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'''Curtis Christopher "CC" Robinson (August 25, 1919 ~ October 12, 2009)''' was a [[U.S. Army Air Force]] officer and combat fighter pilot/jet pilot with the prodigious [[332nd Fighter Group]]'s [[99th Fighter Squadron]], best known as the [[Tuskegee Airmen]], "Red Tails," or “Schwartze Vogelmenschen” ("Black Birdmen") among enemy German pilots.<ref name="CAF2">{{cite web |title=Tuskegee Airmen Pilot Roster |url=https://cafriseabove.org/the-tuskegee-airmen/tuskegee-airmen-pilot-roster/ |website=CAF Rise Above |publisher=CAF Rise Above |access-date=11 August 2020}}</ref><ref> Legacy - The Washington Post. "CURTIS C. "CC" ROBINSON." https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/curtis-robinson-obituary?pid=172778397 </ref>
'''Curtis Christopher "CC" Robinson (August 25, 1919 ~ October 12, 2009)''' was a prominent [[Washington, DC]] pharmacist, former [[U.S. Army Air Force]] officer and combat fighter pilot/jet pilot with the prodigious [[332nd Fighter Group]]'s [[99th Fighter Squadron]], best known as the [[Tuskegee Airmen]], "Red Tails," or “Schwartze Vogelmenschen” ("Black Birdmen") among enemy German pilots.<ref name="CAF2">{{cite web |title=Tuskegee Airmen Pilot Roster |url=https://cafriseabove.org/the-tuskegee-airmen/tuskegee-airmen-pilot-roster/ |website=CAF Rise Above |publisher=CAF Rise Above |access-date=11 August 2020}}</ref><ref> Legacy - The Washington Post. "CURTIS C. "CC" ROBINSON." https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/curtis-robinson-obituary?pid=172778397 </ref>


In 1943, Robinson and his two older brothers became the first African-Americans from one family to become commissioned U.S. military officers.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref> Robinson was one of seven [[Tuskegee Airmen]] from the state of [[South Carolina]].<ref> Know it All. Tuskegee Airmen Teacher’s Guide. "Tuskegee Airmen from South Carolina." Page 8. https://www.knowitall.org/sites/default/files/kiad7/TuskegeeAirmen_TeachersGuide.pdf </ref>
In 1943, Robinson and his two older brothers became the first African-Americans from one family to become commissioned U.S. military officers.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref> Robinson was one of seven [[Tuskegee Airmen]] from the state of [[South Carolina]].<ref> Know it All. Tuskegee Airmen Teacher’s Guide. "Tuskegee Airmen from South Carolina." Page 8. https://www.knowitall.org/sites/default/files/kiad7/TuskegeeAirmen_TeachersGuide.pdf </ref>
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The [[U.S. Army Air Corps]] assigned Robinson to the [[99th Fighter Squadron]].<ref> Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/ </ref> Robinson flew 33 combat missions in [[World War II]]'s [[European Theater]] including North Africa and [[Anzio, Italy]].<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref> In 1944, the [[U.S. Army Air Corps]] sent Robinson back to the United States where he served as a flight instructor for new Tuskegee cadets.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref>
The [[U.S. Army Air Corps]] assigned Robinson to the [[99th Fighter Squadron]].<ref> Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/ </ref> Robinson flew 33 combat missions in [[World War II]]'s [[European Theater]] including North Africa and [[Anzio, Italy]].<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref> In 1944, the [[U.S. Army Air Corps]] sent Robinson back to the United States where he served as a flight instructor for new Tuskegee cadets.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref>


After [[World War II]], the [[U.S. Army Air Corps]] transferred Robinson to [[Lockbourne AFB]] (now [[Rickenbacker Field]]) in [[Columbus, Ohio].</ref> He subsequently opened, owned and operated several [[Washington, DC]]-area pharmacies during the latter period of racial segregation. In 1947, Robinson left the military with a rank of [[First Lieutenant]].<ref> Curtis C. Robinson Collection (AFC/2001/001/50889), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/bib/50889 </ref><ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref>
After [[World War II]], the [[U.S. Army Air Corps]] transferred Robinson to [[Lockbourne AFB]] (now [[Rickenbacker Field]]) in [[Columbus, Ohio].</ref> He subsequently opened, owned and operated several [[Washington, DC]]-area pharmacies during the latter period of racial segregation. In January 1947, Robinson left the military with a rank of [[First Lieutenant]].<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Claflin inducts president, first lady, six others." Nov 20, 2004. https://thetandd.com/news/claflin-inducts-president-first-lady-six-others/article_8265cb78-5f17-58da-9167-e3305bb38686.html </ref><ref> Curtis C. Robinson Collection (AFC/2001/001/50889), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/bib/50889 </ref><ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref>


==Post-Military, Pharmacy Career==
==Post-Military, Pharmacy Career==
In 1947, Robinson relocated to [[Washington, DC]] with his pregnant wife.<ref> Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/ </ref> Though he applied to become a pilot at a local airport, the airline denied him opportunities to apply based on his race. In 1948, Robinson enrolled at [[Howard University]]'s School of Pharmacy, graduating in 1952.<ref> Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis C. Robinson." https://www.capitolhillhistory.org/interviews/curtis-c-robinson </ref><ref> Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis “Doc” Robinson Interview." February 8, 2003. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N61fh0t5hNq_RspOb7Y1spM0cA5lFXSc/view </ref> He subsequently opened, owned and operated six [[Washington, DC]]-area "Robinson Apothecary" pharmacies during the latter period of racial segregation.<ref> Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis C. Robinson." https://www.capitolhillhistory.org/interviews/curtis-c-robinson </ref><ref> The Washington Post. "Pharmacist Fills Prescriptions And a Social Need." MARC FISHER. https://larryrosen.org/2009/10/16/article-provided-by-marc-fisher-and-posted-in-memory-of-doc-curtis-robinson/ </ref> In January 2008, Robinson closed the last of his six pharmacies.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref>
In 1947, Robinson relocated to [[Washington, DC]] with his pregnant wife to work at the National Security Agency.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Claflin inducts president, first lady, six others." Nov 20, 2004. https://thetandd.com/news/claflin-inducts-president-first-lady-six-others/article_8265cb78-5f17-58da-9167-e3305bb38686.html </ref><ref> Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/ </ref> Though Robinson applied to become an airline pilot, no major commercial airline would hire him, discriminating against him on the basis of his race. In 1948, Robinson enrolled at [[Howard University]]'s School of Pharmacy to pursue a Bachelors of science degree in Pharmacy.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Claflin inducts president, first lady, six others." Nov 20, 2004. https://thetandd.com/news/claflin-inducts-president-first-lady-six-others/article_8265cb78-5f17-58da-9167-e3305bb38686.html </ref><ref> Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis C. Robinson." https://www.capitolhillhistory.org/interviews/curtis-c-robinson </ref><ref> Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis “Doc” Robinson Interview." February 8, 2003. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N61fh0t5hNq_RspOb7Y1spM0cA5lFXSc/view </ref> After graduating in 1952, Robinson started [[Washington, DC]]-area "Robinson Apothecary" pharmacy during the latter period of racial segregation, eventually expanding to six pharmacies.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Claflin inducts president, first lady, six others." Nov 20, 2004. https://thetandd.com/news/claflin-inducts-president-first-lady-six-others/article_8265cb78-5f17-58da-9167-e3305bb38686.html </ref><ref> Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis C. Robinson." https://www.capitolhillhistory.org/interviews/curtis-c-robinson </ref><ref> The Washington Post. "Pharmacist Fills Prescriptions And a Social Need." MARC FISHER. https://larryrosen.org/2009/10/16/article-provided-by-marc-fisher-and-posted-in-memory-of-doc-curtis-robinson/ </ref> In January 2008, Robinson closed the last of his six pharmacies.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref>


Robinson owned Robnor Publishing, LLC, a company he co-founded with George Norfleet to release Robinson’s autobiography, “A Pilot’s Journey.” <ref> Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/ </ref><ref> Biblio. "A Pilot's Journey: Memoirs Of A Tuskegee Airman." Curtis Christopher Robinson, Norfleet George. ISBN 13: 9780977619207, ISBN 10: 0977619206. Unknown; Atlanta, Ga: Robnor Publishing, 2010-01; ISBN-13: 978-0977619207https://www.biblio.com/9780977619207 </ref>
Robinson owned Robnor Publishing, LLC, a company he co-founded with George Norfleet to release Robinson’s autobiography, “A Pilot’s Journey.” <ref> Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/ </ref><ref> Biblio. "A Pilot's Journey: Memoirs Of A Tuskegee Airman." Curtis Christopher Robinson, Norfleet George. ISBN 13: 9780977619207, ISBN 10: 0977619206. Unknown; Atlanta, Ga: Robnor Publishing, 2010-01; ISBN-13: 978-0977619207https://www.biblio.com/9780977619207 </ref>
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==Honors==
==Honors==
* In 2003, Howard University School of Pharmacy awarded Robinson its Howard University School of Pharmacy achievement award.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref>
* In 2003, Howard University School of Pharmacy awarded Robinson its Howard University School of Pharmacy achievement award.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref>
* In 2004, Claflin University inducted Robinson into its Hall of Fame.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref>
* In 2004, Claflin University inducted Robinson into its Hall of Fame.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref><ref> The Times and Democrat. "Claflin inducts president, first lady, six others." Nov 20, 2004. https://thetandd.com/news/claflin-inducts-president-first-lady-six-others/article_8265cb78-5f17-58da-9167-e3305bb38686.html </ref>
* In 2007, Robinson and his fellow Tuskegee Airmen were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref>
* In 2007, Robinson and his fellow Tuskegee Airmen were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.<ref> The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html </ref>


Revision as of 00:51, 6 August 2021

Curtis C. Robinson
Born
Curtis Christopher Robinson

August 25, 1919
Orangeburg, South Carolina, US
DiedAugust 25, 2009(2009-08-25) (aged 89)
Washington, DC, US
Resting placeArlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia, Arlington County, USA
Other names"CC"
Alma materClaflin College, Howard University School of Pharmacy
Occupations
  • Military officer
  • fighter pilot
  • pharmacist
Years active1942–1947

Curtis Christopher "CC" Robinson (August 25, 1919 ~ October 12, 2009) was a prominent Washington, DC pharmacist, former U.S. Army Air Force officer and combat fighter pilot/jet pilot with the prodigious 332nd Fighter Group's 99th Fighter Squadron, best known as the Tuskegee Airmen, "Red Tails," or “Schwartze Vogelmenschen” ("Black Birdmen") among enemy German pilots.[1][2]

In 1943, Robinson and his two older brothers became the first African-Americans from one family to become commissioned U.S. military officers.[3] Robinson was one of seven Tuskegee Airmen from the state of South Carolina.[4]

Early Life, Family, Education

Robinson was born on August 25, 1919 in Orangeburg, South Carolina.[5] One of six children, Robinson was the son of college graduates and school teachers.[6] The grandson of formerly enslaved African Americans, Robinson attended elementary school, middle school and high school at Claflin College.[7] After high school, Robinson continued at Claflin College, majoring in Chemistry.[8] Robinson hailed from a long line of Chaflin graduates. His grandfather, an AME minister and politician, graduated from Chaflin in 1873. Robinson's parents, uncles and aunts also all graduated from Chaflin.[9]

After graduating from Claflin College in 1940, Robinson became a school teacher in Spartanburg County, South Carolina where he taught geography, mathematics, history and general science.[10]

In 1945 after returning from World War II, Robinson married Florie Frederick Robinson.[11][12] They were married for 56 years until Florie's death at the age of 79.[13]

Military Career

As the United States began to ramp up conscription in preparation for World War II, Robinson visited his local Spartanburg County, South Carolina U.S. Army base, Camp Penn. Soon realizing that menial work and demeaning treatment of enlisted African American soldiers were less than ideal, Robinson applied to become an aviation cadet at Tuskegee Army Air Field in Tuskegee, Alabama. In 1942, U.S. Army Air Corps accepted Robinson into Tuskegee's program, sending him first to U.S. Army Air Corps's Shaw AFB in Sumter, South Carolina for induction. However, the white officers mishandled the new African American inductees based on race, sending Robinson and other African American candidates back to their homes multiple times. In August 1942, the U.S. Army Air Corps finally assigned Robinson to Tuskegee.

On April 29, 1943, Robinson graduated as a member of the Single Engine Section Cadet Class SE-43-D, receiving his silver wings and commission as a 2nd Lieutenant.[14][15] His classmate included Wilson V. Eagleson ("Swampy") (February 1, 1920 - April 16, 2006), one of the Tuskegee Airmen's most prolific combat fighter pilots credited with two confirmed enemy German aerial kills and two probable aerial kills.[1][16][17] In 1943, Robinson and his two older brothers became the first African-Americans from one family to become officers.[18]

The U.S. Army Air Corps assigned Robinson to the 99th Fighter Squadron.[19] Robinson flew 33 combat missions in World War II's European Theater including North Africa and Anzio, Italy.[20] In 1944, the U.S. Army Air Corps sent Robinson back to the United States where he served as a flight instructor for new Tuskegee cadets.[21]

After World War II, the U.S. Army Air Corps transferred Robinson to Lockbourne AFB (now Rickenbacker Field) in [[Columbus, Ohio].</ref> He subsequently opened, owned and operated several Washington, DC-area pharmacies during the latter period of racial segregation. In January 1947, Robinson left the military with a rank of First Lieutenant.[22][23][24]

Post-Military, Pharmacy Career

In 1947, Robinson relocated to Washington, DC with his pregnant wife to work at the National Security Agency.[25][26] Though Robinson applied to become an airline pilot, no major commercial airline would hire him, discriminating against him on the basis of his race. In 1948, Robinson enrolled at Howard University's School of Pharmacy to pursue a Bachelors of science degree in Pharmacy.[27][28][29] After graduating in 1952, Robinson started Washington, DC-area "Robinson Apothecary" pharmacy during the latter period of racial segregation, eventually expanding to six pharmacies.[30][31][32] In January 2008, Robinson closed the last of his six pharmacies.[33]

Robinson owned Robnor Publishing, LLC, a company he co-founded with George Norfleet to release Robinson’s autobiography, “A Pilot’s Journey.” [34][35]

Robinson and his family lived in the Hillcrest community of Washington, DC.[36]

Honors

  • In 2003, Howard University School of Pharmacy awarded Robinson its Howard University School of Pharmacy achievement award.[37]
  • In 2004, Claflin University inducted Robinson into its Hall of Fame.[38][39]
  • In 2007, Robinson and his fellow Tuskegee Airmen were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.[40]

Death

Robinson died on October 12, 2009 in Washington, DC. He was interred at Arlington National Cemetery, plot sec: 4, Site: 2715-A, in Arlington, Virginia, Arlington County.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Tuskegee Airmen Pilot Roster". CAF Rise Above. CAF Rise Above. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  2. ^ Legacy - The Washington Post. "CURTIS C. "CC" ROBINSON." https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/curtis-robinson-obituary?pid=172778397
  3. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html
  4. ^ Know it All. Tuskegee Airmen Teacher’s Guide. "Tuskegee Airmen from South Carolina." Page 8. https://www.knowitall.org/sites/default/files/kiad7/TuskegeeAirmen_TeachersGuide.pdf
  5. ^ Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis “Doc” Robinson Interview." February 8, 2003. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N61fh0t5hNq_RspOb7Y1spM0cA5lFXSc/view and https://www.capitolhillhistory.org/interviews/curtis-c-robinson
  6. ^ Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis “Doc” Robinson Interview." February 8, 2003. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N61fh0t5hNq_RspOb7Y1spM0cA5lFXSc/view and https://www.capitolhillhistory.org/interviews/curtis-c-robinson
  7. ^ Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis “Doc” Robinson Interview." February 8, 2003. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N61fh0t5hNq_RspOb7Y1spM0cA5lFXSc/view
  8. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html
  9. ^ Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/
  10. ^ Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/
  11. ^ Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/
  12. ^ Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis “Doc” Robinson Interview." February 8, 2003. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N61fh0t5hNq_RspOb7Y1spM0cA5lFXSc/view
  13. ^ Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis “Doc” Robinson Interview." February 8, 2003. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N61fh0t5hNq_RspOb7Y1spM0cA5lFXSc/view and https://www.capitolhillhistory.org/interviews/curtis-c-robinson
  14. ^ CAF Rise Above. "Tuskegee Airmen Pilot Roster." https://cafriseabove.org/the-tuskegee-airmen/tuskegee-airmen-pilot-roster/ . This data derives from CAF Rise Above's research project compiling data from Tuskegee Airmen historians including the Air Force Historical Research Agency.
  15. ^ Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/
  16. ^ NCPedia. "Wilson Vash Eagleson II - A Tuskegee Airman 1920 - 2006." Doris McLean Bates. Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian, Fall 2003. Tar Heel Junior Historian Association, NC Museum of History. https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/eagleson-wilson
  17. ^ NCPedia. "Wilson Vash Eagleson II - A Tuskegee Airman 1920 - 2006." Doris McLean Bates. Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian, Fall 2003. Tar Heel Junior Historian Association, NC Museum of History. https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/eagleson-wilson
  18. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html
  19. ^ Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/
  20. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html
  21. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html
  22. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Claflin inducts president, first lady, six others." Nov 20, 2004. https://thetandd.com/news/claflin-inducts-president-first-lady-six-others/article_8265cb78-5f17-58da-9167-e3305bb38686.html
  23. ^ Curtis C. Robinson Collection (AFC/2001/001/50889), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/bib/50889
  24. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html
  25. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Claflin inducts president, first lady, six others." Nov 20, 2004. https://thetandd.com/news/claflin-inducts-president-first-lady-six-others/article_8265cb78-5f17-58da-9167-e3305bb38686.html
  26. ^ Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/
  27. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Claflin inducts president, first lady, six others." Nov 20, 2004. https://thetandd.com/news/claflin-inducts-president-first-lady-six-others/article_8265cb78-5f17-58da-9167-e3305bb38686.html
  28. ^ Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis C. Robinson." https://www.capitolhillhistory.org/interviews/curtis-c-robinson
  29. ^ Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis “Doc” Robinson Interview." February 8, 2003. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N61fh0t5hNq_RspOb7Y1spM0cA5lFXSc/view
  30. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Claflin inducts president, first lady, six others." Nov 20, 2004. https://thetandd.com/news/claflin-inducts-president-first-lady-six-others/article_8265cb78-5f17-58da-9167-e3305bb38686.html
  31. ^ Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. "Curtis C. Robinson." https://www.capitolhillhistory.org/interviews/curtis-c-robinson
  32. ^ The Washington Post. "Pharmacist Fills Prescriptions And a Social Need." MARC FISHER. https://larryrosen.org/2009/10/16/article-provided-by-marc-fisher-and-posted-in-memory-of-doc-curtis-robinson/
  33. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html
  34. ^ Howard University News Service. "The Life of an Original Tuskegee Airman: Curtis Christopher Robinson: Aviator Signs Books Periodically at the Air and Space Museum." http://hunewsservice.com/news/the-life-of-an-original-tuskegee-airman-curtis-christopher-robinson/
  35. ^ Biblio. "A Pilot's Journey: Memoirs Of A Tuskegee Airman." Curtis Christopher Robinson, Norfleet George. ISBN 13: 9780977619207, ISBN 10: 0977619206. Unknown; Atlanta, Ga: Robnor Publishing, 2010-01; ISBN-13: 978-0977619207https://www.biblio.com/9780977619207
  36. ^ DC Public Library - Francis A. Gregory Library. "Tuskegee Airmen Presentation." March 3, 2011. https://www.dclibrary.org/node/12932
  37. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html
  38. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html
  39. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Claflin inducts president, first lady, six others." Nov 20, 2004. https://thetandd.com/news/claflin-inducts-president-first-lady-six-others/article_8265cb78-5f17-58da-9167-e3305bb38686.html
  40. ^ The Times and Democrat. "Tuskegee airman, Orangeburg native dies." T&D Staff. Oct 15, 2009. https://thetandd.com/news/tuskegee-airman-orangeburg-native-dies/article_76b86b48-e4a5-507f-bb8c-468523167bb4.html
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