>{{cite news |last1=Van Buskirk |first1=Jim |title=Gay Media Comes of Age |work=[[Bay Area Reporter]] |date=March 20, 2006 |volume=36 |page=13}}</ref><ref name=Friday>{{cite news|title=Friday of the Purple Hand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X-s3MQmEQiMC&pg=PA51 |work=San Francisco Free Press|date=November 15–30, 1969 |isbn = 9780811811873|access-date=January 1, 2008|last1 = Stryker|first1 = Susan|last2 = Buskirk|first2 = Jim Van}} (courtesy: the [[GLBT Historical Society|Gay Lesbian Historical Society]].</ref><ref name=DelMartin>{{cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=Del |title=The Police Beat: Crime in the Streets |url=http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/sfbagals/Vector/1969_Vector_Vol05_No12_Dec.pdf |journal=Vector (San Francisco) |volume=5 |issue=12 |page=9 |date=December 1969 |access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref><ref name=GayPower>{{cite web |title="Gay Power" Politics |url=http://ebar.com/openforum/opforum.php?sec=guest_op&id=41 |website=GLBTQ, Inc. |date=30 March 2006|access-date=January 1, 2008}}{{dead link|date=February 2021}}</ref> ''Examiner'' employees "dumped a barrel of printers' ink on the crowd from the roof of the newspaper building", according to [[glbtq.com]].<ref name=StrykerSF>{{cite web |last1=Stryker |first1=Susan |title=San Francisco |url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/san_francisco.html |website=[[glbtq.com]] |date=2004 |page=2 |access-date=July 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629154453/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/san_francisco.html |archive-date=June 29, 2015}}</ref> Some reports state that it was a barrel of ink poured from the roof of the building.<ref name=Montanarelli>{{cite book|last1=Montanarelli|first1=Lisa|last2=Harrison|first2==Ann|title=Strange But True San Francisco: Tales of the City by the Bay|year=2005|publisher=Globe Pequot|isbn=0-7627-3681-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FqTS3ZCbjgC|access-date=January 1, 2008}}</ref> The protestors "used the ink to scrawl slogans on the building walls" and slap purple hand prints "throughout downtown [San Francisco]" resulting in "one of the most visible demonstrations of gay power" according to the ''[[Bay Area Reporter]]''.<ref name=Alwood_1996 /><ref name=Van_Buskirk /><ref name=GayPower/> According to Larry LittleJohn, then president of [[Society for Individual Rights]], "At that point, the tactical squad arrived&nbsp;– not to get the employees who dumped the ink, but to arrest the demonstrators. Somebody could have been hurt if that ink had gotten into their eyes, but the police were knocking people to the ground."<ref name=Alwood_1996 /> The accounts of [[police brutality]] include women being thrown to the ground and protesters' teeth being knocked out.<ref name=Alwood_1996 /><ref name=NewspaperSeries>{{cite news|title=Newspaper Series Surprises Activists|work=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|date=24 April 1974|isbn=9780231084376|access-date=January 1, 2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wfHq53yNCYC&pg=PA371|last1=Alwood|first1=Edward}}</ref> Inspired by [[Black Hand (extortion)|Black Hand]] extortion methods of [[Camorra]] [[gangster]]s and [[the Mafia]],<ref name=Nash>{{cite book|last1=Nash|first1=Jay Robert|title=World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime|date=1993|publisher=[[Da Capo Press]]|isbn=0-306-80535-9}}</ref> some gay and lesbian activists attempted to institute "purple hand" as a warning to stop anti-gay attacks, but with little success.{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} In Turkey, the LGBT rights organization MorEl Eskişehir LGBTT Oluşumu (Purple Hand Eskişehir LGBT Formation), also bears the name of this symbol.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://moreleskisehir.blogspot.com |title=MorEl Eskişehir LGBTT Oluşumu |website=Moreleskisehir.blogspot.com |access-date=January 23, 2012}}</ref>
-[[File:A TransGender-Symbol Plain3.svg|thumb|right|117x117px|Transgender symbol]]
-===Transgender===
-The symbols for the female (♀) and male (♂), combined around a circle (⚧) is used to represent transgender people.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gendertalk.com/tg-symbol/|title=Transgender Symbol|website=GenderTalk |date=July 1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://transgendersociety.yolasite.com/history-of-transgender-symbolism.php|title=History of Transgender Symbolism|website=International Transgender Historical Society (ITHS)|date=2015}}</ref>
 ===Unicorns===
-[[File:Portland Pride, 2017 - 20.jpg|thumb|left|135px|Unicorn in [[Pride Northwest|Portland Pride]], 2017]]
+[[File:Portland Pride, 2017 - 20.jpg|thumb|167x167px|Unicorn in [[Pride Northwest|Portland Pride]], 2017]]
-Unicorns have become a symbol of LGBT culture due to earlier associations between the animal and rainbows being extended to the [[Rainbow flag (LGBT)|rainbow flag]] created in 1978 by [[Gilbert Baker (artist)|Gilbert Baker]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/oct/15/return-of-the-unicorn-the-magical-beast-of-our-times|title=Why the unicorn has become the emblem for our times {{!}} Alice Fisher|last=Fisher|first=Alice|date=2017-10-15|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-08-19}}</ref>
+[[Unicorn|Unicorns]] have become a symbol of LGBT culture due to earlier associations between the animal and rainbows being extended to the [[Rainbow flag (LGBT)|rainbow flag]] created in 1978 by [[Gilbert Baker (artist)|Gilbert Baker]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Fisher|first=Alice|date=2017-10-15|title=Why the unicorn has become the emblem for our times {{!}} Alice Fisher|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/oct/15/return-of-the-unicorn-the-magical-beast-of-our-times|access-date=2018-08-19|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>
-===White Knot===
+===Violets===
+[[Viola (plant)#Cultural associations|Violets]] and their [[Violet (color)#Social movement|color]] became a special code used by lesbians and bisexual women.<ref name="Alyson">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/alysonalmanactr00bost/mode/2up|title=The Alyson Almanac: A Treasury of Information for the Gay and Lesbian Community|date=1989|publisher=[[Alyson Publications]]|isbn=0-932870-19-8|location=Boston, Massachusetts|page=[https://archive.org/details/alysonalmanactr00bost/page/100 100]|chapter=Gay Symbols Through the Ages|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Myers-242">{{cite book|last1=Myers|first1=JoAnne|url=https://archive.org/details/tozlesbianlibera00myer/page/242/mode/2up|title=Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage|publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]]|year=2003|isbn=978-0810845060|edition=1st|location=Lanham, Maryland|page=242|lccn=2002156624|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Horak">{{cite book|last1=Horak|first1=Laura|title=Girls Will Be Boys: Cross-Dressed Women, Lesbians, and American Cinema, 1908-1934|date=2016|publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8135-7483-7|pages=143–144|chapter=Lesbians Take Center Stage: The Captive (1926-1928)}}</ref> The symbolism of the flower derives from several fragments of poems by [[Sappho]] in which she describes a lover wearing garlands or a crown with violets.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Collecott|first1=Diana|title=H.D. and Sapphic Modernism 1910-1950|date=1999|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=0-521-55078-5|edition=1st|location=Cambridge, England, UK|page=216}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Fantham|first1=Elaine|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195067279/mode/2up|title=Women in the Classical World: Image and Text|last2=Foley|first2=Helene Peet|last3=Kampen|first3=Natalie Boymel|last4=Pomeroy|first4=Sarah B.|last5=Shapiro|first5=H. A.|date=1994|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-506727-9|edition=1st|location=New York, New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195067279/page/15 15]}}</ref> In 1926, the play ''[[The Captive (play)|La Prisonnière]]'' by [[Édouard Bourdet]] used a bouquet of violets to signify lesbian love.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cohen-Stratyner|first1=Barbara|date=January 14, 2014|title=Violets and Vandamm|url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/01/14/violets-vandamm|access-date=4 October 2018|website=[[New York Public Library]]}}</ref> When the play became subject to censorship, many Parisian lesbians wore violets to demonstrate solidarity with its lesbian subject matter.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sova|first1=Dawn B.|url=https://archive.org/details/bannedplayscenso0000sova|title=Banned Plays: Censorship Histories of 125 Stage Dramas|date=2004|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|isbn=0-8160-4018-4|edition=1st|location=New York, New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bannedplayscenso0000sova/page/37 37–40]|chapter=The Captive|url-access=registration}}</ref>{{clear}}
-[[Image:Hi-res-whiteknot.jpg|thumb|135px|The White Knot symbol]]
-The '''White Knot''' is a symbol of support for [[same-sex marriage]] in the United States. The White Knot combines two symbols of marriage, the color white and [[Marriage|"tying the knot"]] to represent support for [[same-sex marriage]].<ref name="latimesBlogs">{{cite web|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/alltherage/2009/02/lapel-watch-whi.html|date=26 February 2009|title=Lapel watch: White ribbon for equality? Knot, really|publisher=latimesblogs.latimes.com|accessdate= 25 May 2019}}</ref> The White Knot has been worn publicly by many celebrities as a means of demonstrating solidarity with that cause.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/archive/White-Knot-Why-Not.html|title=White Knot? Why Not?|date=16 July 2009|author=Jere Hester|publisher=nbcnewyork.com|accessdate=25 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/another-cause-another-ribbon/?scp=1&sq=whiteknot.org&st=cse%20Another%20Cause,%20Another%20Ribbon%20%E2%80%93%20NYTimes.com|title=Another Cause, Another Ribbon|author=Brooks Barnes|date=26 November 2008|publisher=thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com|accessdate=31 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b98982_foo_fighters_dave_grohl_white_knot_gay.html|date=7 February 2009|title=Foo Fighters' Dave Grohl: White Knot for Gay Marriage|author=Marc Malkin|publisher=EOnline|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209072118/http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b98982_foo_fighters_dave_grohl_white_knot_gay.html|archive-date=9 February 2009
-|accessdate=31 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2009/02/white-knot-oscars-and-spirit-awards-lists-8587/|title=White Knot Oscars And Spirit Awards Lists|date=24 February 2009|author=Nikki Finke|publisher=Deadline|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205140819/https://deadline.com/2009/02/white-knot-oscars-and-spirit-awards-lists-8587/|archive-date=5 December 2018|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/popwatch/2009/02/oscar-fashion-p.html|title=Oscar fashion preview: White knots on the red carpet?|date=10 February 2009|author=Adam Markovitz|publisher=popwatch.ew.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222121106/http://popwatch.ew.com:80/popwatch/2009/02/oscar-fashion-p.html|archive-date=22 February 2009|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid73415.asp|title=Expect White Knots on Oscar's Red Carpet|date=20 February 2009|author=Rhiza Dizon|publisher=Advocate|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315030951/http://www.advocate.com:80/news_detail_ektid73415.asp|archive-date=15 March 2009|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.towleroad.com/2008/11/is-the-white-kn/|title=Is the White Knot the New Red Ribbon?|date=19 November 2008|author=Andy Towle|publisher=Towleroad|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306235246/http://www.towleroad.com/2008/11/is-the-white-kn/|archive-date=6 March 2019|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref>
-The White Knot was created by Frank Voci in November 2008, in response to the passage of [[California Proposition 8 (2008)|Proposition 8]] in California and bans on same-sex marriage and denial of other [[civil rights]] for [[LGBT]] persons across the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteknot.org/about.html|title=About White Knot|publisher=WhiteKnot|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811192814/http://www.whiteknot.org/about.html|archive-date=11 August 2013|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref>
-===Language of flowers===
-{{See also|Language of flowers}}
-====Green carnation====
-[[File:Green Carnation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Green [[Dianthus caryophyllus|carnation]]]]
-In [[:Category:19th century in England|19th-century England]], [[green]] indicated homosexual affiliations, as popularized by gay author [[Oscar Wilde]], who often wore one on his lapel.<ref>Stetz, Margaret D. (Winter 2000). [http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/biography/v023/23.1stetz.html ''Oscar Wilde at the Movies: British Sexual Politics and The Green Carnation (1960)'']; Biography&nbsp;– Volume 23, Number 1, Winter 2000, pp. 90–107. Retrieved 14 June 2010.</ref><ref>''Curiosities of Literature'' by John Sutherland (2011, {{isbn|1-61608-074-4}}), pp. 73-76.</ref>
-====Violets====
-[[File:Viola uliginosa Sturm53.jpg|thumb|left|90px|''[[Viola uliginosa]]'' flower]]
-[[Viola (plant)#Cultural associations|Violets]] and their [[Violet (color)#Social movement|color]] became a special code used by lesbians and bisexual women.<ref name=Alyson>{{cite book|title=The Alyson Almanac: A Treasury of Information for the Gay and Lesbian Community|date=1989|chapter=Gay Symbols Through the Ages|publisher=[[Alyson Publications]]|location=Boston, Massachusetts|page=[https://archive.org/details/alysonalmanactr00bost/page/100 100]|isbn=0-932870-19-8|url=https://archive.org/details/alysonalmanactr00bost/mode/2up|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name=Myers-242>{{cite book|last1=Myers |first1=JoAnne |title=Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage |year=2003 |edition=1st |page=242 |publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] |location=Lanham, Maryland |lccn=2002156624 |isbn=978-0810845060 |url=https://archive.org/details/tozlesbianlibera00myer/page/242/mode/2up |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name=Horak>{{cite book|last1=Horak|first1=Laura|title=Girls Will Be Boys: Cross-Dressed Women, Lesbians, and American Cinema, 1908-1934|date=2016|publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|chapter=Lesbians Take Center Stage: The Captive (1926-1928)|pages=143–144|isbn=978-0-8135-7483-7}}</ref> The symbolism of the flower derives from several fragments of poems by [[Sappho]] in which she describes a lover wearing garlands or a crown with violets.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Collecott|first1=Diana|title=H.D. and Sapphic Modernism 1910-1950|date=1999|edition=1st|page=216|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|location=Cambridge, England, UK|isbn=0-521-55078-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Fantham|first1=Elaine|last2=Foley|first2=Helene Peet|last3=Kampen|first3=Natalie Boymel|last4=Pomeroy|first4=Sarah B.|last5=Shapiro|first5=H. A.|title=Women in the Classical World: Image and Text|date=1994|edition=1st|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=New York, New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195067279/page/15 15]|isbn=978-0-19-506727-9|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195067279/mode/2up}}</ref> In 1926, the play ''[[The Captive (play)|La Prisonnière]]'' by [[Édouard Bourdet]] used a bouquet of violets to signify lesbian love.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cohen-Stratyner|first1=Barbara|title=Violets and Vandamm|url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/01/14/violets-vandamm|website=[[New York Public Library]]|date=January 14, 2014|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref> When the play became subject to censorship, many Parisian lesbians wore violets to demonstrate solidarity with its lesbian subject matter.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sova|first1=Dawn B.|title=Banned Plays: Censorship Histories of 125 Stage Dramas|date=2004|edition=1st|chapter=The Captive|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|location=New York, New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bannedplayscenso0000sova/page/37 37–40]|isbn=0-8160-4018-4|url=https://archive.org/details/bannedplayscenso0000sova|url-access=registration}}</ref>
-{{clear}}
-== Flags ==
-[[File:Gay Pride Flag.svg|thumb|167x167px|The [[Rainbow flag (LGBT)|rainbow flag]], created in 1978, is the most commonly used pride flag. ]]
-{{Excerpt|Pride flag|only=paragraphs}}
-==Triangle badges of the Third Reich==
+== Triangle badges of the Third Reich ==
 {{Main|Pink triangle|Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany}}
-One of the oldest of these symbols is the downward-pointing [[pink triangle]] that male homosexuals in [[Nazi concentration camps]] were required to wear on their clothing. The badge is one of several [[Nazi concentration camp badges|badges]] that internees wore to identify what kind of prisoners they were.<ref name=Plant1988>{{Cite book | last=Plant | first=Richard | year=1988 | title=The pink triangle: the Nazi war against homosexuals | edition=revised | publisher=H. Holt | isbn=978-0-8050-0600-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKSbQbEzif8C | page=175 }}</ref> Many of the estimated 5,000–15,000 gay men and lesbians imprisoned in [[concentration camp]]s died during [[the Holocaust]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/hsx/ |title=Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals 1933-1945 |publisher=Ushmm.org |access-date=2012-01-23 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119045626/http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/hsx/ |archive-date=2012-01-19 }}</ref> The pink triangle was later reclaimed by gay men, as well as some lesbians, in various political movements as a symbol of personal pride and remembrance.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShPyCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|title=Holocaust Icons: Symbolizing the Shoah in History and Memory|last=Stier|first=Oren Baruch|date=2015|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813574059|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Elman">{{Cite news|last1=Elman|first1=R. Amy|title=Triangles and Tribulations: The Politics of Nazi Symbols|website=Remember.org|url=http://remember.org/educate/elman|access-date=December 10, 2016}} (Originally published in the ''[[Journal of Homosexuality]]'', 1996, 30 (3): pp.1–11, {{doi|10.1300/J082v30n03_01}}, {{ISSN|0091-8369}})</ref> AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power ([[ACT-UP]]) adopted the downward-pointing pink triangle to symbolize the "active fight back" against [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] "rather than a passive resignation to fate."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WSn7026sq_cC&pg=PA47|title=Gayle: The Language of Kinks and Queens : a History and Dictionary of Gay Language in South Africa|last1=Cage|first1=Ken|last2=Evans|first2=Moyra|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Jacana Media|isbn=9781919931494|language=en}}</ref>
+One of the oldest of these symbols is the downward-pointing [[pink triangle]] that male homosexuals in [[Nazi concentration camps]] were required to wear on their clothing. The badge is one of several [[Nazi concentration camp badges|badges]] that internees wore to identify what kind of prisoners they were.<ref name="Plant1988">{{Cite book | last=Plant | first=Richard | year=1988 | title=The pink triangle: the Nazi war against homosexuals | edition=revised | publisher=H. Holt | isbn=978-0-8050-0600-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKSbQbEzif8C | page=175 }}</ref> Many of the estimated 5,000–15,000 gay men and lesbians imprisoned in [[concentration camp]]s died during [[the Holocaust]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/hsx/ |title=Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals 1933-1945 |publisher=Ushmm.org |access-date=2012-01-23 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119045626/http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/hsx/ |archive-date=2012-01-19 }}</ref> The pink triangle was later reclaimed by gay men, as well as some lesbians, in various political movements as a symbol of personal pride and remembrance.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShPyCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|title=Holocaust Icons: Symbolizing the Shoah in History and Memory|last=Stier|first=Oren Baruch|date=2015|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813574059|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Elman">{{Cite news|last1=Elman|first1=R. Amy|title=Triangles and Tribulations: The Politics of Nazi Symbols|website=Remember.org|url=http://remember.org/educate/elman|access-date=December 10, 2016}} (Originally published in the ''[[Journal of Homosexuality]]'', 1996, 30 (3): pp.1–11, {{doi|10.1300/J082v30n03_01}}, {{ISSN|0091-8369}})</ref> AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power ([[ACT-UP]]) adopted the downward-pointing pink triangle to symbolize the "active fight back" against [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] "rather than a passive resignation to fate."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WSn7026sq_cC&pg=PA47|title=Gayle: The Language of Kinks and Queens : a History and Dictionary of Gay Language in South Africa|last1=Cage|first1=Ken|last2=Evans|first2=Moyra|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Jacana Media|isbn=9781919931494|language=en}}</ref>
-The pink triangle was used exclusively with male prisoners, as lesbians were not included under [[Paragraph 175]], a statute which made homosexual acts between males a crime. The [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM)]] stipulates that this was because women were seen as subordinate to men, and the [[Third Reich|Nazi state]] did not feel that homosexual women presented the same threat to masculinity as homosexual men. According to USHMM, many women were arrested and imprisoned for "asocial" behavior, a classification applied to those who did not conform to the [[Nazism|Nazi]] ideal of a woman's role: cooking, cleaning, kitchen work, child raising, and passivity. Asocial women were tagged with an downward-pointing [[Black triangle (badge)|black triangle]].<ref name="USHMM1">{{cite web|title=Lesbians and the Third Reich|url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005478|access-date=16 January 2015|publisher=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]}}</ref> Many lesbians reclaimed this symbol for themselves as gay men reclaimed the pink triangle.<ref name=Elman />
+The pink triangle was used exclusively with male prisoners, as lesbians were not included under [[Paragraph 175]], a statute which made homosexual acts between males a crime. The [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM)]] stipulates that this was because women were seen as subordinate to men, and the [[Third Reich|Nazi state]] did not feel that homosexual women presented the same threat to masculinity as homosexual men. According to USHMM, many women were arrested and imprisoned for "asocial" behavior, a classification applied to those who did not conform to the [[Nazism|Nazi]] ideal of a woman's role: cooking, cleaning, kitchen work, child raising, and passivity. Asocial women were tagged with an downward-pointing [[Black triangle (badge)|black triangle]].<ref name="USHMM1">{{cite web|title=Lesbians and the Third Reich|url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005478|access-date=16 January 2015|publisher=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]}}</ref> Many lesbians reclaimed this symbol for themselves as gay men reclaimed the pink triangle.<ref name="Elman" />
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 {{clear}}
+== Other symbols ==<!--[[NOTE to Editors: when writing about pre-1980s events and history, please keep in mind that the community was referred to as "Gay"; when writing about pre-1990s, it was referred to as Lesbian and Gay (or vice-versa). "LGBT" did not exist before the 1990s.-->
+Symbols of the LGBT community have been used to represent members' unity, pride, shared values, and allegiance to one another.
+===Ace ring===
+[[File:Asexual ring.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Ace ring]]
+A black ring (also known as an ace ring) worn on the middle finger of one's right hand is a way [[Asexuality|asexual]] people signify their asexuality. The ring is deliberately worn in a similar manner as one would a [[wedding ring]] to symbolize marriage. Use of the symbol began in 2005.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chasin|first1=CJ DeLuzio|year=2013|title=Reconsidering Asexuality and Its Radical Potential|url=http://chasin.ca/cj/Chasin_Reconsidering.Asexuality_FS.Vol39.2_2013.pdf|journal=[[Feminist Studies]]|volume=39|issue=2|pages=405–426|issn=0046-3663}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Besanvalle|first1=James|date=31 July 2018|title=Here's a handy way to tell if someone you meet is asexual|url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/handy-way-tell-someone-asexual-ace-ring/#gs.gbPp1y3w|access-date=18 February 2019|website=[[Gay Star News]]}}</ref>
+===Ace cards===
+Due to the phonetic shortening from asexual to ace, [[ace]] [[playing card]]s are sometimes used to represent asexuality. The [[ace of hearts]] and [[ace of spades]] are used to symbolize [[romantic orientation|romantic]] asexuality and [[aromantic]] asexuality respectively.<ref name="AceSuits">{{cite book|author1=Julie Sondra Decker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vTSCDwAAQBAJ&q=ace+of+hearts|title=The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality|date=2015|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781510700642|access-date=21 January 2020}}{{page number needed|date=April 2019}}</ref> Likewise, the ace of clubs is used to symbolize [[gray asexuality]] and [[Romantic orientation#Romantic identities|gray aromantics]], and the ace of diamonds is used to symbolize [[Romantic orientation#Romantic identities|demi-romantics]] and [[gray asexuality#Demisexuality|demisexuals]].<ref name="Pride">{{cite web|date=July 28, 2014|title=Introduction to Asexual Identities & Resource Guide|url=https://www.campuspride.org/resources/introduction-to-asexual-identities-resource-guide/|access-date=2020-10-03|publisher=campuspride.org}}</ref>
+===Blue feather===
+In the [[Society for Creative Anachronism]], LGBT members often wear a dark blue feather to indicate an affiliation with [[Clan Blue Feather]], a group of SCA members promoting the study of LGBT culture and people in the Middle Ages.<ref>{{cite web|title=Clan Blue Feather|url=http://www.bluefeather.org|access-date=2018-06-28|publisher=Bluefeather.org}}</ref> Because of this affiliation, blue feathers have also been used at some [[Renaissance fair|Renaissance Faires]] and [[Pagan]] events.
+===Freedom rings===
+Freedom rings, designed by [[David Spada]] and released in 1991, are six aluminum rings, each in one of the colors of the rainbow flag. Symbolizing happiness and diversity, these rings are worn by themselves or as part of necklaces, bracelets, and key chains.<ref name="nytimesrings">{{cite news|last=Van Gelder|first=Lindsy|date=1992-06-21|title=Thing; Freedom Rings|newspaper=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/21/style/thing-freedom-rings.html|access-date=2010-07-21}}</ref> They are sometimes referred to as "Fruit Loops".<ref name="Cassell's Dictionary of Slang">{{cite book|last=Green|first=Jonathon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my_ut0maeV4C&pg=PA549|title=Cassell's Dictionary of Slang|date=2006|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|isbn=0-304-36636-6|access-date=2007-11-15}}</ref>
+===Handkerchief code===
+{{Main|Handkerchief code}}
+[[File:Hankycode.jpg|thumb|164x164px|Handkerchiefs worn in back pockets communicate sexual interests]]
+In some New York City gay circles of the early 20th century, gay men wore a red necktie or bow tie as a subtle signal.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chauncey|first1=George|title=[[Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940]]|date=1994|publisher=[[Basic Books]]|isbn=978-0-465-02633-3|location=New York, New York|page=52}}</ref> In the 1970s, the handkerchief (or hanky) code emerged in the form of [[Kerchief|bandanas]], worn in back pockets, in colors that signaled sexual interests, fetishes, and if the wearer was a [[Top, bottom and versatile|"top" or "bottom"]].<ref>{{cite magazine|date=May 22, 2018|title=Do You Know the Hanky Code?|url=https://gaydesertguide.com/do-you-know-the-hanky-code/|magazine=Gay Desert Guide|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kacala|first1=Alexander|date=April 25, 2019|title=The Handkerchief Code, According to 'Bob Damron's Address Book' in 1980|url=https://www.thesaintfoundation.org/community/hanky-code-bob-damrons-address-book|access-date=30 April 2020|website=The Saint Foundation}}</ref>
+===High five===
+There are many origin stories of the [[high five]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brigham|first1=Bob|date=June 17, 2003|title=The Man Who Invented the High-Five|url=http://www.outsports.com/2013/2/26/4034108/the-man-who-invented-the-high-five|access-date=July 25, 2014|website=[[SB Nation]]}}</ref> but the two most documented candidates are [[Dusty Baker]] and [[Glenn Burke]] of the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] professional baseball team on October 2, 1977, and [[Wiley Brown]] and [[Derek Smith (basketball)|Derek Smith]] of the [[Louisville Cardinals men's basketball]] team during the 1978–1979 season.<ref name="mooallem">{{cite web|last=Mooallem|first=Jon|date=May 22, 2020|title=The wild, mysterious history of sports' most enduring gesture: the high five|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/6813042/who-invented-high-five|access-date=April 2, 2021|publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Garcia|first1=Michelle|date=April 19, 2018|title=The Gay History of the High Five|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/2012/04/19/gay-history-high-five|magazine=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|access-date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> In any case, after retiring from baseball, Burke, who was one of the first openly gay professional athletes, used the high five with other gay residents of the [[Castro district]] of [[San Francisco]], where for many it became a symbol of [[gay pride]] and identification.<ref name=mooallem/>
+===Purple hand===
+{{See also|Lavender Mafia}}
+On October 31, 1969, sixty members of the [[Gay Liberation Front]], the Committee for Homosexual Freedom (CHF), and the Gay Guerilla Theatre group staged a protest outside the offices of the ''[[San Francisco Examiner]]'' in response to a series of news articles disparaging people in San Francisco's [[gay bar]]s and clubs.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Teal|first1=Donn|title=The Gay Militants: How Gay Liberation Began in America, 1969-1971|date=1971|publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]]|isbn=0312112793|location=New York|pages=52–58}}</ref><ref name="Gould_book">{{cite magazine|last=Gould|first=Robert E.|date=24 February 1974|title=What We Don't Know About Homosexuality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wfHq53yNCYC&pg=PA371|magazine=[[New York Times Magazine]]|isbn=9780231084376|access-date=January 1, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Laurence|first1=Leo E.|date=October 31 – November 6, 1969|title=Gays Penetrate Examiner|volume=1|page=4|work=[[Berkeley Tribe]]|issue=17|url=https://voices.revealdigital.com/?a=d&d=BFBJFGJ19691031.1.4&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------------1|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Alwood_1996">{{cite book|last=Alwood|first=Edward|url=https://archive.org/details/straightnewsgays00alwo|title=Straight News: Gays, Lesbians, and the News Media|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=0-231-08436-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/straightnewsgays00alwo/page/94 94]|access-date=January 1, 2008|url-access=registration}}</ref> The peaceful protest against the ''Examiner'' turned tumultuous and was later called "Friday of the Purple Hand" and "Bloody Friday of the Purple Hand".<ref name=Alwood_1996 /><ref name="BellVV">{{cite news|last=Bell|first=Arthur|author-link=Arthur Bell (journalist)|date=28 March 1974|title=Has The Gay Movement Gone Establishment?|work=[[The Village Voice]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wfHq53yNCYC&pg=PA371|access-date=January 1, 2008|isbn=9780231084376}}</ref><ref name="Van_Buskirk">{{cite news|last1=Van Buskirk|first1=Jim|date=March 20, 2006|title=Gay Media Comes of Age|volume=36|page=13|work=[[Bay Area Reporter]]}}</ref><ref name="Friday">{{cite news|last1=Stryker|first1=Susan|last2=Buskirk|first2=Jim Van|date=November 15–30, 1969|title=Friday of the Purple Hand|work=San Francisco Free Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X-s3MQmEQiMC&pg=PA51|access-date=January 1, 2008|isbn=9780811811873}} (courtesy: the [[GLBT Historical Society|Gay Lesbian Historical Society]].</ref><ref name="DelMartin">{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=Del|date=December 1969|title=The Police Beat: Crime in the Streets|url=http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/sfbagals/Vector/1969_Vector_Vol05_No12_Dec.pdf|journal=Vector (San Francisco)|volume=5|issue=12|page=9|access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="GayPower">{{cite web|date=30 March 2006|title="Gay Power" Politics|url=http://ebar.com/openforum/opforum.php?sec=guest_op&id=41|access-date=January 1, 2008|website=GLBTQ, Inc.}}{{dead link|date=February 2021}}</ref> ''Examiner'' employees "dumped a barrel of printers' ink on the crowd from the roof of the newspaper building", according to [[glbtq.com]].<ref name="StrykerSF">{{cite web|last1=Stryker|first1=Susan|date=2004|title=San Francisco|url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/san_francisco.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629154453/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/san_francisco.html|archive-date=June 29, 2015|access-date=July 5, 2015|website=[[glbtq.com]]|page=2}}</ref> Some reports state that it was a barrel of ink poured from the roof of the building.<ref name="Montanarelli">{{cite book|last1=Montanarelli|first1=Lisa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FqTS3ZCbjgC|title=Strange But True San Francisco: Tales of the City by the Bay|last2=Harrison|first2==Ann|publisher=Globe Pequot|year=2005|isbn=0-7627-3681-X|access-date=January 1, 2008}}</ref> The protestors "used the ink to scrawl slogans on the building walls" and slap purple hand prints "throughout downtown [San Francisco]" resulting in "one of the most visible demonstrations of gay power" according to the ''[[Bay Area Reporter]]''.<ref name=Alwood_1996 /><ref name=Van_Buskirk /><ref name=GayPower/> According to Larry LittleJohn, then president of [[Society for Individual Rights]], "At that point, the tactical squad arrived&nbsp;– not to get the employees who dumped the ink, but to arrest the demonstrators. Somebody could have been hurt if that ink had gotten into their eyes, but the police were knocking people to the ground."<ref name=Alwood_1996 /> The accounts of [[police brutality]] include women being thrown to the ground and protesters' teeth being knocked out.<ref name=Alwood_1996 /><ref name="NewspaperSeries">{{cite news|last1=Alwood|first1=Edward|date=24 April 1974|title=Newspaper Series Surprises Activists|work=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wfHq53yNCYC&pg=PA371|access-date=January 1, 2008|isbn=9780231084376}}</ref> Inspired by [[Black Hand (extortion)|Black Hand]] extortion methods of [[Camorra]] [[gangster]]s and [[the Mafia]],<ref name="Nash">{{cite book|last1=Nash|first1=Jay Robert|title=World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime|date=1993|publisher=[[Da Capo Press]]|isbn=0-306-80535-9}}</ref> some gay and lesbian activists attempted to institute "purple hand" as a warning to stop anti-gay attacks, but with little success.{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} In Turkey, the LGBT rights organization MorEl Eskişehir LGBTT Oluşumu (Purple Hand Eskişehir LGBT Formation), also bears the name of this symbol.<ref>{{cite web|title=MorEl Eskişehir LGBTT Oluşumu|url=http://moreleskisehir.blogspot.com|access-date=January 23, 2012|website=Moreleskisehir.blogspot.com}}</ref>
+===White Knot===
+[[Image:Hi-res-whiteknot.jpg|thumb|175x175px|The White Knot symbol|left]]
+The '''White Knot''' is a symbol of support for [[same-sex marriage]] in the United States. The White Knot combines two symbols of marriage, the color white and [[Marriage|"tying the knot"]] to represent support for [[same-sex marriage]].<ref name="latimesBlogs">{{cite web|date=26 February 2009|title=Lapel watch: White ribbon for equality? Knot, really|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/alltherage/2009/02/lapel-watch-whi.html|publisher=latimesblogs.latimes.com|accessdate=25 May 2019}}</ref> The White Knot has been worn publicly by many celebrities as a means of demonstrating solidarity with that cause.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jere Hester|date=16 July 2009|title=White Knot? Why Not?|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/archive/White-Knot-Why-Not.html|publisher=nbcnewyork.com|accessdate=25 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Brooks Barnes|date=26 November 2008|title=Another Cause, Another Ribbon|url=https://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/another-cause-another-ribbon/?scp=1&sq=whiteknot.org&st=cse%20Another%20Cause,%20Another%20Ribbon%20%E2%80%93%20NYTimes.com|publisher=thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com|accessdate=31 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Marc Malkin|date=7 February 2009|title=Foo Fighters' Dave Grohl: White Knot for Gay Marriage|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b98982_foo_fighters_dave_grohl_white_knot_gay.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209072118/http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b98982_foo_fighters_dave_grohl_white_knot_gay.html|archive-date=9 February 2009|publisher=EOnline|accessdate=31 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Nikki Finke|date=24 February 2009|title=White Knot Oscars And Spirit Awards Lists|url=https://deadline.com/2009/02/white-knot-oscars-and-spirit-awards-lists-8587/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205140819/https://deadline.com/2009/02/white-knot-oscars-and-spirit-awards-lists-8587/|archive-date=5 December 2018|publisher=Deadline|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Adam Markovitz|date=10 February 2009|title=Oscar fashion preview: White knots on the red carpet?|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/popwatch/2009/02/oscar-fashion-p.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222121106/http://popwatch.ew.com:80/popwatch/2009/02/oscar-fashion-p.html|archive-date=22 February 2009|publisher=popwatch.ew.com|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Rhiza Dizon|date=20 February 2009|title=Expect White Knots on Oscar's Red Carpet|url=http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid73415.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315030951/http://www.advocate.com:80/news_detail_ektid73415.asp|archive-date=15 March 2009|publisher=Advocate|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Andy Towle|date=19 November 2008|title=Is the White Knot the New Red Ribbon?|url=http://www.towleroad.com/2008/11/is-the-white-kn/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306235246/http://www.towleroad.com/2008/11/is-the-white-kn/|archive-date=6 March 2019|publisher=Towleroad|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref>
+The White Knot was created by Frank Voci in November 2008, in response to the passage of [[California Proposition 8 (2008)|Proposition 8]] in California and bans on same-sex marriage and denial of other [[civil rights]] for [[LGBT]] persons across the nation.<ref>{{cite web|title=About White Knot|url=http://www.whiteknot.org/about.html|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811192814/http://www.whiteknot.org/about.html|archive-date=11 August 2013|publisher=WhiteKnot|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref>
+{{clear}}
+== Flags ==
+[[File:Gay Pride Flag.svg|thumb|167x167px|The [[Rainbow flag (LGBT)|rainbow flag]], created in 1978, is the most commonly used pride flag. ]]
+{{Excerpt|Pride flag|only=paragraphs}}
 ==Gallery==
+===Symbols===
-These LGBT flags represent the [[LGBT social movements|LGBT movement]] as a whole with sexual orientations, gender identities, subcultures, and regional purposes.
+<!--BEFORE ADDING A SYMBOL: If a symbol is not explained and sourced in the article, the file in gallery must include a reliable source.-->
-===LGBT pride flags===
-<!--BEFORE ADDING A FLAG: If a flag is not explained and sourced in the article, the file in gallery must include a reliable source.-->
 <!--Wikipedia is not a publisher of original ideas and personal inventions. See [[WP:FORUM]].-->
 <!--All content must be supported with reliable sources: see [[WP:RELIABLE]]. Also see: [[WP:NOT]] + [[WP:ONEDAY]].-->
 <!--Medium, Tumblr, and Reddit blogs are not acceptable as sources: see [[WP:RSSELF]] + [[WP:USERG]].-->
+<gallery widths="100">
+File:Bi triangles.svg|[[Biangles]]<br />(represents Bisexuality)
+File:Bisexual-moon-symbol.svg|[[Bisexuality#Symbols|Double moon]]<br />(represents Bisexuality)<ref name="symbol">{{cite web|url=http://andrejkoymasky.com/lou/sym/sym05.html |title=Gay Symbols: Other Miscellaneous Symbols |access-date=18 February 2007 |author=Koymasky, Matt |author2=Koymasky Andrej |date=14 August 2006}}</ref>
+File:Double Venus.svg|[[Gender symbol#Sociology|Double female symbol]]<br />(represents Lesbian women)<ref name=Zimmerman-symbols />
+File:Double mars symbol.svg|[[Gender symbol#Sociology|Double male symbol]]<br />(represents Gay men)
+File:Whitehead-link-alternative-sexuality-symbol.svg|Interlocking [[Gender symbol|gender symbols]]<br />
+File:Labrys-symbol.svg|[[Labrys#Social movement|Labrys]]<br />(represents Lesbian feminism)<ref name=Zimmerman-symbols /><ref name=Pea /><ref name=Myers-205>{{cite book|last1=Myers |first1=JoAnne |title=Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage |year=2003 |edition=1st |page=156 |publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] |location=Lanham, Maryland |lccn=2002156624 |isbn=978-0810845060 |url=https://archive.org/details/tozlesbianlibera00myer/page/156/mode/2up |url-access=limited}}</ref>
+File:Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg|[[Lambda#Lower-case letter λ|Lambda]]<br />(represents Gay Liberation)
+File:Pansexual symbol.PNG|[[Pansexual pride flag|Pansexual symbol]]
+File:A TransGender-Symbol black-and-white.svg|[[Transgender flags|Transgender symbol]]
+File:A Transfeminist-Symbol black-and-white.svg|[[Trans feminism|Trans feminist symbol]]
+File:Gender neutral bathroom sign.png|Transgender symbol denoting gender-neutral restroom
+</gallery>
+=== Flags ===
+{{Main|Pride flag#Gallery}}
+<!--BEFORE ADDING A FLAG: If a flag is not explained and sourced in the article, the file in gallery must include a reliable source.--><!--All content must be supported with reliable sources: see [[WP:RELIABLE]]. Also see: [[WP:NOT]] + [[WP:ONEDAY]].--><!--Wikipedia is not a publisher of original ideas and personal inventions. See [[WP:FORUM]].--><!--Medium, Tumblr, and Reddit blogs are not acceptable as sources: see [[WP:RSSELF]] + [[WP:USERG]].-->
+These flags represent various [[Sexual orientation|sexual orientations]], [[Romantic orientation|romantic orientations]], [[Gender identity|gender identities]], [[Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures|subcultures]], and regional purposes.
 {{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=60
+|Gay flag.svg|[[Rainbow flag (LGBT movement)|LGBT]]|Agender pride flag.svg|[[Genderqueer#Agender|Agender]]<ref name=Alatalo>{{cite web|last1=Alatalo|first1=Rachel|title=Flags of the LGBTIQ Community|url=https://outrightinternational.org/content/flags-lgbtiq-community|website=OutRight Action International|date= August 7, 2017}}</ref>
-|Gay flag.svg|[[Rainbow flag (LGBT movement)|LGBT/Gay pride]]
-|Agender pride flag.svg|[[Genderqueer#Agender|Agender]]<ref name=Alatalo>{{cite web|last1=Alatalo|first1=Rachel|title=Flags of the LGBTIQ Community|url=https://outrightinternational.org/content/flags-lgbtiq-community|website=OutRight Action International|date= August 7, 2017}}</ref>
 |Aromantic Flag.svg|[[Aromantic]]<ref name=MajesticAromantic>{{cite web|title=Aromantic Flag|url=https://majesticmess.com/encyclopedia/aromantic-flag/|website=Majestic Mess|date=November 2018}}</ref>
 |Asexual Pride Flag.svg|[[Asexual Visibility and Education Network|Asexual]]
@@ Line 156: / Line 162: @@
 }}
-===Subculture flags===
+====Subculture flags====
-<!--BEFORE ADDING A FLAG: If a flag is not explained and sourced in the article, the file in gallery must include a reliable source.-->
-<!--Wikipedia is not a publisher of original ideas and personal inventions. See [[WP:FORUM]].-->
-<!--All content must be supported with reliable sources: see [[WP:RELIABLE]]. Also see: [[WP:NOT]] + [[WP:ONEDAY]].-->
-<!--Medium, Tumblr, and Reddit blogs are not acceptable as sources: see [[WP:RSSELF]] + [[WP:USERG]].-->
 {{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=60
 |Bear Brotherhood flag.svg|[[Bear flag (gay culture)|Bear Brotherhood]]
@@ Line 168: / Line 169: @@
 }}
-===Location-based flags===
+====Location-based flags====
-<!--BEFORE ADDING A FLAG: If a flag is not explained and sourced in the article, the file in gallery must include a reliable source.-->
-<!--Wikipedia is not a publisher of original ideas and personal inventions. See [[WP:FORUM]].-->
-<!--All content must be supported with reliable sources: see [[WP:RELIABLE]]. Also see: [[WP:NOT]] + [[WP:ONEDAY]].-->
-<!--Medium, Tumblr, and Reddit blogs are not acceptable as sources: see [[WP:RSSELF]] + [[WP:USERG]].-->
 {{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=60
 |Philadelphia Pride Flag.svg|Philadelphia, United States<br> [[Person of color|People of color]] pride flag<ref name=Philadelphia>{{cite web|last1=Owens|first1=Ernest|url=https://www.phillymag.com/news/2017/06/08/philly-pride-flag-black-brown/|title=Philly's Pride Flag to Get Two New Stripes: Black and Brown|website=[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]]|date=June 8, 2017|access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref>
 |Gay Flag of South Africa.svg|South Africa <br> [[Gay pride flag of South Africa]]<ref name=SoAfrica>{{cite web|last1=Grange|first1=Helen|title=Coming out is risky business|url=https://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/love-sex/relationships/coming-out-is-risky-business-1019307|website=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]|date=31 January 2011|access-date=4 July 2019}}</ref>
 }}
-===Symbols===
-<!--BEFORE ADDING A SYMBOL: If a symbol is not explained and sourced in the article, the file in gallery must include a reliable source.-->
-<!--Wikipedia is not a publisher of original ideas and personal inventions. See [[WP:FORUM]].-->
-<!--All content must be supported with reliable sources: see [[WP:RELIABLE]]. Also see: [[WP:NOT]] + [[WP:ONEDAY]].-->
-<!--Medium, Tumblr, and Reddit blogs are not acceptable as sources: see [[WP:RSSELF]] + [[WP:USERG]].-->
-<gallery widths="100">
-File:Bi triangles.svg|[[Biangles]]<br />(represents Bisexuality)
-File:Bisexual-moon-symbol.svg|[[Bisexuality#Symbols|Double moon]]<br />(represents Bisexuality)<ref name="symbol">{{cite web|url=http://andrejkoymasky.com/lou/sym/sym05.html |title=Gay Symbols: Other Miscellaneous Symbols |access-date=18 February 2007 |author=Koymasky, Matt |author2=Koymasky Andrej |date=14 August 2006}}</ref>
-File:Double Venus.svg|[[Gender symbol#Sociology|Double female symbol]]<br />(represents Lesbian women)<ref name=Zimmerman-symbols />
-File:Double mars symbol.svg|[[Gender symbol#Sociology|Double male symbol]]<br />(represents Gay men)
-File:Whitehead-link-alternative-sexuality-symbol.svg|Interlocking [[Gender symbol|gender symbols]]<br />
-File:Labrys-symbol.svg|[[Labrys#Social movement|Labrys]]<br />(represents Lesbian feminism)<ref name=Zimmerman-symbols /><ref name=Pea /><ref name=Myers-205>{{cite book|last1=Myers |first1=JoAnne |title=Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage |year=2003 |edition=1st |page=156 |publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] |location=Lanham, Maryland |lccn=2002156624 |isbn=978-0810845060 |url=https://archive.org/details/tozlesbianlibera00myer/page/156/mode/2up |url-access=limited}}</ref>
-File:Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg|[[Lambda#Lower-case letter λ|Lambda]]<br />(represents Gay Liberation)
-File:Pansexual symbol.PNG|[[Pansexual pride flag|Pansexual symbol]]
-File:A TransGender-Symbol black-and-white.svg|[[Transgender flags|Transgender symbol]]
-File:A Transfeminist-Symbol black-and-white.svg|[[Trans feminism|Trans feminist symbol]]
-File:Gender neutral bathroom sign.png|Transgender symbol denoting gender-neutral restroom
-</gallery>
 ==See also==
 {{Portal|LGBT|Heraldry and vexillology}}
 * [[LGBT slogans]]
-* [[White Knot]]
+* [[Pride flag]]
 ==References==

LGBT symbols: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 22:56, 26 September 2021

Letters and glyphs

Gender symbols

Lambda

Plants and animals

Green carnation

Lavender rhinoceros

Sweet flag

Unicorns

Violets

Triangle badges of the Third Reich

Other symbols

Ace ring

Ace cards

Blue feather

Freedom rings

Handkerchief code

High five

Purple hand

White Knot

Flags

Gallery

Symbols

Flags

Subculture flags

Location-based flags

See also

References

External links

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